东平湖刀鲚生物学参数、单位补充量渔获量及产卵亲体量评估     

丛旭日  董贯仓  李秀启  王晴晴  冷春梅  高云芳  任一平 《中国水产科学》2023,30(10):1236-1245

为完善东平湖刀鲚(Coilia nasus)的基础生物学数据, 并为实现其资源的可持续利用提供技术指导和理论依据, 本研究根据 2021—2023 年东平湖定置三层多目刺网调查获得的刀鲚体长、体重数据, 利用 ELEFAN_GA 技术对刀鲚的生长和死亡参数进行估算, 拟合 Von Bertalanffy (VBGF)生长方程, 构建了基于体长结构的单位补充量渔获量(YPR)和单位补充量产卵亲体量(SSBPR)模型。结果显示, 东平湖刀鲚体长范围为 4.9~26.2 cm, 平均体长为 (12.2±2.4) cm, 体重范围 1.1~51.8 g, 平均体重为(6.6±4.5) g; 使用基于 bootstrap 的 ELEFAN_GA 方法估算刀鲚渐进体长 L_∞=31.65 cm, 生长速率 K=0.66, 理论生产起点年龄 t₀= ‒0.23, 季节性生产振幅 C=0.65, 1 年中生产最快的时间段 t_s=0.40; 刀鲚的总死亡系数 Z=2.71, 自然死亡系数 M=1.074, 捕捞死亡系数 F=1.641、开发率 E=0.604, 平均选择体长 L₅₀=9.15 cm; YPR 模型结果显示, 随着 F 增大, YPR 值呈现先上升后下降的趋势, 生物学参考点 F_0.1 和 F_max 的值分别为 0.978 和 2.204; SSBPR 模型结果显示随着捕捞强度的增大, SSBPR 呈下降趋势, 现阶段捕捞强度介于 F_20%(2.848)与 F_40%(1.065)之间, 略大于 F_35%(1.286)。综上所述, 东平湖刀鲚生长表现出明显的季节性变化规律, 在与其他地理群体对比中, 东平湖刀鲚在生物学参数上的差异体现了其生长过程的空间异质性, K 值最大表明其可以用最短的时间生长到接近极限体长, 说明东平湖饵料丰富, 而同时较高的开发率和较低的开捕体长则表明目前东平湖刀鲚已处于过度开发状态, SSBPR 曲线得出现阶段捕捞强度小于极限值 F_20%, 略大于生物学参考点 F_35%。研究结果表明, 为使东平湖刀鲚资源达到生态、经济效益平衡, 可在适当减少渔船数量以降低捕捞强度的情况下, 通过增大网目尺寸以增加开捕体长来保持其可持续发展。  相似文献   

东海区刺鲳生长、死亡及资源利用状况评价   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

胡芬 《水产学报》2006,30(5):622-668

利用2001-2005年东海区26°30′～32°30′N，禁渔区线外200水深以浅的东海区大陆架海域底层拖网调查资料和生物学测定资料，利用ELEFAN I软件估算生长参数，拟合von-Bertalanffy生长方程,估算死亡系数，利用Beverton和Holt模型评价资源利用状况。研究结果表明：东海刺鲳的Von Bertalanffy生长方程的生长参数为:L_∞ =267.8 mm；K=0.45/a；t₀=-0.63 a。从生长速度看其生长过程是变化的，小时生长较快，当叉长达到178.5 mm时生长速度开始下降，此时年龄为1.81 a。利用Pauly公式和詹秉义等推导的M和最大年龄t_λ的线性回归方程求得自然死亡系数M=0.81，用FiSAT II软件中的长度变换渔获曲线法、BH模式和用CPUE估算总死亡系数，得到Z=3.87，捕捞死亡系数F=3.06。根据Beverton和Holt的单位补充量等渔获量曲线，现行渔业点即F=3.06，t_c=1.10 a位于最适产量区内，表明目前对刺鲳的资源利用较为合理，接近最大产量。保持目前的捕捞强度F=3.06和捕捞规格L_c=145 mm不变，不仅能够保持目前渔获量稳定，而且能够保护刺鲳的资源。刺鲳渔获量稳定且缓慢增长的重要原因在于开捕年龄较为合理，也就是网目尺寸较为合适，这对东海区主要经济鱼类资源的管理和保护具有很大的借鉴作用。  相似文献   

肌注和口服氟苯尼考在中华鳖体内残留分析及药代动力学   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10  

朱丽敏 《水产学报》2006,30(4):515-519

研究不同给药条件下，氟苯尼考在中华鳖体内的残留及药代动力学特征。健康中华鳖160只，随机分为2组，按30 mg·kg^-1剂量分别单次肌注或口服氟苯尼考，高效液相色谱法测定中华鳖血浆和肌肉药物残留浓度，利用3P87药代动力学软件分析数据。肌注和口服时均符合一室开放模型；肌注给药的动力学方程C=16.72(e^-0.15t-e^0.52t) ，主要药代动力学参数：AUC=76.45 μg·mL^-1·h^-1，吸收半衰期（T_1/2Ka）=1.31 h，半衰期(T_1/2Ke)=4.48 h，最高血药浓度C_max=7.09 μg·L^-1；口服给药的动力学 方程为C=39.99(e^-0.19t-e^0.4t)，主要药代动力学参数：AUC=109.42 μg·mL^-1·h^-1，吸收半衰期（T_1/2Ka）=1.73 h，半衰期(T_1/2Ke)=3.63 h，最高血药浓度C_max=10.64 〗μg·L^-1。实验结果表明，氟苯尼考口服情况下，在中华鳖体内吸收快，血药浓度高，维持时间长，生物利用度高；药物在肌肉中消除缓慢。  相似文献   

倾斜状态对V形网板水动力和周围流场特征的影响     

刘景彬  唐浩  许柳雄  刘志强  邹柏强  初文华 《中国水产科学》2022,29(5):755-769

为了探究 V 形网板在各种工作姿态下水动力特性的变化规律, 作者采用数值模拟(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)方法对比了 4 个展弦比(0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7)和 4 个板面夹角(16°、19°、22°、25°)的网板的水动力性能, 遴选出水动力性能最佳的 V 形网板, 并分析其在不同姿态下, 前后倾和内外倾分别为 5°、10°、15°、20°时的水动力系数、周围流场分布和表面压力变化规律, 结果表明：(1)展弦比 λ=0.7、板面夹角 Γ=16°的 V 形网板(13 号网板)的水动力性能最优, 升力系数在冲角为 37.5°时最大, 为 1.482, 冲角为 10°时扩张效率最大。(2)随着冲角的增大, 13 号网板迎流面的压力逐渐增大, 网板迎流面和背流面的速度差亦呈增大趋势。(3) 13 号网板发生不同程度的前后倾或内外倾时, 升力系数降低, 阻力系数则随着倾角的增大而减小。(4)当网板发生内外倾斜时, 随着倾角的增加, 迎流面压力中心向网板前端移动, 网板中心面后涡旋变化不明显; 当网板前后倾斜时, 网板迎流面压力分布变化明显, 即随着倾角的增加, 压力中心分别逐渐向前端上下两侧移动, 并且网板中心面后涡旋逐渐变小。本研究结果可以为预测不同工作姿态网板水动力特性变化, 调整网板稳定性提供科学参考。  相似文献   

厄尔尼诺事件对西北太平洋柔鱼种群动态的影响          下载免费PDF全文

隋芯  汪金涛  陈新军  雷林 《水产学报》2022,46(8):1345-1356

为了解西北太平洋柔鱼资源量变动与气候变化如厄尔尼诺事件等的关系，实验假设尼诺指数 (oceanic Ni?o index，ONI)影响柔鱼种群动态参数内禀自然增长率 (intrinsic rate of growth, r)和最大环境容纳量 (carrying capacity, K)并分别建立4种剩余产量模型 (SP、E_r-EDSP、E_K-EDSP、E_r- E_K-EDSP)探索厄尔尼诺事件影响下西北太平洋柔鱼的种群资源状态变化趋势。结果发现, E_r-EDSP、E_K-EDSP、E_r-E_K-EDSP等3个加入气候因子模型的偏差信息准则 (deviance information criterion，DIC)值小于传统剩余产量模型的DIC值，其中E_r-E_K-EDSP模型DIC值最小，模型精度最高，估计的最大可持续产量 (maximum sustainable yield，MSY)为39.26×10⁴ t。1994—2017年，北太平洋柔鱼的捕捞死亡率 (F_t) 低于目标死亡率 (F_tar)和MSY水平下的捕捞死亡率 (F_MSY)，2017年种群资源量小于MSY水平资源量 (B_MSY)。研究表明，西北太平洋柔鱼种群资源可能正处于过度捕捞阶段。该研究结果可为西北太平洋柔鱼的可持续开发提供建议。  相似文献   

槲皮素拮抗草鱼呼肠孤病毒感染的药物学研究     

付静  吕利群 《中国水产科学》2022,29(11):1659-1668

前期研究发现槲皮素(Quercetin, Qct)在体外对 I、II、III 型草鱼呼肠孤病毒(grass carp reovirus, GCRV)均有抑制效果。为进一步阐明 Qct 在草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)中拮抗 GCRV 的临床应用潜力, 本研究应用草鱼细胞系测定 Qct 对 I 型 GCRV 的半数有效抑制浓度(EC₅₀), 并利用高效液相色谱法研究 Qct 在草鱼中的药代动力学特征, 在稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)模型中评估 Qct 药效。结果显示, Qct 对 GCRV 的 EC₅₀ 为 4.796 μg/mL; 草鱼单次口灌 20、40、60 mg/kg Qct 粗提物, 48 h 后血液中最大峰值浓度(C_max)分别为 0.129 μg/mL、0.583 μg/mL、0.666 μg/mL; 肝胰脏中 C_max 分别为 3.822 μg/g、5.386 μg/g、6.252 μg/g; 肾脏中 C_max 分别为 2.437 μg/g、3.140 μg/g、3.447 μg/g。 血液中 Qct 的 C_max 远低于 EC₅₀, 40 mg/kg 或 60 mg/kg 槲皮素处理组肝胰腺中的 C_max 高于 EC₅₀。II 型 GCRV 稀有鮈鲫感染模型中, qRT-PCR 显示 Qct 可以抑制病鱼各组织内病毒的复制; 组织病理切片显示 Qct 能减少炎症反应。 综上, Qct 不但抑制 GCRV 复制, 也可能通过降低炎症反应发挥抗病毒作用, 从而降低死亡率, 40 mg/kg 的剂量可以保障 Qct 在草鱼体内的抗病毒活性。  相似文献   

岱衢洋和官井洋大黄鱼自交与杂交子代生长性能及杂交优势分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李明云  胡玉珍  苗亮  陈炯  史雨红  薛良义  徐万土 《水产学报》2010,34(6):679-684

2007年3月至2008年8月对象山港海区网箱养殖的岱衢洋、官井洋大黄鱼自交以及正反向杂交子代进行生长特性观察。结果表明:整个实验过程(0~526 d),官井洋大黄鱼自交子代(GG)和反交子代(GD)(官井洋♀×岱衢洋♂)大黄鱼较岱衢洋自交子代(DD)和正交子代(DG)(岱衢洋♀×官井洋♂)大黄鱼生长快,到526 d实验结束时,GG和GD体重分别达到330.514 g和336.694 g,而DD和DG则仅为278.975 g和243.297 g。对其各阶段生长速度分析,发现虽然一龄DD生长较慢,但过冬后DD生长明显加快,体长增长速度超过其他各群子代,体重增长也达到GG和GD增长水平,即有后期增长潜能。对比各群子代肥满度发现,526 d时,DD肥满度最低(1.675),GD肥满度(1.779)虽高于DD,但显著小于GG(1.933)。鉴于GD生长速度高于DD,与GG相当,而体型又优于GG,认为GD具有较大的经济养殖和优良品种选育的潜力。拟合各阶段体长体重数据,得出各群体生长曲线公式如下,DD:W=0.0206L^2.9427, R²=0.9949;GG:W=0.0139L^3.0994,R²=0.9785;DG:W=0.0229L^2.9136,R²=0.9905;GD:W=0.0177L^3.0079,R²=0.9949,拟合度较好,可通过体长估算体重,应用于实际生产。  相似文献   

Transcriptome Analysis of Pacific White Shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)Hepatopancreas in Response to Taura Syndrome Virus(TSV)Experimental Infection     

Digang Zeng  Xiuli Chen  Daxiang Xie  Yongzhen Zhao  Chunling Yang  Yongmei Li  Ning Ma  Min Peng  Qiong Yang  Zhenping Liao  Hui Wang  Xiaohan Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)

  相似文献   

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean          下载免费PDF全文

Kuo‐Wei Lan  Ming‐An Lee  Chin‐Pei Chou  Ali Haghi Vayghan 《Fisheries Oceanography》2018,27(5):395-407

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

Rare serotype occurrence and PFGE genotypic diversity of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from tilapia in China     

Liping Li  Rui Wang  Wanwen Liang  Xi Gan  Ting Huang  Yan Huang  Jian Li  Yunliang Shi  Honglin Luo  Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)

Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a Fast Method Based on the Presence of Two Restriction Sites in the Mitochondrial ND5 (mt ND5) Gene for the Identification of Scomber Species     

Iciar Martinez  Amaya Velasco  Ricardo Pérez-Martín  Eskil Forås  Michiaki Yamashita  Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus.  相似文献   

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide     

Chen‐Ying Wang  Zhong‐Bao Li 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(2):296-305

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

Purification and partial characterization of GtHs (cfLH and cfFSH) from Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) (L.) and development of a homologous ELISA for cfLH     

Shrabanti Sarkar  Panchanan Nath 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(6):879-896

Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL^?1 (1.25 ng well^?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection          下载免费PDF全文

G Sharon  M Pimenta‐Leibowitz  M C L Vilchis  N Isakov  D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74

Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg^?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

The effects of dietary astaxanthin on intestinal health of juvenile tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes in terms of antioxidative status,inflammatory response and microbiota     

Weihao Ou  Zhangbin Liao  Guijuan Yu  Houguo Xu  Mengqing Liang  Kangsen Mai  Yanjiao Zhang 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(2):466-476

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The optimal dietary protein level of juvenile silver sillago Sillago sihama at three dietary lipid levels     

Qin-Cheng Huang  Di‐Gen Qin  Bei‐Ping Tan  Tao Du  Yuan-Zhi Yang  Qi-hui Yang  Shu‐Yan Chi  Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827

A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg.  相似文献   

Vitamin D3 and the renal handling of phosphate in American eels     

J. C. Fenwick  M. G. Vermette 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,7(1-6):351-358

Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D₃) increased plasma inorganic phosphate concentration in American eels,Anguilla rostrata, in a dose-dependent fashion. This response was more marked in phosphate loaded fish. In control as well as phosphate loaded eels the hyperphosphatemic response to D₃ was associated with a sharp reduction in renal phosphate clearance relative to¹⁴C-polyethelene glycol (PEG) clearance. Glomerular filtration and urine flow rates were not affected by D₃. As renal phosphate clearance, even in phosphate loaded eels, never significantly exceeded that of PEG, it is suggested that D₃ reduced the relative clearance rate of phosphate by increasing renal phosphate reabsorption rather than by reducing the tubular secretion of phosphate.  相似文献