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克氏原螯虾染色体及其核型 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
染色体是遗传物质的载体,是研究细胞遗传学的基础,为研究克氏原螯虾染色体及其核型,实验以性未成熟雄性个体的精巢为材料,采用低渗和空气干燥常规方法制备细胞分裂中期染色体标本,研究了克氏原螯虾染色体及核型。Giemsa和DAPI染色后在显微镜下观察到清晰的精母细胞减数分裂中期二价体和精原细胞有丝分裂中期染色体时相。对减数分裂中期二价体及有丝分裂中期染色体进行了数目上的统计。结果显示,克氏原螯虾二倍与单倍染色体数目分别为2N=188和N=94。由于有丝分裂染色体形状微小,核型分析困难,故选取减数分裂中期二价体,根据长度及着丝点位置对其进行了初步核型分析,核型公式为N=55M+22(SM,ST)+17T,未发现异形性染色体。 相似文献
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罗氏沼虾核型及长臂虾亚科核型演化关系的探讨 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
以略作改进的空气干燥法制备染色体标本，研究罗氏沼虾精巢细胞染色体数目，首次报道了其有丝分裂中期的详细核型。罗氏沼虾染色体数目ｎ＝５９，２ｎ＝１１８，依着线点位置及相对长度不同共划分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三个染色体组。 相似文献
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二种引进鳢科鱼类的染色体组型 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文报道纹鳢和巨鳢的染色体组型。其结果是：纹鳢，２ｎ＝４４，核型公式为，４ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋１６ｓｔ十２２ｔ，ＮＦ＝５０；巨鳢，２ｎ＝４４，核型公式为，２ｍ十４２ｔ，ＮＦ＝４６。本文还讨论了这两种鱼的进化地位问题。 相似文献
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高寒鲤染色体核型分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
采用植物血球凝集素（ＰＨＡ）体内注射,肾组织细胞短期培养,常规空气干燥法制备了高寒鲤染色体,核型分析结果是：高寒鲤染色体的核型公式为２ｎ＝１００＝２８ｍ＋２８ｓｍ＋４４ｓｔｔ,染色体臂数ＮＦ＝１５６。 相似文献
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杂交鲫（白鲫♀×散鳞镜鲤）及其双亲染色体组型的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用ＰＨＡ和秋水仙素体内注射法制备杂交鲫（Ｆ１）及其双亲的染色体。结果表明，白鲫染色体的２ｎ＝１００，其组型是２ｎ＝２０ｍ＋２８ｓｍ＋３８ｓｔ＋１４ｔ，ＮＦ＝１４８；散鳞镜鲤的２ｎ＝１００，组型是２ｎ＝２０ｍ＋２６ｓｍ＋３０ｓｔ＋２４ｔ，ＮＦ＝１４６；杂交鲫的２ｎ＝１００，组型是２ｎ＝２０ｍ＋２７ｓｍ＋３４ｓｔ＋１９ｔ，ＮＦ＝１４７．经分析比较证实，杂交鲫的染色体是由双亲各提供一组单倍体而组成的。此外，在受检的２０尾杂交鲫中存在一尾三倍体（３ｎ＝１５０±３）的个体。 相似文献
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取样分析了287尾日本沼虾和312尾克氏螯虾，含肉率分别为36．3％(♀)、31．5％(♂)和19.96％，含水率分别为78．84％和76．41％；与其它淡水虾类营养成分比较，其必需氮基酸(EAA)含量分别为35.21％和33.30％，高于罗氏沼虾和南美白对虾，但低于红螯螯虾；南湾水库日本沼虾和克氏螯虾均是高品质蛋白源，但营养价值前者高于后者。 相似文献
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The karyotype and chromosomal characteristics of the yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi lalandi were investigated by examining metaphase spreads from kidney cells of 4-month-old fish artificially bred using wild-captured broodstock from the coast of South Australia. A total of 80 mitotic metaphases from 10 individual fish were analysed, with 52 spreads having a mode of 2 n =48 chromosomes, representing 65% of the metaphases observed. The diploid consisted of two metacentric, two submetacentric, six subtelocentric and 38 telocentric chromosomes, with the fundamental number of chromosome arms being 52. The total haploid chromosome length was approximately 44.412 μm. This study shows that the karyotype of S. lalandi lalandi differs from those reported previously for other Seriola species in having one pair of metacentric chromosomes. 相似文献
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三疣梭子蟹核型分析 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
实验用三疣梭子蟹于2003年3月－2004年6月购自浙江象山石浦港。以成熟卵、精巢、胚胎及溞状幼体等为材料进行三疣梭子蟹染色体数目和核型的研究。染色体制片采用组织切片法和气干法,用Olympus显微镜进行观测、摄影,依据Levan等的染色体分类标准进行核型分析。结果表明,精巢最适宜进行三疣梭子蟹染色体计数,卵内溞状幼体最适宜做核型分析。三疣梭子蟹染色体的数目是2n=106,n=53。核型分析显示,三疣梭子蟹有20对（第1～20号）中部着丝粒染色体（m）、3对（第21－23号）亚中部着丝粒染色体（sm）和30对（笫24～53号）端部着丝粒染包体（t）。因此,三疣梭子蟹核型为2n=106=40m＋6sm＋60t,染色体臂数NF=152;没有检查出异形性染色体的存在。 相似文献
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Mohammad Reza Kalbassi Salar Dorafshan Tahereh Tavakolian Mahmoud Khazab & Hosein Abdolhay 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(13):1341-1347
The karyotype and chromosomal characteristics of endangered Caspian salmon, Salmo trutta caspius, in the southern part of the Caspian Sea were investigated. From the total of 60 mitotic metaphases achieved from 15 individuals, 15, 9 and 36 metaphases were with the mode <76, 76 and 80 representing 25%, 15% and 60% of metaphases respectively. So, the most common pattern of chromosome number was 80 (36 metaphases, 60%) and the number of diploid chromosomes was thus confirmed as (2n=80) of this subspecies. The karyotype consists of seven metacentric, five submetacentric and 28 telocentric pairs. The karyological parameters of the Caspian salmon, the centromic index, arm ratio, relative length and length variation range of chromosomes, were 0–0.5, 1–∞, 0.011–0.045 and 0.507–2.028 μm respectively. The total length of chromosomes in haploid series was 44.776 μm and fundamental number of chromosome arms was 104. This study may provide the first knowledge on chromosome analysis in Caspian salmon and add basic information useful for its chromosomal manipulations. 相似文献
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以青蛤成体鳃组织和性成熟的雌、雄青蛤性腺为材料,采用常规制片方法,分别制备青蛤二倍体染色体和单倍体染色体,统计染色体数目。结果显示,青蛤二倍体与单倍体染色体数目分别为2n=38和n=19;核型分析发现,青蛤核型组成为11m+6sm+2st,NF=76,未发现性染色体和随体染色体。本研究以青蛤成熟性腺为制备材料,成功制备单倍体染色体,与青蛤二倍体染色体互相印证,弥补了以往研究的不足,进一步丰富了对青蛤染色体数目及核型组成的认知。同时,也为青蛤染色体水平全基因组测序组装提供更加科学的基础资料。 相似文献
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Use of microsatellite loci and AFLP markers to verify gynogenesis and clonal lines in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M Tariq Ezaz Sayema Sayeed† Brendan J McAndrew & David J Penman 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(15):1472-1481
To develop an effective system for parentage analysis in gynogenetic and clonal progeny of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., polymorphic microsatellite loci and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were investigated in several gynogenetic families and clonal lines. Six microsatellite loci were screened in two meiotic gynogenetic families to look for loci with high gene–centromere recombination rates, which can be used to discriminate meiotic from mitotic gynogenetics. Microsatellite loci UNH189 and UNH211 showed 96.7% and 92.0% heterozygosity, respectively, in these families, while other loci showed lower recombination frequencies. Scoring both UNH189 and UNH211 would give a very low probability of an individual meiotic gynogenetic being homozygous for both loci. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction of microsatellite loci was used to verify parentage in four families of mitotic gynogenetics and five fully inbred clonal lines. The genotype of each clonal line should serve as a unique identifier. Twelve AFLP primers were also investigated and 26 diagnostic AFLP bands were identified to follow inheritance in mitotic gynogenetic individuals. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms were found to be effective for this purpose but microsatellites were more appropriate since they are co‐dominant, while AFLPs are dominant markers. A multiplex of the microsatellite loci used in this study would be useful for general parental assignment as well as for the analysis of the products of chromosome set manipulations. 相似文献
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以黄海北部沿海捕获的野生黄条(Seriola aureovittata)为实验材料,经过体内注射植物血球凝聚素(PHA)和秋水仙素,取头肾细胞,经空气干燥法制片,Giemsa染液染色后,观察黄条的染色体核型和特征.本研究分析了21条黄条的80个中期染色体核型,结果显示,黄条核型有48条染色体,2n=48占所观察分裂相的比例是81.25％;第1对染色体有次缢痕和随体.核型公式为2n=48=6sm+4st+38t,其染色体臂的数量为54,单倍体染色体总长度约为51.97 μm.黄条染色体核型比较独特,具有3对亚中部染色体和2对亚端部染色体;不同于以往报道的其他属鱼类的染色体核型特征.通过比较分析认为,黄条为进化上的高位类群中的特化类群.本研究为属鱼类的细胞遗传学研究提供了基础资料,并为黄条种质资源保护及未来人工养殖等奠定基础. 相似文献
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《水生生物资源》2003,16(5):408-415
The development of techniques for production of gynogenetic, androgenetic, polyploid, and monosex progenies in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is described from a chronological perspective. Gynogenetic progenies were obtained either by suppression of the second meiotic division in eggs (meiotic gynogenesis) or by suppression of the first mitotic division in haploid embryos (mitotic gynogenesis). As a rule, gynogenetic progenies of common carp were all-female, revealing female homogamety (females—XX, males—XY) in this species. Induced gynogenesis results in increased homozygosity; the rate of increase depends on the type of gynogenesis. Inbreeding coefficient (F) for one generation of meiotic gynogenesis in common carp is about 0.6, while diploids obtained by mitotic gynogenesis are homozygous for all genes (F = 1.0). Mitotic gynogenesis was used for production of clones in common carp. In androgenetic progenies of common carp, YY males were identified, that after crossing with normal females (XX) produced all-male progenies. Triploids of common carp are characterized by a significant reduction in gonad development (especially ovaries). However, the reduction in gonad development did not result in an increase of somatic growth rate of fish. The procedure for androgen treatment to induce phenotypic sex reversal in genotypic females (XX) was elaborated. All-female progenies of common carp were produced on a large scale by crossing normal females (XX) with hormonally sex-reversed males (XX). Rearing of all-female progenies in conditions when fish normally reach sexual maturity before reaching of market size increased production yield by 7–8%. In a few cases distant hybridization resulted in polyploidy of fish without application of any physical treatment. The ability of hybrid females between crucian carp (Carassius auratus) and common carp to produce diploid (with unreduced chromosome number) gametes resulted in opportunities to produce triploid and tetraploid hybrid progenies. 相似文献
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Ya-Juan Li Zhuo Yu Ming-Zhao Zhang Cong Qian Syuiti Abe Katsutoshi Arai 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(4):759-768
When eggs from the Chinese tetraploid loach that had 100 chromosomes were fertilized with UV-irradiated sperm, we obtained viable gynogenetic progeny without any additional treatment for the duplication of maternal chromosomes, which survived beyond first feeding towards adult stage of development. Gynogenetic progeny were determined to be diploid since they possessed 50 chromosomes, along with two chromosomes bearing nucleolar organizing regions (NORs), detected by silver nitrate staining (Ag-NORs), chromomycin-A3 (CMA3)-positive sites and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) signals for rDNA loci. In contrast, when gynogens were induced using eggs from diploid loach fertilized by UV-irradiated sperm, but without chromosome doubling, we found that all resultant progeny were non-viable haploid gynogens with 25 chromosomes, along with one NOR-bearing chromosome detected by Ag-NORs, CMA3 and FISH. These observations demonstrate the true genetic tetraploid nature of the Chinese loach possessing 100 chromosomes, and the potential use of this tetraploid as a source of functional diploid gametes for further ploidy manipulation experiments. 相似文献