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自海湾扇贝(Argopectenirradians)受精后第10天起,定期取一定量海湾扇贝幼虫,分别置于不同浓度梯度的KCl、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、L-DOPA、5-羟色胺、GABA、茶碱和咖啡因等8种诱导物中,处理时间为8h。实验后第14天取出幼虫观察显示,这8种诱导物对不同发育天数海湾扇贝幼虫的变态有着不同的诱导作用。13.42×10-3和20.13×10-3mol/L的KCl对第12天幼虫的变态有抑制作用,变态提高率为负值;当幼虫发育至第13和14天时,上述两浓度的KCl能够明显诱导幼虫变态,变态率均提高20%以上,而对于第16天的幼虫诱导作用有所减弱,变态提高率有所降低;26.85×10-3mol/L的KCl对第12和13天幼虫的变态均有抑制作用,变态提高率为负值,对第14和16天幼虫的变态却有明显持续的诱导作用,变态率分别提高22.98%和37.5%。神经递质肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、L-DOPA、5-羟色胺和GABA的诱导作用规律基本相似,即对第13天海湾扇贝幼虫的变态有明显的抑制作用,变态提高率均为负值,而对第14天幼虫的诱导作用较显著。茶碱和咖啡因作为影响细胞内cAMP的物质,其诱导作用规律与神经递质有所不同,对第13天海湾扇贝幼虫变态的诱导效果最好。 相似文献
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胆碱受体化合物对厚壳贻贝幼虫变态的调控作用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为研究胆碱受体在厚壳贻贝幼虫变态发育过程中的作用,通过药理学手段调查胆碱类神经递质乙酰胆碱、氯甲酰胆碱及其拮抗剂六甲双铵和阿托品对厚壳贻贝幼虫变态发育调控作用。结果显示:在24 h暴露实验中,氯甲酰胆碱在10-5~10-4mol/L浓度表现出诱导活性,乙酰胆碱则无诱导活性。在持续暴露实验中,氯甲酰胆碱在10-5~10-4mol/L浓度表现出诱导活性,乙酰胆碱在10-6~10-4mol/L浓度表现出诱导活性。在拮抗剂实验中,在10-4mol/L氯甲酰胆碱或10-4mol/L乙酰胆碱存在时,N型胆碱受体拮抗剂六甲双铵对厚壳贻贝幼虫的变态均无抑制效果,表明N型胆碱受体可能并不在幼虫的变态发育过程发挥主导作用。M型胆碱受体拮抗剂阿托品在10-4mol/L氯甲酰胆碱存在时表现出抑制作用,且测试液中幼虫的变态率降为0%,表明M型胆碱受体可能参与调控厚壳贻贝幼虫变态发育过程。在整个药理学实验过程中无死亡幼虫出现,因而氯甲酰胆碱和乙酰胆碱可作为有效诱导物来促进厚壳贻贝幼虫的变态发育,尝试应用于该种的水产养殖过程;同时本研究为厚壳贻贝变态发育调控机制的研究提供有效理论依据。 相似文献
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几种化学物质对西施舌幼虫附着和变态的诱导技术 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用添加不同化学诱导物的方法，研究了肾上腺素（EPI）、氨基丁酸(GABA)、L-多巴（L-DOPA）、Ca2+对西施舌眼点幼虫附着和变态的诱导作用，确定了化学诱导物
最佳诱导浓度。结果表明,EPI对西施舌附着和变态的诱导效果最为显著，当EPI浓度为10-4 mol·L-1时，附着率及变态率分别为88.3％及92.8％，同时成活率也高达98.14％；GABA亦有较好的诱导效果，当GABA浓度为10-5 mol·L-1，附着率及变态率分别为86.9％及87.6％；L-DOPA能诱导西施舌眼点幼虫变态，当L-DOPA浓度为10-6 mol·L-1时，变态率达73.3％，附着率达84.9%. Ca2+最适宜浓度为20 mmol·L-1时，附着率、变态率及成活率分别为86.1％、42.8％和87.4％。以上4种化合物最适宜浓度诱导作用时，西施舌幼虫的附着率和变态率均显著高于对照组。实验还对Ca2+在西施舌大规模人工育苗中的诱导作用进行探讨。 相似文献
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为了得到壳型规则、大小均一的单体牡蛎,本研究采用肾上腺素对岩牡蛎单体苗种生产的诱导条件进行研究,阐明了岩牡蛎单体苗种的最适诱导浓度、诱导时间和诱导密度。结果显示,肾上腺素能显著诱导岩牡蛎幼虫的不固着变态,最适诱导浓度为5×10–5 mol/L,最适诱导时间为1 h,提高诱导浓度和延长诱导时间导致岩牡蛎幼虫的不固着变态率、稚贝壳高和存活率显著降低;肾上腺素对低于8个/mL幼虫密度的诱导效果差异不显著,但稚贝壳高和存活率在8个/mL的培育密度下显著低于0.5～4个/mL,研究表明利用肾上腺素诱导岩牡蛎单体时,可大批量处理眼点幼虫,但稚贝充气培养的最适培养密度应不高于4个/mL。 相似文献
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为研究GABA及其受体拮抗剂荷包牡丹碱（GABAA受体）和CGP52432 （GABAB受体）在厚壳贻贝幼虫附着变态中的调控作用,实验通过分析厚壳贻贝不同发育阶段幼虫转录组数据获得GABA受体相关蛋白基因（GABARAP）和GABAB2受体基因(GABAB2R),发现GABAB2R在变态前期的眼点幼虫阶段相较于其他阶段幼体显著高表达。通过实时荧光定量PCR验证也得到相似的表达模式,显示GABAB2R可能参与调控厚壳贻贝幼虫变态发育。药理学实验结果显示,10-4 mol/L GABA对厚壳贻贝幼虫的变态具有诱导活性（27.2%±3.0%）。在拮抗剂实验中,10-6～10-4 mol/L荷包牡丹碱和CGP52432均显著抑制了厚壳贻贝幼虫变态,且抑制作用随浓度升高而增强。实验还发现GABA及其受体拮抗剂都抑制了厚壳贻贝幼虫的游泳行为。研究表明,GABAA或GABA... 相似文献
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6-二甲基氨基嘌呤诱导泥蚶三倍体实验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2001年5月,用6-DMAP抑制泥蚶受精卵第二极体的释放诱导三倍体的产生。实验设三个6-DMAP浓度梯度,分别为300μmol/L、450μmol/L、600μmol/L,处理时机为受精卵第一极排放体30％,处理持续时间为10min。结果:三倍体诱导率300μmol/L时为35.5％,450μmol/L时为48.6％,600μmol/L时约为58.5％,另外本实验还就6-DMAP浓度对D形幼虫孵化率和畸形率的影响以及在染色体制片过程中的有关问题进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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藤壶Amphibalanus(=Balanus)amphitrite是典型的海洋污损生物,藤壶金星幼虫受外源信号的指引,寻找到合适的附着地点才能进行附着和变态。针对前期发现的有一定诱导活性的4种单糖Man、Xyl、Glc和Fuc,该研究利用正交试验研究其对藤壶金星幼虫附着的影响。结果发现,单糖组合对藤壶金星幼虫附着具有显著性影响,Man(5.00×10^-8 mol/L)、Glc(1.25×10^-8 mol/L)、Xyl(1.25×10^-8 mol/L)和Fuc(1.90×10^-7 mol/L)为最优组合。组合中4种单糖的影响力由高到低依次是Man>Fuc>Glc>Xyl,且Man、Fuc和Glc的影响具有显著性,Xyl对幼虫附着影响不大。添加单糖除了影响金星幼虫的附着率以外,更重要的是能显著缩短幼虫附着的时间进程。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Qin-Cheng Huang Di‐Gen Qin Bei‐Ping Tan Tao Du Yuan-Zhi Yang Qi-hui Yang Shu‐Yan Chi Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献
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William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献