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1.
长江流域泥鳅与大鳞副泥鳅种质资源调查与研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对长江流域泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅野生群体进行了系统资源调查,结果显示,二倍体泥鳅(2n)与多倍体泥鳅(3n,4n,5n)在长江流域均有分布,其中二倍体泥鳅数目占有绝对优势,少量多倍体泥鳅集中分布于长江流域中游地区及若干湖泊。此外,显著性分析表明,泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的雌性个体都显著大于雄性个体,两物种间个体大小无显著性差异。二倍体泥鳅的体长与体质量明显小于三倍体泥鳅及四倍体泥鳅,而三倍体泥鳅与四倍体泥鳅间无显著性差异。野生群体中,泥鳅雌性个体所占比例从上游到下游逐渐减少,大鳞副泥鳅无明显变化。相关性分析显示,泥鳅体质量与地域经度呈负相关,大鳞副泥鳅体质量与地域经度无显著相关性。研究表明,长江流域多倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅物种资源丰富。 相似文献
2.
利用常规肌肉营养分析方法测定了四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的肌肉营养成分.结果表明:四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅肌肉中蛋白质含量(鲜重)分别为18.68%、18.69%和18.20%;脂肪含量分别为0.796%、0.106%和1.203%;水分含量分别为79.81%、79.52%和78.40%;灰分含量分别为0.951%、1.188%和1.162%.3种泥鳅肌肉中都含有常见的17种氨基酸,其中包括9种人体必需氨基酸.氨基酸总量(占鲜重)分别为17.57%、18.11%和17.47%;必需氨基酸总量分别为7.84%、7.98%和7.76%,必需氨基酸的构成比例符合FAO/WHO的标准.鲜味氨基酸含量分别为6.98%、7.33%和6.95%.经比较分析,四倍体泥鳅和二倍体泥鳅肌肉中蛋白质含量、17种氨基酸含量、氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量均很接近,但都明显高于大鳞副泥鳅. 相似文献
3.
四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅营养成分分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用常规肌肉营养分析方法测定了四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的肌肉营养成分。结果表明：四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅肌肉中（鲜重）蛋白质含量分别为18．68％、18．69％和18．20％;脂肪含量分别为0．796％、0．106％和1．203％;水分含量分别为79．81％、79．52％和78．40％;灰分含量分别为0．951％、1．188％和1．162％。三种泥鳅肌肉中都含有常见的17种氨基酸,其中包括9种人体必需氨基酸;氨基酸总量（占鲜重）分别为17．57％、18．11％和17．47％;必需氨基酸总量分别为7．84％、7．98％和7．76％;必需氨基酸的构成比例符合FAO／WHO的标准。鲜味氨基酸含量分别为6．98％、7．33％和6．95％。经比较分析,四倍体泥鳅和二倍体泥鳅肌肉中蛋白质含量、17种氨基酸含量、氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量均很接近,但都明显高于大鳞副泥鳅。 相似文献
4.
利用常规肌肉营养分析方法测定了四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的肌肉营养成分。结果表明: 四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅肌肉中蛋白质含量(鲜重) 分别为18. 68%、18. 69%和18. 20%; 脂肪含量分别为0. 796%、0. 106%和1. 203%; 水分含量分别为79. 81%、79. 52%和78. 40%; 灰分含量分别为0. 951%、11188%和1. 162%。3种泥鳅肌肉中都含有常见的17种氨基酸, 其中包括9种人体必需氨基酸。氨基酸总量(占鲜重)分别为17. 57%、18. 11%和17. 47%; 必需氨基酸总量分别为7. 84%、7. 98% 和7. 76%, 必需氨基酸的构成比例符合FAO /WHO 的标准。鲜味氨基酸含量分别为6. 98%、7. 33%和6. 95%。经比较分析, 四倍体泥鳅和二倍体泥鳅肌肉中蛋白质含量、17种氨基酸含量、氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量均很接近, 但都明显高于大鳞副泥鳅。 相似文献
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6.
舟山群岛大鳞副泥鳅与台湾泥鳅的形态差异性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
台湾泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)是台湾地区选育的泥鳅新品种,虽具有明显优于大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)的养殖性状,但在实际生产过程中往往会将这2种泥鳅混淆,为了科学识别形态特征相似的台湾泥鳅和舟山群岛大鳞副泥鳅,采用单因素方差分析、主成分分析和判别分析等多元分析方法定量比较舟山群岛大鳞副泥鳅与台湾泥鳅人工养殖群体的形态特征差异。结果显示:(1)2种泥鳅在本研究所涉24项形态评价指标中存在显著差异的达8项,两者在形态特征上具较好的区分度;(2)经主成分分析,提取到5个特征值均大于1的主成分,累计贡献率达75.463%,其中第1主成分为以营养生理状况、体型匀称程度为主导的体质强壮因子,第2主成分为以头部大小和胸鳍长短为主导的觅食运动功能因子,后3个主成分是与眼睛发达程度为主导的视野功能因子;(3)采用逐步判别法,以判别贡献率较大的8项形态评价指标为自变量,建立分类函数方程组。大鳞副泥鳅:func_1=-681.190+4.992x1+498.305x2+1778.188x3;台湾泥鳅:func2=-860.382+5.373x1+650.034x2+1894.839x3;所建判别函数可清晰区分舟山群岛大鳞副泥鳅与台湾泥鳅人工养殖群体,且判别准确率为100%。研究表明,虽然台湾泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅形态特征相似,但能利用形态指标建立判别函数对两者进行科学、快速的判别。 相似文献
7.
3种泥鳅微卫星标记和D-Loop部分序列遗传变异分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为进一步了解中国当前主要养殖鳅类种质资源现状,实验采用7个微卫星标记和线粒体D-Loop部分序列,对泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus,MA)、大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus,PD)和台湾大泥鳅(未见种属分类,TW)3种泥鳅进行群体遗传变异分析.结果显示,6个微卫星位点在3种泥鳅中均能获得有效扩增,1个微卫星标记(Mac239)只在MA中获得特异性扩增,而在PD和TW中未能获得有效扩增条带.在3种泥鳅共90尾个体的D-Loop 部分序列中发现32个单倍型,仅在PD和TW间存在1个共享单倍型.实验中共检测到65个变异位点,其中MA与PD和TW间存在29个特异性位点,而PD和TW间未检测到特异性位点.瓶颈效应和中性检验显示,TW近期可能发生有效群体数量的减少.基于微卫星标记和D-Loop部分序列的遗传变异分析显示,TW和PD间的Nei's遗传距离和K2P遗传距离最近(0.297和0.006),明显小于两者与MA间的遗传距离(1.011～1.899和0.095～0.099);分子方差分析(AMOVA)显示,3种泥鳅的遗传分化极显著(P＜0.01).群体间遗传结构和单倍型网络分析显示,3种泥鳅的遗传结构相对独立,仅在TW和PD间存在一定程度的遗传结构混杂.研究表明,泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅在遗传结构上存在明显差异,可采用分子标记进行有效鉴别;台湾大泥鳅可能是大鳞副泥鳅的生态种群或遗传改良群体,而非有效物种. 相似文献
8.
我国传统养殖的泥鳅包括了泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)(俗称青鳅)和大鳞副泥鳅(Paramis原gurnus dabryanus)(俗称黄板鳅),分属花鳅亚科中的泥鳅属(Misgurnus)和副泥鳅属(Paramisgurnus)[1]。泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅是近年来最为热门的名特养殖品种之一,营养丰富,有极高的营养价值、药用价值和保健功能[2-5]。国际市场对我国泥鳅的需求量逐年增加,尤其是日本、韩国,年需求量超过100000 t[6]。随着需求的不断增加,对泥鳅苗种的需求也逐步增加。因此,人工繁育苗种成为促进泥鳅养殖业发展的重点。泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的人工繁育技术已经较为成熟[7-10],为泥鳅养殖业的发展提供了保证。 相似文献
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10.
向性成熟的泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)和大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)个体注射绒毛膜促性腺激素，对所获得的卵子和精子进行人工授精。把胚胎分别置于20℃、25℃和30℃条件下，使其发育。经性腺检查发现，随着温度的升高两种泥鳅中雄性个体所占的比例明显升高，获得明显的偏雄比率群体。根据已知细胞色素P450芳香化酶CYP19α基因序列设计嵌套简并引物用巢式PCR扩增并克隆出了两种泥鳅的CYP19α的DNA片段。泥鳅CYP19α片段和大鳞副泥鳅CYP19α片段分别长941bp和935bp。在此基础上用各自的特异引物克隆出两种泥鳅CYP19α的相应CDNA片段。通过基因组DNA和cDNA序列的比较证明两种泥鳅的CYP19α基因均包含2个内含子和3个外显子，编码的蛋白质序列长84氨基酸残基。以GAPDH基因为对照，分别对2种泥鳅成体组织和不同发育阶段胚胎的CYP19α进行了半定量RT-PCR表达分析，结果表明，二者在成体组织中具有大致相似的表达模式，在卵巢和脑组织中表达量较大，在精巢和肝组织中微量表达，在胚胎中二者的表达模式差异较大。 相似文献
11.
Songqian Huang Xiaojuan Cao Weimin Wang Mona Nasr 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(1):13-20
Artificial and natural hybridization of dojo loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (2N = 50, DD for short) and large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus (2N = 48, PP for short) are well-grown. However, these hybrid loaches have not yet been examined for fertility and ploidy of gametes. Here, histological observations, artificial propagation, observations of embryonic development, larval morphology, and ploidy analyses were conducted to determine the fertility and ploidy of gametes of allodiploid (DP for short) and allotriploid (DDP for short) loaches, produced by DD females × PP males and induced from fertilized eggs of DD females × PP males by cold shock to prevent the second polar body release, respectively. The ovaries of DP and DDP included smaller number of eggs when compared with those of the control DD, while full-grown oocytes were observed. Testes of these two loaches were delayed-developed without spermatids or mature spermatozoa. Results obtained here showed that DP and DDP were fertility-weakened female and sterile male. Moreover, DP females and DDP females could, respectively, produce few viable haploid eggs and few viable haploid and diploid eggs. This study will provide valuable information for fish hybrid researches. 相似文献
12.
Lei Cui Li‐Bao Fang Yong‐Yao Yu Wei‐Min Wang Xiao‐Yun Zhou Khalid Abbas 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(3):415-424
To determine the genotype with better traits for aquaculture practices of the loach, factorial crosses were made among diploid (D), tetraploid (T) dojo loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, and large‐scale loach, Paramisgurnus dabryanus (P), producing DD, DT, DP, TD, TT, TP, PD, PT, and PP genotypes (female listed first). The growth performance and survival of different genotypes in culture were evaluated through a 48‐wk rearing trail. The average fertilization rate in genotypes with P. dabryanus as female parental was significantly higher than those of M. anguillicaudatus as female parental. The average fertilization level of sperm from P. dabryanus was about the same as diploid M. anguillicaudatus but significantly higher than tetraploid M. anguillicaudatus. The highest survival rate was found in DD group (52.77%) and PP group (50.31%) (P > 0.05). The intergenetic crosses between P. dabryanus and M. anguillicaudatus, especially for PD (19.05%), DP (17.89%), and PT (15.44%) groups, exhibited poor survival rates. Under the similar rearing conditions, PP group showed significant growth advantage. Growth rates of the interspecific hybrid progenies were found to be intermediate in comparison with the parental species. According to these results, the PP genotype is more suitable for aquaculture practice . 相似文献
13.
三角帆蚌三个优异群体杂交后代生长性能比较研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
于2003年5月21日至2004年12月23日,在浙江诸暨的养殖池塘比较研究了三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cum-ingii)的洞庭湖群体(DD)、鄱阳湖群体(PP)和太湖群体(TT)自交F1与其6个杂交F1(DP,PD,DT,TD,TP和PT)的生长性能。结果显示:19月龄的9个群体三角帆蚌壳长已趋于相对恒定,但早期各群体间壳长差异明显。壳宽性状从6月龄至19月龄,PP、PD和TD三者均无明显差异,但均优于其余6群体(P<0.01)。特别发现PD从4月龄至19月龄均呈现明显的生长优势。从整个试验阶段来看,PD的体重也具有生长优势;经572 d生长发育,生长最快的依次为PD((0.42±0.07)g/d)、TD((0.37±0.04)g/d)和PP((0.37±0.08)g/d),生长最慢的是TT((0.30±0.08)g/d)、DP((0.32±0.06)g/d)和PT((0.32±0.07)g/d)。各性状的杂种优势率在-1.95%～17.08%之间。对于壳宽性状,PD、TD和PT均产生了杂种优势,且以PD最大,达到7.99%。在体重性状上,PD的杂种优势最大,达到了17.08%,其次为TD(14.10%),因此,PD与TD的养殖性能最好。 相似文献
14.
Otomar Linhart Marek Rodina Martin Flajshans Nicola Mavrodiev Jana Nebesarova David Gela Martin Kocour 《Aquaculture International》2006,14(1-2):9-25
The tench Tinca tinca is an interesting fish from the viewpoint of polyploidy and related atypical reproduction aspects. Triploid tench were produced
artificially. Studies of spermiation as well as of sperm motility and structure were performed on several triploid and diploid
males simultaneously with individual experimental crosses with diploid females to define their reproductive capacities. The
testes of triploids visually looked less developed in the most of cases with lower sperm production (0.05 cm3 sperm per male), GSI and weight of testes compared to diploids (0.58 cm3 sperm per male). Analysis of variance showed significant influence of ploidy level on the percentage of motile spermatozoa.
Triploidy did not change percentage of live spermatozoa and velocity of spermatozoa at the first time of sperm movement. The
study of sperm structure by scanning electron microscopy revealed that most sperm cells were of normal structure with some
anomalies. Sperm heads of triploid and diploid males were mostly round-shaped, 1.86±0.2 and 1.6±0.18 μm in diameter. The midpiece
of triploid spermatozoa was slightly narrower than that of diploid ones with typical cylindrical shape. Flow cytometry revealed
sperm cells of triploids to be largely aneuploid (1.47 n) with high mosaic DNA, oscillating from haploid DNA content (1.0 n)
to diploid DNA content (1.9 n). Experimental crosses between triploid males and diploid females revealed that these males
were capable to stimulate effective development with relatively high level of fertilization and hatching rates from 0 to 70%.
In conclusion, triploidization does not seem to guarantee sterility of tench. 相似文献
15.
Exotic animals can cause genetic contamination of indigenous species if they escape and reproduce in wild populations. The loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and species related to it have been imported into Japan for commercial use. We collected live loach specimens from the central wholesale market in Tokyo. For the 451 specimens collected, ploidy status was examined by DNA content flow cytometry, and polyploid loaches with triploid, tetraploid, and other higher ploidy ranges were detected. Hypertriploid and hypertetraploid individuals were easily detected by flow cytometry using standard eudiploid, eutriploid, and eutetraploid controls, and the reproductive capacities of these hyperpolyploid males were then examined. Sperm of hypertriploid males did not exhibit active progressive motility, and major populations of spermatozoa or spermatozoon-like cells were detected in the triploid and hexaploid ranges. Motile haploid spermatozoa were very rare in sperm from hypertriploid males. Therefore, hypertriploid males were sterile, whereas hypertetraploid males produced fertile hyperdiploid spermatozoa with active progressive motility after contact with ambient water. Viable progeny occurred in crosses between normal wild-type diploid females and hypertetraploid males, but androgenotes induced by the fertilization of UV-irradiated eggs with the sperm of hypertetraploid males were inviable hyperdiploids. Cytogenetic analyses of those androgenotes indicated that hypertetraploid males should produce hyperdiploid spermatozoa with 2n?=?54 (i.e., four supernumerary microchromosomes). 相似文献
16.
The great diversity of optimal UV irradiation doses are used for DNA inactivation in fish sperm forcing authors to repeat optimization of irradiation treatment every time. Analysis of sperm UV irradiation protocol for induction of gynogenesis showed the importance of sperm UV light absorption estimations. The UV absorption investigation in Siberian sturgeon sperm showed average extinction coefficient 7.69 × 10?8 ± 1.04 × 10?8 cm2. It is resulted in high heterogeneity of UV irradiation of undiluted sperm samples. Therefore, it is strongly suggested to specify doses only with defined concentration of spermatozoa; otherwise, the difference in absorbance level between samples can bring a significant error to optimal UV dose estimation. This was confirmed by UV-irradiated sperm motility investigation. Results of motility investigation of UV-irradiated sperm revealed high sensitivity of Siberian sturgeon spermatozoa motion mechanisms to UV irradiation, with complete loss of motility after homogeneous UV irradiation at doses above 2,000 J/m2. Partial gynogenesis was conducted using diluted and undiluted sperm. Ploidy level of hatched larvae was estimated by flow cytometry. Percentage of haploid hatched larvae revealed sperm DNA inactivation efficiency. The highest percentage of haploid putative gynogenotes 19.67 ± 4.19 % was obtained at UV irradiation dose 200 J/m2 with sperm diluted to 1:4. 相似文献
17.
Gynogenetic diploids were induced in the loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, by applying cold shock to the egg after fertilization with spermatozoa genetically inactivated by ultraviolet-ray irradiation, to examine their survival, growth and fertility. Eggs were obtained from orange phenotype loach (homozygous for a recessive demelanogenesis gene). Spermatozoa were obtained from black phenotype loach (homozygous for a dominant melanogenesis gene), and from common carp, Cyprinus carpio. All hybrids between loach and carp were inviably abnormal.Eggs fertilized with loach or carp spermatozoa irradiated at doses of 6000 and 12000 erg/mm 2 and then treated with cold water (1°C for one hour 4 and 5 min after fertilization developed into embryos with 61–78% survival. About 70–87% of newly-hatched fry were normal in appearance. Gynogenetic fish induced by both loach and carp spermatozoa showed lower rates of survival and growth than did the normal diploid controls. All gynogenetic fish from carp spermatozoa were female and 94.9% of the gynogenetic fish from loach spermatozoa were female. The second gynogenetic offsprings were produced from females selected from both gynogenetic groups. 相似文献
18.
Volodymyr Bondarenko Miroslav Blecha Tomas Policar 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(6):1591-1597
Sexually mature males (BW?=?1600?±?150 g and TL?=?235?±?30 mm) of northern pike (Esox lucius L.) were randomly selected from a pond to record changes in their sperm quality parameters (spermatozoa morphology, sperm volume, density, and motility parameters) during the spawning season. The morphological and motility parameters changed significantly during the reproductive season with following trends. Only, head width was not changed during the spawning season. The longest spermatozoa and its flagellar length were found at the middle of spawning period (TL?=?38.24?±?0.37 μm and 35.14?±?0.26 μm) and shortest at the beginning of spawning period (TL?=?34.81?±?0.29 μm and 32.53?±?0.18 μm). Other morphological characters were always the lowest at the beginning of spawning period. Sperm volume was changed from 0.33?±?0.3 ml in February, 0.43?±?0.2 ml in March to 0.24?±?0.1 ml in April, and density from 16.2?±?0.2?×?109 spermatozoa ml?1 in February, 19.4?±?0.2?×?109 spermatozoa ml?1 in March to 4.8?±?0.2?×?109 spermatozoa ml?1 in April. Same sperm velocity was observed in all spawning terms at 10 and 20 s after activation. Higher velocity was found at 30 and 40 s after activation in sperm collected at the middle and the end of spawning period. Significantly, higher percentage of motile sperm was observed at 20, 30, and 40 s after activation in sperm sampled at the end of spawning period. This study supports the hypothesis that longer spermatozoa swim faster. 相似文献
19.
Ya-Juan Li Zhuo Yu Ming-Zhao Zhang Cong Qian Syuiti Abe Katsutoshi Arai 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(4):759-768
When eggs from the Chinese tetraploid loach that had 100 chromosomes were fertilized with UV-irradiated sperm, we obtained viable gynogenetic progeny without any additional treatment for the duplication of maternal chromosomes, which survived beyond first feeding towards adult stage of development. Gynogenetic progeny were determined to be diploid since they possessed 50 chromosomes, along with two chromosomes bearing nucleolar organizing regions (NORs), detected by silver nitrate staining (Ag-NORs), chromomycin-A3 (CMA3)-positive sites and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) signals for rDNA loci. In contrast, when gynogens were induced using eggs from diploid loach fertilized by UV-irradiated sperm, but without chromosome doubling, we found that all resultant progeny were non-viable haploid gynogens with 25 chromosomes, along with one NOR-bearing chromosome detected by Ag-NORs, CMA3 and FISH. These observations demonstrate the true genetic tetraploid nature of the Chinese loach possessing 100 chromosomes, and the potential use of this tetraploid as a source of functional diploid gametes for further ploidy manipulation experiments. 相似文献
20.
Takafumi Fujimoto Suzu Sakao Kouzou Oshima Etsuro Yamaha Katsutoshi Arai 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(4):769-781
Tetraploid fish, which are considered as key resources of diploid gametes for further breeding and ploidy manipulation, can be artificially induced by inhibition of the mitotic cell division with hydrostatic pressure or temperature treatments. Although many attempts have been made to induce artificial tetraploid strains, successful establishment of viable and fertile tetraploid strains are rare. In pond loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, natural tetraploid individuals are distributed in wild populations and diploid gametes from the tetraploid fish have been used for the induction of polyploid individuals, but artificially induced tetraploid strains have not been established yet. In the present study, we optimised starting timing of the heat-shock treatment (41 °C for 2 min) to inhibit a mitotic cell division in fertilised eggs of the normal diploid pond loach between 21 and 51 min after insemination at 20 °C. After the treatment, we observed external appearance of hatching larvae and flow cytometrically determined ploidy status of the resultant larvae. Although tetraploid and diploid/tetraploid mosaic larvae were obtained, the optimum timings for induction of tetraploidy varied amongst crosses. Various kinds of ploidy such as haploidy, diploidy, triploidy, pentaploidy, hexaploidy, aneuploidy and mosaic were detected in non-optimum heat-shock timings for tetraploidisation. Survivors, a tetraploid and a diploid/tetraploid mosaic male, matured at the age of 1-year-old, but they produced functional haploid spermatozoa. 相似文献