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2.养殖疾病控制的需要20世纪我国水生动物疾病流行的特点是70～80年代流行草鱼出血病;90年代流行对虾白斑病毒病;90年代～20世纪末流行海水鱼类虹彩病毒病,并造成了严重的危害。80年代我国养殖草鱼因呼肠孤病毒病造成30%以上的死亡,1993年养殖对虾因白斑病(一种杆状病毒病)造成 相似文献
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为了解滨州地区养殖对虾与海水鱼苗流行病学现状,掌握潜在风险,为水产养殖业健康有序发展提供科学依据,2022年,开展滨州市(无棣县、沾化区、博兴县)养殖对虾和海水鱼苗种主要病害监测,对虾苗种检测白斑综合征(WSD)、传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒病(IHHN)、虾肝肠胞虫病(EHP)、急性肝胰腺坏死病(AHPND)、对虾虹彩病毒病(DIV-1)、桃拉综合征(TS)、传染性肌肉坏死病(IMN);海水鱼苗种检测病毒性神经坏死病(VNN)等。本次监测了65份南美白对虾样品,分别都检测8种对虾病原,共检出5份病原阳性样品,并存在有2种甚至3种病原共感染情况。建议在对虾苗种引进、繁育、养殖过程中应进行全面的多病原监测,从源头上把好苗种质量关,保障对虾健康,促进对虾养殖业发展。 相似文献
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虾虹彩病毒病是一种感染甲壳类的急性、传染性疾病,其病原为虹彩病毒科的一个新属即十足目虹彩病毒属的十足目虹彩病毒1 (Decapod iridescent virus 1,DIV1)。DIV1传播速率快、宿主范围广、致死率高,近年来在对虾养殖过程中广泛流行,给我国对虾养殖业造成巨大经济损失。目前,对DIV1引发的虾虹彩病毒病的病原学、病理学、流行病学、检测诊断等方面已开展了部分研究,但对病毒感染的分子机制、宿主的应答规律等还知之甚少。本文对DIV1的发现过程、分类地位、形态特征、感染特性、机体响应机制、基因组信息、宿主范围、传播途径及检测方法等方面的最新研究进展进行了综述,阐述了疾病防控及未来展望,以期为虾虹彩病毒病的深入研究及有效防控提供参考。 相似文献
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褐龙斑是雌性褐石斑鱼(Epinephelus bruneus)和雄性鞍带石斑鱼(E. lanceolatus)杂交产生的子代。作为杂交石斑鱼的新品种,国内外尚没有褐龙斑疾病的报道。2017年7月,某养殖场褐龙斑出现急性死亡,10 d内累积死亡率高达80%。现场调查发现,病鱼外观无明显异常,但反应迟钝,伏底死亡。临床检查和剖检可见脾和肾严重肿大、易碎。组织病理切片观察发现,各组织中存在数量不等的嗜碱性、细胞质均一、直径为10~15 µm的肿大细胞。超薄组织切片中发现,肿大细胞胞质内存在大量直径为130~150 nm的虹彩病毒样颗粒。使用特异性的PCR引物,从病鱼脾、头肾等组织中均检测到真鲷虹彩病毒(Red seabream iridovirus, RSIV)的高强度感染。测定了该病毒主要衣壳蛋白(Major capsid protein, MCP)基因1362 bp的全长编码区,构建了19种(株)虹彩病毒系统发育树,结果显示,该病毒属于虹彩病毒科肿大细胞病毒属RSIV类群。本研究首次描述了褐龙斑虹彩病毒病的组织病理特征,揭示了褐龙斑是RSIV新的敏感宿主,为杂交石斑鱼病毒病的诊断与防治提供了重要的参考依据。 相似文献
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A marine fish cell line derived from the kidney of red-spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara, designated as EAGK was established and characterized. The EAGK cells multiplied well in Leibovitz's L-15 medium containing 10% foetal bovine serum at 25 °C and have been subcultured for more than 90 passages. Karyotyping, chromosomal typing and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genotyping analysis revealed that EAGK had a modal diploid chromosome number of 82 and was a fibroblast cell line originated from grouper. A severe cytopathic effect was observed in EAGK cells incubated with Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), but not with soft-shelled turtle iridovirus, viral nervous necrosis virus or spring viraemia of carp virus. SGIV replication was further confirmed by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy and virus titre determination. Bright fluorescence was observed after transfection with fluorescent protein reporter plasmids, indicating that EAGK cells can be used to identify gene functions in vitro. In addition, the cell organelles including mitochondria and endoplasm reticulum changed and aggregated around virus factories after SGIV infection, suggested that the EAGK cell line could be an important tool for investigation of iridovirus-host interactions. 相似文献
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Grouper Epinephelus spp. is one of the most important mariculture fish species in China and South-East Asian countries. The emerging viral diseases, evoked by iridovirus which belongs to genus Megalocytivirus and Ranavirus, have been well characterized in recent years. To date, few data on lymphocystis disease in grouper which caused by lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) were described. Here, a novel LCDV isolate was identified and characterized. Based on the sequence of LCDV major capsid protein (MCP) and DNA polymerase gene, we found that the causative agents from different species of diseased groupers were the same one and herein were uniformly defined as grouper LCDV (GLCDV). Furthermore, H&E staining revealed that the nodules on the skin were composed of giant cells that contained inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm. Numerous virus particles with >210 nm in diameter and with hexagonal profiles were observed in the cytoplasm. In addition, phylogenetic analysis based on four iridovirus core genes, MCP, DNA polymerase, myristoylated membrane protein (MMP) and ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), consistently showed that GLCDV was mostly related to LCDV-C, followed by LCDV-1. Taken together, our data firstly provided the molecular evidence that GLCDV was a novel emerging iridovirus pathogen in grouper culture. 相似文献
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Investigation of outbreaks of a novel disease, 'Sleepy Grouper Disease', affecting the brown-spotted grouper, Epinephelus tauvina Forskal 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Abstract. A novel disease affecting the brown-spotted grouper, Epinephelus tauvina Forskal, described here as Sleepy Grouper Disease1 (SGD), resulted in significant economic losses in some Singaporean marine net-cage farms from April to August 1992. Investigations suggested that the aetiological agent was a virus, probably introduced with imported groupers. The virus was provisionally identified as an iridovirus on morphological evidence. The disease caused extreme lethargy in affected fish with few visible external signs. Mortalities either occurred gradually over the week from onset of clinical signs, or over a shorter period and in large numbers if fish were stressed. Consistent tissue changes were seen by light microscopy in the spleen, heart and kidney of affected fish. Electron microscopy showed viral particles associated with damage to cell organelles. In an experimental infection, apparently healthy fish cohabiting with an infected fish developed similar lesions and died. The significance of SGD in grouper culture is discussed. 相似文献
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Mingzhu Liu Qing Yu Hehe Xiao Yi Yi Hao Cheng Dedi Fazriansyah Putra Yaming Huang Qin Zhang Pengfei Li 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(5):531-540
Grouper iridovirus causes high mortality rates in cultured groupers, and effective treatment for grouper iridovirus infection is urgently required. Illicium verum Hook. f. is a well-known medicinal plant with a variety of biological activities. The aim of this study was to analyse the use of I. verum extracts to treat grouper iridovirus infection. The safe working concentration of each I. verum extract was identified both in vitro and in vivo as follows: I. verum aqueous extract (IVAE) ≤ 500 μg/ml; I. verum ethanol extract (IVEE) ≤ 250 μg/ml; shikimic acid (SKA) ≤ 250 μg/ml; trans-anethole (TAT) ≤ 800 μg/ml; 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DDBA) ≤ 400 μg/ml; and quercetin (QCE) ≤ 50 μg/ml. The inhibitory activity of each I. verum extract against grouper iridovirus infection was analysed using aptamer (Q2)-based fluorescent molecular probe (Q2-AFMP) and RT-qPCR. All of the I. verum extracts displayed dose-dependent antiviral activities against grouper iridovirus. Based on the achieved per cent inhibition, IVAE, IVEE, DDBA and QCE were associated with the greatest antiviral activity (all > 90%). Together, our results indicate that I. verum extracts have effective antiviral properties, making it an excellent potential source material for the development of effective treatment for grouper iridovirus infection. 相似文献
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Y-S Lai S Murali H-Y Ju M-F Wu I-C Guo S-C Chen K Fang C-Y Chang 《Journal of fish diseases》2000,23(6):379-388
Two iridovirus-susceptible cell lines were established and characterized from grouper Epinephelus awoara kidney and liver tissues. These cell lines have been designated GK and GL, respectively. The cells multiplied well in Leibovitz's L-15 medium, supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum, at temperatures between 20 and 32 °C, and have been subcultured more than 120 times, becoming continuous cell lines. The cell lines consist of a heterogeneous mixture of fibroblastic and epithelial cells. The viability of cells, stored frozen in liquid nitrogen (−196 °C), was 95% after 1 year. Chromosome morphologies of GK and GL cells were homogeneous. Both cell lines were susceptible to grouper iridovirus, and yielded high titres of up to 108 TCID50 mL−1 . In addition, both cell lines effectively replicated the virus, which could be purified to homogeneity by cesium chloride gradient centrifugation. Electron microscopy studies showed that purified virus particles were 170±10 nm in diameter, and were hexagonal in shape. Virus-infected cells showed an abundance of virus particles inside the cytoplasm. These results show that the GK and GL cell lines effectively replicate grouper iridovirus, and can be used as a tool for studying fish iridoviruses. 相似文献
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石斑鱼虹彩病毒ORF050的分子特征和功能初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新加坡石斑鱼虹彩病毒(Singapore grouper iridovirus,SGIV)是导致石斑鱼养殖产业严重经济损失的主要病毒病原之一。SGIV 是大分子DNA病毒,包含162个基因开放阅读框,其中ORF050是一个肿瘤坏死因子受体类似物,可能在SGIV的免疫逃避中发挥作用。本研究克隆了SGIV ORF050基因,并构建了全长基因的真核表达重组质粒和四个半胱氨酸富集结构域(CRD)分别缺失的突变体。RT-PCR和药物抑制实验结果表明,SGIV ORF050是病毒的一个立即早期基因。亚细胞定位结果表明,该基因在细胞质内均匀地弥散性分布,并在细胞核周围聚集;第一个CRD缺失后,基因的定位发生明显的变化,即呈点状分布在胞质中,推测第一个CRD对其功能有影响。在过表达SGIV ORF050的鱼类细胞中观察SGIV感染引起的CPE,发现与对照相比没有明显区别;荧光定量PCR检测SGIV 主要衣壳蛋白MCP的转录表达水平,也没有明显变化,提示该基因对SGIV在宿主细胞内的复制增殖可能没有影响。荧光定量PCR检测过表达ORF050的细胞在SGIV感染后宿主TNF/TNFR的转录水平,结果显示在感染10 h后TNF1、TNF2和TNFR2的表达量升高了2～3倍,而TNFR1的表达量没有明显变化,说明SGIV可能通过ORF050来调节细胞TNF和TNFR的表达,从而逃避宿主的免疫攻击。 相似文献
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Lai YS John JA Lin CH Guo IC Chen SC Fang K Lin CH Chang CY 《Journal of fish diseases》2003,26(1):31-42
Four tropical marine fish cell lines have been established from the eye, fin, heart and swim bladder of grouper, Epinephelus awoara (Temminck & Schlegel). Optimum media and temperature conditions for maximum growth were standardized. The eye and swim bladder cells were mostly epithelial, but the fin and heart cells were mostly fibroblastic. The viability of cells was 95% after 1 year of storage in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C). Besides these four cell lines, previously established grouper brain, kidney and liver cell lines were also used for a viral susceptibility study which showed that all the cell lines were sensitive to grouper iridovirus, whereas only brain, fin and liver cell lines were susceptible to the yellow grouper nervous necrosis virus (a nodavirus). Electron microscopy studies of the grouper irido- and nodaviruses in ultrathin sections of infected cells showed an abundance of viral particles in the cytoplasm of the virus-infected cells indicating the effective replication of these two viruses. It is suggested that these cell lines can be used for the isolation of putative fish specific viruses and provide a valuable tool to study the mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions. Furthermore, these cell lines upon transfection, using pEGFP-C1 and pEGFP-aMT2.5 (ayu metallothionein promoter), produced significant fluorescent signals indicating their utility for exogenous studies. 相似文献
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Molecular characterization was carried out on an iridovirus isolated from yellow grouper, Epinephelus awoara . The major capsid protein (MCP) gene was located, sequenced and compared with homologous genes from other iridoviruses. The nucleotide sequence is 1392 bases long and contains a single open reading frame beginning at an ATG codon from the 5' end and terminating at a TAA codon at the 3' end. The open reading frame encodes a protein of 463 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 50 272 Da. Pairwise amino acid alignments detected a high degree of sequence identity between grouper iridovirus (GIV) MCP and the homologous genes of other iridoviruses. The MCP gene of GIV was most similar to the MCP gene from frog virus 3 (FV3) with 70% nucleotide and 73% amino acid sequence identity. The predicted molecular weight of the protein of this gene is comparable with the apparent weight obtained by SDS–PAGE. Pathogenicity of the GIV was investigated in yellow grouper by intraperitoneal injection of 107 and 104 TCID50 virus. Cumulative mortalities reached 100% within 11 and 25 days post-infection, respectively, while no grouper died in the control group. The molecular studies demonstrated that GIV is a member of the genus Ranavirus . 相似文献
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Tien-Hsuan Lu Chi-Yun Chen Ying-Fei Yang Chung-Min Liao 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(10):1155-1165
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection in susceptible grouper larvae has been reported to cause high mortalities, leading to great economic losses in aquaculture industry. Although the effects of NNV vaccines on grouper have been broadly investigated, vaccination strategies have not been fully established. To this end, we introduced the parsimonious epidemiological models that explored the assessment of key epidemiological parameters and how they changed when vaccinations showed the effects. We showed that the models capture the published cumulative mortality data accurately. We estimated a basic reproduction number R0 = 2.44 for NNV transmission in grouper larvae without vaccination. To effectively control NNV transmission by vaccination, a model for disease control was also generalized to attain the goals of controlled reproduction number less than 1. Our results indicated that at least 60% of grouper population needed to be immunized for ~75 min. Our data-driven modelling approach that links the transmission dynamics of NNV and vaccination strategies for grouper has the potential to support evidence-based planning and adaptation of integrated control measures. We encourage that the epidemiology-based framework introduced here can be further implemented for establishing effective vaccination and mitigation actions aimed at controlling diseases in fish farming practices. 相似文献
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新加坡石斑鱼虹彩病毒(singapore grouper iridovirus,SGIV)是一种严重的能引起全身性疾病的病原体,对石斑鱼养殖造成了重大的经济损失。将含有SGIV感染细胞多肽ICP46(infected cell polypeptides 46)基因的真核表达载体pEGFP-ICP46转染到胖头鲤细胞(fathead minnow cells,FHM)中进行融合表达,用荧光显微镜观察到ICP46-GFP融合蛋白主要分布于FHM细胞的细胞质中。根据SGIVICP46的序列,设计并体外化学合成了特异性干扰SGIVICP46的siRNA(siRNA-ICP46),与pEGFP-ICP46共转染到FHM细胞中,通过荧光显微镜观察不同时间点荧光强度的变化。转染后24～48h,实验细胞(共转染siRNA-ICP46和pEGFP-ICP46)和阳性对照细胞(共转染siRNA-GFP和pEGFP-ICP46)中的荧光微弱,发荧光的细胞数量较阴性对照(共转染siRNA-Negative和pEGFP-ICP46)少70%左右,但其后实验细胞和阳性对照细胞的荧光强度开始增强,在转染后72h其与阴性对照组已差别不大。说... 相似文献