共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
刺参受精及早期胚胎发育过程的细胞学观察 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用HOECHST 33258染色荧光显微方法,对刺参成熟未受精卵以及受精过程中精子入卵、极体排放、雌雄原核的形成与结合、早期卵裂以及多精入卵等细胞学进行了研究。结果显示,刚产出的刺参成熟未受精卵呈圆形,核相处于第一次成熟分裂中期;在水温22~23 ℃、盐度29条件下进行受精,受精后12 min,完成第一次成熟分裂,释放第一极体;受精后20 min,大部分受精卵完成第二次成熟分裂,放出第二极体。受精后35 min,雌、雄原核开始在卵中央发生染色体联合;受精后80 min,部分受精卵完成第一次卵裂,受精后100 min,部分受精卵完成第二次卵裂。刺参在受精过程中存在极少数的多精入卵现象。 相似文献
2.
单环刺螠受精过程的细胞学观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用组织学和荧光显微镜对单环刺螠(Urechis unicinctus)受精过程中精子入卵以及核相变化进行了观察.结果表明:单环刺螠成熟卵呈卵圆形,核相处于生发泡尚未破裂的第1次成熟分裂前期.在(21±1)℃时,精卵混合后约5 min,精子由卵偏向植物极一侧入卵,受精膜开举起,继而精核发生第1次膨胀.直至受精后约25 min,受精膜完全举起;受精后10～50 min,卵核相继完成二次成熟分裂,分别形成第一极体和第二极体;受精后50～70 min,精核卵核分别膨胀,形成雄原核和雌原核,进而相向迁移,最后在卵的中央联合形成合子核.受精后70～90 min,受精卵完成第1次卵裂,形成2个大小相等的卵裂球.单环刺螠受精全过程历时约70 min,略长于多数海洋无脊椎动物的受精持续时间.本研究旨在为今后单环刺螠人工育苗和新品种的培育提供基础资料. 相似文献
3.
采用普通光镜、荧光显微镜和石蜡切片技术,对缢蛏受精和早期卵裂过程中的精子入卵、减数分裂、雌雄原核形成与结合、早期卵裂以及多精入卵等细胞学事件进行了显微观察。结果表明,缢蛏成熟未受精卵多呈圆球形或卵圆形,少数呈梨形,卵径为82～88μm,核相处于第一次成熟分裂中期;精子为典型的原生型,全长55～58μm,头部呈保龄球形,顶体前端的顶体杆呈特别细长的花丝状;在水温21～22℃、盐度10的条件下进行人工授精,精、卵混合后,精子迅速附着于卵子表面,启动卵子发育;受精后4～6 min,精子的头部已进入卵内并明显膨胀,卵子外形变圆,卵外附着的精子量明显减少;在受精后12～15 min、20～25 min,受精卵先后排出第一极体、第二极体,完成两次成熟分裂;第二次成熟分裂结束以后,精、卵核体积迅速膨胀,雄原核的膨胀早于雌原核,核膜重建,在受精后约30 min形成雌、雄原核;雌、雄原核均向卵子中央移动,雄原核旁边的精子星光清晰可见,随后二者在卵子中央以染色体联合的方式结合,联合核的染色体共同排列在纺锤体的赤道板上,形成第一次有丝分裂的中期分裂相;受精后40 min左右,受精卵进行第一次卵裂,染色体在纺锤丝的牵引下向两极移动,结果形成2个大小不等的卵裂球;受精后45～50 min,卵子进行第二次卵裂,核相变化与第一次卵裂相同,在与第一次卵裂垂直的纵轴方向上发生不等全裂,最终形成3小1大4个卵裂球;受精后60～70 min,胚胎进行第三次卵裂,仍为不等全裂,但自此次卵裂起已开始进行螺旋分裂。此外,对实验中发现的缢蛏极少量多精入卵、多极分离等异常细胞学现象进行了分析,并探讨了海洋贝类卵子阻止多精入卵发生的机制。 相似文献
4.
菲律宾蛤仔受精及早期胚胎发育过程的细胞学观察 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14
利用HOECHST 33258荧光染料对已固定的菲律宾蛤仔受精卵及早期胚胎样品进行染色的方法,连续观察记录了菲律宾蛤仔受精及早期胚胎发育的细胞生物学过程。结果表明,菲律宾蛤仔的成熟未受精卵子处于第一次成熟分裂中期;精卵混合后精子迅速结合于卵子周围并开始进行顶体反应;精子人卵后去致密并且激发卵子恢复两次成熟分裂,排放出第一及第二极体,完成成熟分裂;受精卵完全排放出第二极体的同时早期的精卵原核形成,随后二者相互靠拢,体积扩散膨大,在细胞中央位置形成各自的染色体组后完成联合;菲律宾蛤仔早期胚胎发育速度进程较快;在受精过程中存在极少数的多精受精现象。 相似文献
5.
6.
兴国红鲤同草鱼杂交的受精细胞学研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
兴国红鲤与草鱼杂交虽属亚科间的远缘杂交,却符合鲤科鱼类一般的受精规律,精子由唯一的受精孔道进入卵内,单精入卵。受精的适当时间是在卵细胞第二次成熟分裂的中期。受精后7分钟形成精子星光。接着雄性原核、雌性原核先后形成,并逐渐靠拢;受精后40分钟两性原核结合(水温21℃);受精后45—50分钟出现新个体的第一次卵裂。说明草鱼精子对兴国红鲤成熟卵细胞不仅起激动作用,而且参与了遗传物质的组成。此系亚科间远缘杂交具有生活力的生物学基础。实验发现:在特定的条件下,同一批受精卵中,多倍体,单倍体,雌发育可能同时存在。本文还比较分析了常见的几种鲤科鱼类及其杂种受精的过程。 相似文献
7.
为了解近江牡蛎(Crassostrea ariakensis)从受精到早期幼虫发育阶段的发育特性，在水温22～24℃、盐度20～22的实验室环境中对采自山东东营丁字湾海域的近江牡蛎进行人工授精，利用普通光学显微镜和荧光显微镜对近江牡蛎受精、早期胚胎和幼虫发育过程中的形态和核行为变化进行观察，并对这一过程中牡蛎的壳长变化进行了统计分析。结果表明，近江牡蛎成熟的未受精卵呈梨形，卵径为50μm左右，核相处于第一次成熟分裂中期。受精卵在受精后15～20 min、25～30 min,先后排出第一、第二极体，完成第一次和第二次成熟分裂，在受精后30 min左右先后形成雄原核和雌原核；雌、雄原核各自形成染色体组，在卵子中央发生联合，染色体排列于赤道板上，形成第一次有丝分裂的中期分裂相；受精后45 min左右，受精卵进行第一次卵裂，形成2个体积不等的卵裂球；受精75 min后，受精卵开始第二次卵裂，90 min后形成4个卵裂球，进入4细胞时期；6 h后受精卵发育至桑葚期，8～10 h进入囊胚期，12～15 h后发育至担轮幼虫，27～30 h左右发育成D形幼虫，5 d左右进入壳顶幼虫时期，17 d后幼虫... 相似文献
8.
泥蚶受精过程的细胞学荧光显微观察 总被引：26，自引：7，他引：19
采用荧光染色剂ＤＡＰＩ已固定的泥蚶成熟卵和受精卵进色染色的方法,在显微镜下观察泥蚶受精细胞学过程。通过ＤＡＰＩ的染色,在荧光显微镜下可清楚观察到,泥蚶的成熟未受精卵处于第一次成熟分裂的中期,精子入卵后分裂再次启动,释放出第一和第二极体,完成成熟分裂,部分受精卵的第一极体有极明显的分裂现象,精子入卵的部位是随机的,且自精子入卵至成熟分裂完成,入卵的精子在形态等方面将发生一系列变化,形成雄性原核。雌雄 相似文献
9.
斧文蛤精子超微结构与受精过程的细胞学变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用电镜和荧光显微镜技术,对斧文蛤精子超微结构与受精过程的细胞学变化进行了系统研究。电镜观察表明,斧文蛤精子为鞭毛型,全长45.2~47.7 μm,由头部、中段和尾部三部分组成。头部呈稍弯曲的狭茧形,长约2.5 μm,由顶体和细胞核组成,顶体呈圆锥形,内部中轴处有亚顶体腔;细胞核为长锥形,有核前窝和核后窝。中段由线粒体围绕中心粒复合体构成,5个近球形的线粒体呈单层梅花状排列;中心粒复合体由近端中心粒和远端中心粒组成,远端中心粒延伸出尾部的轴丝。尾部为细丝状鞭毛,内部的轴丝呈典型的“9+2”结构,外周有波浪状质膜包被。用荧光显微镜观察了斧文蛤受精及早期卵裂过程的细胞学变化,结果发现,斧文蛤成熟未受精卵呈圆球形,核相处于第一次成熟分裂中期;在水温27~28 ℃条件下受精,受精后6 min,精子入卵并膨胀成球形;受精后12~15 min、20~25 min受精卵排出第一、第二极体;30 min左右,精、卵核膨胀形成雄、雌原核;35 min,两性原核在卵子中央发生染色体联合;40~45 min,受精卵进行第一次卵裂,形成2个大小不等的分裂球;55~60 min,第二次卵裂结束,形成1大3小4个卵裂球,核相变化与第一次卵裂基本相同;75~80 min,第三次卵裂完成,自此次起开始进行螺旋分裂。另外,在斧文蛤受精过程中发现了约1%的多精入卵现象,其对成熟分裂和早期卵裂过程影响很大,常造成成熟分裂紊乱和第一次卵裂染色体分离异常。 相似文献
10.
栉孔扇贝正常发育和人工雌核发育二倍体早期胚胎核行为的细胞学观察 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
采用Bouin氏液固定、石蜡切片和苏木精-伊红染色方法，在光镜下对栉孔扇贝正常发育和6-DMAP第二极体抑制型雌核发育二倍体卵在受精和第一、二次卵裂过程中的核相变化进行了详细观察。结果表明，正常发育卵内的雌、雄原核能融合为合子核，而雌核发育卵内的精核、雌核变化相当复杂。精核至少存在两种状态：（1）精核只在刚入卵时发生轻微膨胀，以后保持固缩状态，不膨大形成雄原核；（2）在第二次成熟分裂之后，精核再次去浓缩膨胀，但其体积并未达到正常雄原核的大小。在第一、第二次卵裂过程中，此精核不参与核分裂，以致密的染色质体（DCB）存在于两组分开的母本染色体之间，卵裂结束时滞留于两卵裂球的分裂沟上或进入其一的细胞质中。受精卵经6-DMAP处理，雌核形成第二极体的过程受到有效抑制，导致雌核二倍化。此外，作者对实验中出现的多精入卵和多极分离现象进行了观察和分析。 相似文献
11.
12.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
13.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
14.
Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
15.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
19.
Qin-Cheng Huang Di‐Gen Qin Bei‐Ping Tan Tao Du Yuan-Zhi Yang Qi-hui Yang Shu‐Yan Chi Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献
20.
Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) increased plasma inorganic phosphate concentration in American eels,Anguilla rostrata, in a dose-dependent fashion. This response was more marked in phosphate loaded fish. In control as well as phosphate loaded
eels the hyperphosphatemic response to D3 was associated with a sharp reduction in renal phosphate clearance relative to14C-polyethelene glycol (PEG) clearance. Glomerular filtration and urine flow rates were not affected by D3. As renal phosphate clearance, even in phosphate loaded eels, never significantly exceeded that of PEG, it is suggested that
D3 reduced the relative clearance rate of phosphate by increasing renal phosphate reabsorption rather than by reducing the tubular
secretion of phosphate. 相似文献