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1.
水产养殖中的水环境特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In order to guide fish farmers to understand water environment as they affect aquaculture, in this paper, the characteristics of the environmental factors including physical factors, chemical factors and so on in aquaculture water are described in detail. Meanwhile, the effects of those factors on aquaculture production are also discussed. 相似文献
2.
摄食促进剂对对虾生长的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
IntroductionMeasures to assure that all feed offered to animals in commercial operation is consumed and to reduceformulated feed waste pollution,have been considered as some of the most relevant for lowering productioncosts in aquaculture.Considering the importance of chemical stimulant in development of the crustacean lifecircle,it is logical to assume that by adding attractants to the feed,the animal would rapidly find potentialfeed and ingest it.Additionally,measures involving the incorpora… 相似文献
3.
AndersAksnes JanPettersen 《海洋水产研究》2001,22(4):64-70
IntroductionThe objective of the project was to deal with polluting problems connected with the feed quality andaquaculture.‘Feed quality’is defined by the quality of the feed ingredients with reference to the biologicaloutcome in the feeding period with special emphasis on the feed digestibility.Pollution is caused by the uneat-en feed and the undigested feed excreted with the faeces.These are detected in the surroundings (e.g.the ma-rine environment) and occur as organic pollution.The exp… 相似文献
4.
对虾免疫机能研究概况 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
Shrimp farming is an important source of revenue and employment in many developing countries.However, infectious diseases have adversely affected the profitability of shrimp industry. For this reason, disease prevention is a priority and shrimp immunology has become a crucial research area of this field. In this paper, the current importance and problems of shrimp-culture were described and the research advances in shrimp immunological defence mechanisms were summarized. The immunological tools are powerful and useful to evaluate the health state of the shrimp. The immunologies of shrimp mainly consist of cellular immunity and humoral immunity. In regard to cellular parameters, they are composed of haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC) and reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). The immunity ceils exert their defence functions through phagocytizing, enveloping, etc, and the changes of THC and DHC are related to health state of shrimp. The ROIs generated during post phagocytic event which maybe an important marker to evaluate the immunological capability and phenoloxidase activity have been considered as a potential marker which is relevant to the health of the shrimp too. Concerning humoral parameters, prophenoloxidase (ProPO) and phenoloxidase,antimicrobial peptides and proteins, hemagglutinin and plasma proteins were described. The determining methods of immunity parameters were discussed. The response of shrimp to pathogens such as bacteria, virus, etc. and environmental factors such as DO, pH, etc, were also reviewed. It is well-known that the immune responses induced by immunizing crustacean or shrimp are mainly the non-specific immune responses. The potential of immunological parameters, including the changes of THC and DHC, the production of ROIs, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, antibacterial activity of plasma, and so on, to appraise the healthy state of shrimp were partly discussed. The future directions for the evaluation of the immunological capability of shrimp were proposed. 相似文献
5.
鳀鱼的生物量、渔业及其生物学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Svein A. Iversen Arne Johannessen Jin Xianshi Li Fuguo Zhao Xianyong Institute of Marine Research Bergen Institutes of Fisheries Marine Biology University of Bergen Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Instit 《海洋水产研究》2001,22(4)
IntroductionThe Yellow Sea is characterized by a shallow continental shelf. High tides and seasonally varying mon-soons,freshwater discharge from surrounding landmasses and large amounts of sediments transported intothe sea as well as the effect of the Kuroshio current have strong effects on the environment in these areas.Productivity of an ecosystem may be measured in terms of abundance of the adult population and recruitmentof new year classes.Japanese anchovy(Engraulis jap onicus) is cons… 相似文献
6.
水产养殖动物基因组研究的现状及其应用前景 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The genomic resources from human and several model organisms have been increased very fast since 1990. The techniques for developing genomic resources have already been very advanced and smart. These could make scientists see and improve organism in genomic level. For Chinese aquaculture scientists and aquatic industry, developing genomic resources and genetic tools for the native species are most important in the genomic era. The genomic resources and genetic tools for several aquatic species have been developed and some of them have been used in the marker based selection and other researches. The genome research work on aquaculture species was reviewed in this paper, especially a USDA genome project was focused. Some functional genomic research for aquatic animal was also discussed here. The importance and necessity of China aquaculture species genome project were discussed. Common carp and other cultured fishes in Cyprinidae such as grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp etc were recommended as the candidate species for genome research, because the output of all carps is almost up to 1/3 of total fisheries output in China. Common carp with another virtue for genome research is that there are much more families and strains in common carp than those in other cultured species in China, and those families and strains are the basis for genome research and mapping quantitative trait loci associated with important economic trait. Although the first linkage map of common carp made by Sun needs to be added with more markers for mapping QTL and Type I markers ,it has laid the groundwork for QTL mapping and markerassisted selection in common carp. Because the model organism zebrafish and common carp, grass carp and other carps cultured in China all belong to Cyprinidae, the China carp genome research will obtain a lot of useful information from zebrafish genome research. How the China carp genome program will be conducted and what kinds of strategy involved in this program were all suggested. How the results of the genome research of aquaculture species will be used in the aquaculture industry was reviewed and analyzed here. 相似文献
7.
The yeast cell wall is recovered as a by-product during the
production of soluble extracts from brewer's yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae).It is made up
predominantry of glucan,mannan oligsaccharides,glucoprotein and chitin polymers.The glucan
is a homopolimer of glucose linked through β—(1→3)and β—(1→6) D glycosidic
bonds.The therapeutic effect of glucan has been primarily due to stimulation of
reticuloendothelial system(RES).Studies have demonnstrated the effect of glucan in
improving host resistancee by enhancing immunty to certain malingant tumors as well as to
certain bacterial and viral infections.MOS's acts in the gut of animal capturing hostile
gut-wall-attacking bacterla like E.Coli.Cell wall can be applied in all sorts feeds,but it
is especially recommended for weaning piglets and aquaculture feeds. 相似文献
8.
动植物蛋白源替代鱼粉研究进展 总被引：42，自引：5，他引：37
With the fast development of aquaculture, fish meal needs increased in recent years, however the quantity of fish catching decreases gradually. Fishmeal is a limited feed resource, and serious concem exists on the future availability of this feedstuff for incorporation in fish diets. Undoubtedly, fish meal is well recognized as the best dietary protein source for most marine carnivorous fishes which required high dietary protein levels compared to omnivorous or herbivorous fish. Fishmeal is known for their high content of essential amino acids and fatty acids, low carbohydrates, high digestibility, low levels of anti-nutritional factors (for fresh fish meal) and is a very good source of minerals and is highly palatable. Thus fish meal is in high demand as the protein source for many formulated diets. However, production of fish meal consumes approximately 35 % of the total global fish catch, and the increasing price and potentially unstable supply in the market could be limiting factors for marine fish culture. There have been strong efforts to define and develop cost-effective protein sources that can, at least partly, substitute for expensive high-quality fish meals in least-cost feed formulations. The search for fish meal substitutes and altemative dietary protein sources is an international research priority that could be of considerable economic advantages. Therefore it is urgent task to find animal and plant protein sources in place of fish meal. Among these, plant feedstuffs have received most attention in recent years, but due to their amino acid unbalances, .presence of anti-nutritional factors and low palatability, a high level of replacement of fish meal with plant feedstuffs in omnivorous fish is generally not well accepted. This paper reviews the research status for other protein sources replacing fish meal based on available information in the literature. Animal and plant protein sources nutrient values are evaluated from the aspect of digestibility, antinutrients, physiological status and suitable supplementation. 相似文献
9.
Waste water treatment on freshwater fish farms is problematic as waste material and water flows can vary greatly on a daily
basis, and, in terms of effluent standards, fish farm effluent represents a dilute waste water output. A study was undertaken
to investigate in detail the nature of the waste outputs under field conditions. Waste water samples were split by meshes
into the following size ranges: >200μm, 200-100μm, 100-60μm, 60-30μm and <30μm. Waste water quality parameters, suspended
solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and total phosphorus (TP) were examined for each size range at two freshwater fish farm sites in Scotland, as part of a
wider investigation into waste water quality of aquaculture operations. Results indicated that during periods of peak waste
output i.e. tank cleaning, approximately 80% of BOD5 and SS was present in a particle size range of 100-60μm, but only 66% of TP transport occurred in this size range. At other
times, low levels (≤40%) of entrapment of wastes by the chosen meshes was observed, suggesting a reversion to predominantly
dissolved material transport. Compared against a larger data set of outflow concentrations obtained from another section of
the study, maximum removal rates of 46%, 48% and 30% for BOD5, SS and TP respectively were determined. The implications for waste water treatment at fish farms are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Based on the Rice Fish Concurrent living theory and pond aquaculture high yield technology, combining Rice Fish Concurrent Farming technique in the model of pit pond aquaculture and the Rice Fish in turn Farming technique in the model of field pond aquaculture, the high quality and yield ecological technique model of early rice fish concurrent farming and late complete aquaculture in paddy field was established, which contain one submodel of fingerlings farming to juvenile and another submodel of juvenile fish farming to adult fish. The model demonstration base covering 20 hm2 paddy field was established in Songyang village, Gechuan town, Liancheng county of Fujian province. Production results showed： Early rice harvest average yield increased 22% very significantly （P 〈 0. 01 ） in both submodels, and 453 kg juvenile fish was produced per 667 m2 paddy field implementing the submodel of fingerlings farming to juvenile fish, whose production value and profit were 5 182￥ and 1 662 ￥ RMB, respectively, and were very significantly increased 2.5 times and 3.7 times （P 〈 0.01 ） respectively than planting only two harvests paddy without aquacuhure; 710 kg adult fish was produced per 667 m2 paddy field implementing the suhmodel of juvenile fish farming to adult fish, whose production value and profit were 6 428￥ and 2 005 ￥ RMB, respectively, and were very significantly increased 3.2 times and 4.7 times （P 〈 0. 01 ） respectively than planting only two harvests paddy without aquaculture; There were good economic, social and ecological benefit. 相似文献
11.
Utilization of fermented soybean meal for fishmeal substitution in diets of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) 
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下载免费PDF全文 N. Van Nguyen L. Hoang T. Van Khanh P. Duy Hai L. T. Hung 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2018,24(3):1092-1100
Two feeding experiments were carried out to evaluate the utilization of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) in diets for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The digestibility experiment was assessed with four diets: a reference diet and three ingredient test diets containing FSBM, local and Chilean fishmeal. The growth experiment was conducted including four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets formulated to contain the graded levels of dietary fishmeal (0 g/kg, 150 g/kg, 300 g/kg and 450 g/kg) substituted by FSBM. The results indicated that ADCs of crude protein in FSBM were high (888.4 g/kg) and equal in local fishmeal but little lower than Chilean fishmeal while without any significant differences observed in ADCs of crude lipid among the different test ingredients. After 75 days of growth trial, survival rates and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different among the experimental treatments. However, shrimp fed the diets with increasing inclusions of FSBM had a tendency to reduce weight gain and specific growth rate. Based on the correlation between weight gain and substituted fishmeal level analysed by broken‐line regression, the optimum level of fishmeal replaced by FSBM in diet was 253.6 g/kg without adverse effects on growth and feed utilization of Pacific white shrimp. 相似文献
12.
This study compared the nutritional profiles of menhaden fishmeal and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) testes meal and investigated the nutritional values of the testes meal based on its effect on palatability, digestibility and growth performance of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The testes meal replaced 0–91% of fishmeal protein in a control diet containing 150 g kg−1 fishmeal. Replacement of 69% of the fishmeal protein in the control diet significantly increased feed intake of shrimp from 0.61% to 1.10%. The apparent digestibility coefficient of dietary protein increased significantly when 91% of the fishmeal protein was replaced by the testes meal. Replacement of dietary fishmeal protein with up to 46% testes meal protein did not cause adverse effects on growth rate or nutritional composition of tail muscle. However, growth rate was significantly decreased in shrimp fed diets in which 69% or 91% of fishmeal protein was replaced by the testes meal. Results of this study indicate that the testes meal can be used as a feed additive to enhance the palatability and protein digestibility of low fishmeal diets for shrimp. It can replace up to 46% of fishmeal protein without any adverse effect on the growth performance of shrimp. 相似文献
13.
Mahbuba Bulbul Md. Abdul Kader Shunsuke Koshio Manabu Ishikawa Saichiro Yokoyama 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(5):848-858
A feeding trial was conducted to assess the nutritional values of canola meal as a substitute for fishmeal in diets for kuruma shrimp using five isocaloric diets (190 kJ kg?1) prepared by replacing 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of fishmeal protein with canola meal protein in CM0, CM10, CM20, CM30 and CM40 diets respectively. Triplicate groups of juveniles (0.19 g) were fed the respective diets for 60 days in tanks. At the end of trial, weight gain (%) and specific growth rate (% day?1) were not significantly (P > 0.05) different among shrimp fed CM0, CM10 and CM20 diets. However, growth was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in shrimp fed CM30 and CM40 diets. As with growth performance, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were also decreased (P < 0.05) in CM30 and CM40 groups. Whole body dry matter, methionine and proline were significantly decreased with canola meal substitution levels. In general, retention efficiency of protein and indispensible amino acids were decreased as canola meal increased in diets. It may be concluded that 20% fishmeal protein can be successfully replaced with canola meal, while supplementation of amino acids or blending with complementary proteins could facilitate higher fishmeal replacements in kuruma shrimp diets. 相似文献
14.
Evaluation of amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) protein sources as partial substitutes for fish meal in Litopenaeus vannamei grow‐out diets 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Two groups of isonitrogenous diets formulated by replacing 15%, 25%, 35% and 45% of fish meal protein by amaranth meal and quinoa meal were used to evaluate the performance of Litopenaeus vannamei. Growth showed significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the group of shrimp fed with amaranth diets, with diet A15 showing the best specific growth rate (SGR = 2.81% day?1), but after the control diet AQ0 (3.07% day?1). Diet A15 had significantly (P < 0.05) the best digestibility of dry matter (79.7%) and protein (88.4%) without differences compared to control diet AQ0 (75.1% and 85.2%). Replacement with quinoa meal at any level tested did not significantly affect (P > 0.05) the shrimp growth performance. Shrimp fed with quinoa diets showed better SGR (3.05% day?1) than those shrimp fed with amaranth (2.56% day?1). No differences in feed conversion ratio appeared in either of the protein sources, but quinoa diets presented a better average (3.13) than amaranth diets (4.01). The apparent digestibility of dry matter and protein for quinoa diets was similar for all diets, but they were statistically different (P < 0.05) from the control diet. We conclude that quinoa meal can replace fishmeal up to 45%, whereas it can be replaced with amaranth meal up to 15%, without adverse effects on growth and survival. 相似文献
15.
The effects of protein restriction in the diet with subsequent realimentation on growth responses of juvenile Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis (initial mean wet weight 1.347 g), were investigated. The control group (Group C) was fed an adequate diet containing 44.6% crude protein and 18.5 kJ gross energy/g dry matter throughout the experiment. For treatment Groups T15 and T30, in the restriction phase (weeks 1–2) dietary crude protein contents were reduced to 15.0% and 29.3%, respectively, with constant energy supply, while in the realimentation phase (weeks 3–6) they were supplied with the same diet as the control group. Protein restriction led to significant decrease in specific growth rates and body weight of shrimp. However, when the shrimp were transferred from protein restriction to realimentation, they had significantly increased specific growth rates in terms of dry matter, protein and energy (SGRd, SGRp and SGRe) compared with the control shrimp. At the end of the experiment, the shrimp in Group T30 achieved complete growth compensation, while those in Group T15 were still significantly smaller than the controls. As dietary protein levels reduced, feed conversion efficiencies and apparent protein digestibility decreased, but feed intake and protein efficiency ratio increased. The shrimp responded to a change from protein restriction to realimentation by displaying improved feed conversion efficiencies (FCEd, FCEp and FCEe) compared with the controls, although those in Group T15 delayed in showing the enhanced FCE values. In the initial 2-week realimentation, the shrimp in Group T15 showed significantly higher feed intake, and lower apparent digestibility of dry matter and protein than those of the controls. There was no significant difference in protein efficiency ratio among all groups in the realimentation phase. The above results suggest that compensatory growth in Group T30 is mainly dependent on improved feed conversion efficiencies, while that in Group T15 is attributable to both improved feed conversion efficiencies and increasing feed intake. After 2-week restriction, the shrimp showed lower body crude protein, lipid and energy content, and higher moisture and ash content than the controls. However, during the course of realimentation, the differences between the previously protein restricted shrimp and the controls diminished. This indicates that compensatory growth after a period of protein restriction in juvenile Chinese shrimp was accompanied by a complete recovery in body composition and energy content. 相似文献
16.
The effects of protein source and nutrient density on growth efficiency, nutrient digestibility and plasma amino acid concentrations of rainbow trout were evaluated. A 3 by 2 factorial treatment design with three protein sources, fish meal–barley (F–B), plant concentrates (PC) and plant meals (PM), and two nutrient densities were used. A commercial reference diet was also fed. Triplicate tanks of 30 fish (initial wt. 28 g) were fed each diet, and the final weight averaged 240 g fish−1. Protein source and nutrient density affected feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Weight gain of trout fed the PC and PM diets was approximately 10% less than fish fed the F–B diets. Protein retention was affected by protein source, but not nutrient density, and was the highest for the fish fed diets containing fish meal and the lowest for the fish fed PM diets. Apparent digestibility coefficients and apparent amino acid availabilities of the diets corresponded with differences in weight gain. This study provides further evidence that growth rates of trout fed fish meal‐free diets, using conventional and concentrated plant protein ingredients, are good but some limitation to growth exists in the fish meal‐free diets. 相似文献
17.
Partial and total replacement of fishmeal by a blend of animal and plant proteins in diets for Seriola dumerili: Effects on performance and nutrient efficiency 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 R. Monge‐Ortiz A. Tomás‐Vidal F.J. Gallardo‐Álvarez G. Estruch S. Godoy‐Olmos M. Jover‐Cerdá S. Martínez‐Llorens 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2018,24(4):1163-1174
A 154‐day trial was performed to assess the use of an alternative protein blend (corn gluten, krill and meat meal) as a substitute for fishmeal in diets for juvenile yellowtail, using four isolipidic (140 g/kg) and isoenergetic diets (24 MJ/kg) with the same digestible protein content (50%). The control diet was FM100, without replacement, and in FM66, FM33 and FM0, fishmeal was replaced at 33 g/kg, 66 g/kg and 100 g/kg, respectively. At the end of the experiment, no differences in growth parameters were observed. Fish fed the FM0 diet exhibited the lowest survival (23%). This high mortality may be due to different factors, such as a dietary amino acid imbalance or some antinutrient factors contained in the alternative ingredients. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio, digestible protein intake and protein efficiency ratio were similar in all diets. However, digestible energy intake and protein efficiency retention were lowest in fish fed the FM0 diet. Apparent digestibility coefficients for protein, energy and amino acids diminished as a substitution for fishmeal increased. Significant differences were observed in the diet whole‐fish body profile amino acid retention (AAR) ratio for the seven essential amino acids. In summary, total fishmeal replacement by the blend assayed was not feasible for yellowtail. The FM66 diet resulted in good growth, high survival and good nutrient efficiency. 相似文献
18.
Jingping Guo Anneleen Swanepoel Xuan Qiu Joo Reis Melanie Rhodes D. Allen Davis 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(2):490-501
A series of trials were conducted with Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, to evaluate the efficiency of two salmon meals as compared to anchovy meal. The basal diet contained 200 g/kg anchovy meal, which was systematically replaced (0%, 50%, 75% and 100%) with salmon meal on an isonitrogenous basis. Another two diets were formulated with a hydrolysed salmon meal to replace 50% and 100% anchovy meal. Each diet was randomly fed to four replicate groups of 25 and 30 shrimp per tank in clear (indoor) and green (outdoor) water trials, respectively. The results showed that growth performance and feed conversion ratio were not statistically different when salmon meal replaced anchovy meal in both trials. However, when hydrolysed salmon meal was used to replace 100% of the anchovy meal, growth performance of the shrimp significantly decreased. The four kinds of fish meal (anchovy, salmon by‐product meals and menhaden) were evaluated in an ingredient digestibility trial using the 70:30 replacement technique. In general, dry matter, energy, protein and individual amino acids digestibility of salmon meal were significantly higher than those of menhaden and anchovy meal. Results of this study demonstrated that salmon meals are a good protein sources which can replace anchovy meal. 相似文献
19.
Growth, nutrient utilisation and gastrointestinal evacuation time using different fish meal particle sizes and dietary protein concentration was examined in Atlantic salmon. Salmon were given micro, standard or coarse grounded fish meals at two dietary protein concentrations (30 or 45%) in isolipid diets. Gastric evacuation time was influenced by fish meal particle size. Coarse ground fish meal gave a slower gastric evacuation time compared to finer ground fish meal. Specific growth rate was not influenced by the protein concentration, but there was an adverse effect of coarse ground particles. This effect may be explained by the reduced feed intake of fish fed diets containing coarse ground fish meal. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) or energy conversion ratio (ECR) was reduced with increasing dietary protein concentration. This effect was mainly caused by different energy levels in the diets and not protein/carbohydrate levels. Standard coarse fish meal gave a reduction in ECR, but there was no effect of fish meal particle size on FCR. A protein sparing effect of starch was demonstrated. Productive protein value (PPV) and productive energy value (PEV) was not affected by dietary protein concentration or fish meal particle size. Dietary protein concentration had no effect on nitrogen or fat digestibility but there was a reduction in fat digestibility when coarse ground fishmeal was used in the diets. There were only minor effects on the dressing out percentage, condition factor and fat in cutlet. 相似文献
20.
Two growth trials were conducted to evaluate the nutritional quality of several soybean products as constituents in diets for the gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata (L.). In a preliminary experiment, the fish were fed six diets containing different levels of solvent extracted soybean meal as a replacement for white fishmeal at four substitution levels: 10, 20, 30 and 40% of the fishmeal protein component. The diets supported less growth as the inclusion of soybean meal increased. However, significant reductions in growth were apparent at the 30% substitution level. All growth parameters followed the same trend. In the second experiment, six diets with 35% of the total protein contributed from differently processed soybean meals were tested. The products included three industrial full-fat meals heat processed for different periods, a solvent extracted meal and a soya protein concentrate. Protein digestibility coefficients were measured for all the experimental diets. All growth parameters of the fish fed the underheated full-fat meal, solvent extracted meal and soya concentrate were significantly lower than the control group. Protein digestibility coefficients were similar with no statistical differences (P < 0.05). 相似文献