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以精巢为材料，研究了细螯沼虾有丝分裂染色体及减数分裂二价体组型。细螯沼虾染色体数目２ｎ＝１００，ｎ＝５０；有丝分裂中期染色体小，呈点状，无法进行核型分析；减数分裂双线期二价体呈棒状，着丝点清晰，染色体总臂数ＮＦ＝１７２，核型公式为Ｎ＝３０Ｍ＋６ＳＭ＋１４ＳＴ，Ｔ。此外，本文还对沼虾属的核型演化关系进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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七带石斑鱼染色体核型研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
采用PHA体内直接注射法制备了七带石斑鱼(Epinephelus septemfasciatus)头肾组织染色体标本并分析其核型。结果表明,七带石斑鱼二倍体染色体数为48,24对染色体均为端部着丝粒染色体,其染色体臂数(NF)为48,核型公式为:2n=48t,NF=48。未发现与性别相关的异型染色体,第24对染色体长度明显小于其他染色体。通过与其他22种石斑鱼染色体核型进行比较,发现七带石斑鱼具有石斑鱼属鱼类的原始核型特征,属于石斑鱼属鱼类的原始类群。 相似文献
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探索了在鱼类大小规格不同情况下制备鱼类染色体的最佳策略和方法,并对棕点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)杂交子代(俗称珍珠龙胆)的染色体核型进行研究.本研究根据预实验的结果,对所选取的珍珠龙胆幼鱼,采用小鱼游泳法进行前处理,取其鳍条并以冷、热两种不同的滴片方法制备染色体,观察染色体形态并对其染色体核型进行分析.结果显示,选用的染色体制备方法能获得图像清晰、形态良好的细胞分裂相;不同的滴片处理方法细胞分裂指数存在一定差异,即热滴片法的有丝分裂指数为2.58％,明显高于冷滴片法的有丝分裂指数(0.83％),此外,热滴片法所获得的染色体的质量也明显优于冷滴片法.珍珠龙胆石斑鱼二倍体染色体数为48,22对染色体为端部着丝粒染色体,2对染色体为亚端部着丝粒染色体,其染色体臂数(NF)为52,核型公式为2n=48,4st+44t.珍珠龙胆与父本鞍带石斑鱼的染色体数目、核型基本一致,而与母本棕点石斑鱼的核型存在很大差异.研究表明,珍珠龙胆的2n数与其亲本相同,其核型特点符合典型的高位类群鱼类核型特征.在对珍珠龙胆与其亲本的核型进行比较的同时,对已报道的25种石斑鱼进行了核型的比较和综合分析,为石斑鱼的种质鉴定、遗传资源保护利用、育种提供基础资料和理论依据. 相似文献
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《渔业科学进展》2016,(2)
探索了在鱼类大小规格不同情况下制备鱼类染色体的最佳策略和方法,并对棕点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)杂交子代(俗称珍珠龙胆)的染色体核型进行研究。本研究根据预实验的结果,对所选取的珍珠龙胆幼鱼,采用小鱼游泳法进行前处理,取其鳍条并以冷、热两种不同的滴片方法制备染色体,观察染色体形态并对其染色体核型进行分析。结果显示,选用的染色体制备方法能获得图像清晰、形态良好的细胞分裂相;不同的滴片处理方法细胞分裂指数存在一定差异,即热滴片法的有丝分裂指数为2.58%,明显高于冷滴片法的有丝分裂指数(0.83%),此外,热滴片法所获得的染色体的质量也明显优于冷滴片法。珍珠龙胆石斑鱼二倍体染色体数为48,22对染色体为端部着丝粒染色体,2对染色体为亚端部着丝粒染色体,其染色体臂数(NF)为52,核型公式为2n=48,4st+44t。珍珠龙胆与父本鞍带石斑鱼的染色体数目、核型基本一致,而与母本棕点石斑鱼的核型存在很大差异。研究表明,珍珠龙胆的2n数与其亲本相同,其核型特点符合典型的高位类群鱼类核型特征。在对珍珠龙胆与其亲本的核型进行比较的同时,对已报道的25种石斑鱼进行了核型的比较和综合分析,为石斑鱼的种质鉴定、遗传资源保护利用、育种提供基础资料和理论依据。 相似文献
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布氏石斑鱼的染色体核型、银染和C-带 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了补充布氏石斑鱼细胞遗传学数据, 并为石斑鱼染色体进化研究以及石斑鱼遗传育种等工作奠定基础, 实验利用Giemsa染色、C-带和Ag-NORs方法对布氏石斑鱼的染色体核型以及异染色质和具有转录活性的核仁组织区在染色体上的分布位置和数量进行了研究。结果表明,布氏石斑鱼二倍体染色体数目为48, 其染色体组由48条端部着丝粒染色体组成, 绝大多数染色体的着丝粒位置呈异染色质带, 仅在第24对染色体靠近着丝粒的位置检测到银染带, 以上结果均表明, 布氏石斑鱼属于较为原始的类群。 相似文献
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高寒鲤染色体核型分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
采用植物血球凝集素（ＰＨＡ）体内注射,肾组织细胞短期培养,常规空气干燥法制备了高寒鲤染色体,核型分析结果是：高寒鲤染色体的核型公式为２ｎ＝１００＝２８ｍ＋２８ｓｍ＋４４ｓｔｔ,染色体臂数ＮＦ＝１５６。 相似文献
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为了探究杂交后代与双亲染色体组型的差异, 证明青石斑鱼(Epinephelus awoara)和蓝身大斑石斑鱼 (Epinephelus tukula)杂交在染色体水平上的可行性, 以及建立石斑鱼外周血淋巴细胞培养制备染色体制片技术, 本研究以 4 月龄和 16 月龄青石斑鱼(♀)×蓝身大斑石斑鱼(♂)杂交后代、4 月龄母本后代和父本为实验材料, 通过头肾 -秋水仙素法和外周血细胞培养法制备染色体制片, 经油镜观察和分裂相统计, 结果表明青石斑鱼的染色体数目为 2n=48, 占比 91.00%, 核型公式为 2n=48t, NF=48; 蓝身大斑石斑鱼具两个亚中部着丝粒染色体, 染色体数目为 2n=48, 占比 82%, 核型公式为 2n=2sm+46t, NF=50, 臂比为 1.76±0.11; 杂交后代(E. AT)具一个亚中部着丝粒染色体, 染色体数目为 2n=48, 占比 78%, 核型公式为 2n=1sm+47t, NF=49, 臂比为 1.75±0.29。同时, 本研究对 4 尾 16 月龄杂交后代鱼的性腺进行组织切片, 观察发现所有个体性腺中具有大量卵母细胞, 杂交后代均为雌性, 初步说明杂交后代所具有的异形染色体与性别无关, 推断异形染色体形成的原因是父本提供了 23 条端部着丝粒染色体和 1 条亚中部着丝粒染色体, 母本提供了 24 条端部着丝粒染色体。研究结果为石斑鱼杂交后代异形染色体发生、遗传变异, 以及杂交后代性状选育和种质改良提供了丰富的资料。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献
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Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response. 相似文献
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An overview of stress physiology of fish transport: changes in water quality as a function of transport duration 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This study brings an integrated analysis about the relationship between water deterioration and its physiological consequences in live fish transport. The analysis was focused on the transport water and its deterioration, and physiological challenges imposed on the fish. Usual commercial handling procedures employed to mitigate fish stress during transport were discussed. Future topics of research for the establishment of safer fish transport protocols were proposed. Transport was classified into short (≤8 h) or long transport (>8 h). The main issue in short transports should be the prevention of water pH reduction, while in long transports it is the increase in ammonia. Plasma cortisol is the most employed marker for stress and is acutely elevated upon short episodes of transport, but remains elevated even in long‐transport events. Plasma glucose is perhaps a better marker for handling stress. Plasma lactate, pH, osmolality CO2 and ions should be more often evaluated. Plasma Na+ and Cl‐ are very useful markers of acidosis, due to their respective exchange for H+ and , for acid–base regulation. The establishment of species‐specific transport protocols should be preceded by such combined analyses of water and physiological parameters. 相似文献
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Are hatchery‐reared abalone naïve of predators? Comparing the behaviours of wild and hatchery‐reared northern abalone,Haliotis kamtschatkana (Jonas, 1845) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Abalone populations have declined worldwide, generating interest in enhancement using hatchery‐reared individuals. In many cases, such restoration efforts have met with limited success due to high predator‐induced mortality rates. Furthermore, the mortality rates of outplanted hatchery abalone are often considerably higher than for wild individuals. This study uses northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) as a case study to determine whether hatchery‐reared abalone behave differently than their wild counterparts. In the field, outplanted hatchery‐reared abalone were significantly less responsive than wild abalone, in terms of number of abalone responding and intensity of response, to nearby movement and to physical contact with an inert probe. Also, when encountering a cue to which all abalone responded (a seastar predator), hatchery‐reared individuals remained subdued. Anti‐predator behavioural deficits in hatchery‐reared abalone were more pronounced in 4‐year‐old individuals than in 1‐year‐old individuals, suggesting an influence of either age or amount of time spent in the hatchery environment. These behavioural differences are expected to increase the vulnerability of hatchery‐reared abalone to predators, and are likely a major cause of their elevated predator‐induced mortality when outplanted. 相似文献
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The toxic effects of Cd2+ on Ca2+ influx kinetics in developing tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) larvae were evaluated. Addition of 20 µg l-1 of Cd2+ to the environment of 0 and 3 day-old larvae competitively inhibited the Ca2+ uptake within 4h resulting in a great increase in Km values for Ca2+ influx (19.3 and 17.4 fold, respectively) as compared with their respective controls. Consequently, the actual Ca2+ influx of larvae in solutions of 0.2 mM Ca2+ are suppressed by 32–45%. Also, 3 day-old larvae were more sensitive to internally accumulated Cd2+ than 0 day-old larvae. Although the Ca2+ influx in 0 and 3 day-old larvae may be restored to the levels of their respective controls with 24h of being transferred to a 20 µg l-1 Cd2+ solution, total body Ca2+ content was significantly reduced in 3 day-old larvae. Increased Ca2+ uptake efficiency ensures sufficient Ca2+ for normal growth. However, rapid increase in Ca2+ influx after hatching also leads to higher Cd2+ uptake. Exposure to Cd2+ will lead to a drop in body Ca2+ content resulting in retardation of larval growth. Therefore, we conclude that if Ca2+ uptake is interfered with at this critical stage of development, larvae will not be able to maintain normal levels of body Ca2+ and will show signs of Cd2+ poisoning. 相似文献
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Abstract– Literature evidence suggests that lake-dwelling longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) enter tributary streams to spawn, Until the present study, the dynamics of this breeding migration had never been investigated quantitatively. During the summers of 1991 and 1992, longnose gar were captured as they entered Weaubleau Creek, Missouri, a tributary of Harry S. Truman Reservoir. The in-stream spawning migration began in early April and ended in late May, and was positively correlated with stream flow and water level, and negatively correlated with water temperature. In-stream residence times ranged from 15 to 94 days, with males exhibiting longer residence times than females. Once in-stream, longnose gar travelled as far as 10 km upstream and occupied certain pools at greater relative frequencies. Although the reason for this preferential utilization is not completely understood, it may relate to pool depth and riffle proximity. Longnose gar disperse from the spawning stream great distances, with gar captured in Weaubleau Creek being recaptured up to 48 km away. This information should provide fisheries biologists the means to consider the reproductive ecology of this species in their conservation and management decisions. 相似文献
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D.R. Tocher M. Agaba N. Hastings J.G. Bell J.R. Dick A.J. Teale 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2001,24(4):309-320
The desaturation and elongation of [1-14C]18:3n-3 was investigated in hepatocytes of the tropical warm freshwater species, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation/elongation pathway was assayed before and after the fish were fed two experimental
diets, a control diet containing fish oil (FO) and a diet containing vegetable oil (VO; a blend of olive, linseed and high
oleic acid sunflower oils) for 10 weeks. The VO diet was formulated to provide 1% each of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, and so satisfy
the possible EFA requirements of zebrafish and tilapia. At the end of the dietary trial, the lipid and fatty acid composition
was determined in whole zebrafish, and liver, white muscle and brain of tilapia. Both zebrafish and tilapia expressed a hepatocyte
fatty acid desaturation/elongation pattern consistent with them being freshwater and planktonivorous fish. The data also showed
that hepatic fatty acid desaturation/elongation was nutritionally regulated with the activities being higher in fish fed the
VO diet compared to fish fed the FO diet. In zebrafish, the main effect of the VO diet was increased fatty acid Δ6 desaturase
activity resulting in the production of significantly more 18:4n-3 compared to fish fed the FO diet. In tilapia, all activities
in the pathway were greater in fish fed the VO diet resulting in increased amounts of all fatty acids in the pathway, but
primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3). However, the fatty acid compositional
data indicated that despite increased activity, desaturation of 18:3n-3 was insufficient to maintain tissue proportions of
EPA and DHA in fish fed the VO diet at the same level as in fish fed the FO diet. Practically, these results indicate that
manipulation of tilapia diets in commercial culture in response to the declining global fish oil market would have important
consequences for fish fatty acid composition and the health of consumers. Scientifically, zebrafish and tilapia, both the
subject of active genome mapping projects, could be useful models for studies of lipid and fatty acid metabolism at a molecular
biological and genetic level.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献