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1.
文蛤的性腺发育和生殖周期 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
应用组织学方法对浙南池塘养殖的文蛤的性腺发育、生殖周期和肥满度进行了周年变化的研究。结果表明,文蛤的性腺发育具有典型双壳贝类特征,性腺发育过程可分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期、休止期5个时期,并对上述5期的宏观肉眼观察特征及微观切片观察特征进行了描述。浙南池塘养殖的文蛤性腺发育过程以1年为1个周期,成熟排放期在5月下旬至8月中旬,水温21.8～31.0℃,繁殖盛期为6月下旬至7月下旬,水温为25.0～30.0℃。月平均肥满度最高为6月份的8.84%,最低为1月份的3.21%。论文还讨论了1龄文蛤性腺发育、文蛤性腺成熟和排放与积温的关系。 相似文献
2.
2013年8月至2014年7月,采用组织学和实验生态学方法对钝缀锦蛤(Tapes conspersus)的性腺发育、生殖周期、肥满度、胚胎和幼虫发育进行了研究。结果显示,钝缀锦蛤性腺发育以1年为1个周期,性腺发育过程可分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期和休止期5个时期;繁殖期在每年10月至翌年3月,繁殖盛期为3月、10月和11月(水温20.3~24.6℃),分批产卵。8月肥满度最高,为33.43%;4月最低,为18.31%。钝缀锦蛤卵径为70~80μm;在水温24~26℃、盐度28~32条件下,受精卵经16 h左右发育为D形幼虫;初孵D形幼虫大小为90~110μm,浮游幼虫经7~8 d培育进入附着变态期,此时壳长为210~230μm,再经4~5 d发育变态为稚贝。本研究为钝缀锦蛤的人工繁育及种质资源保护和利用提供了基础资料。 相似文献
3.
《渔业科学进展》2017,(6)
2013年4月–2014年3月,采用组织学和实验生态学方法研究了山东莱州湾海域小刀蛏(Cultellus attenuatus)的性腺发育、生殖周期、胚胎及幼虫发育。结果显示,在繁殖季节,小刀蛏性别可通过性腺颜色区分,雌性为白色,雄性为黄色;1个生殖周期为1年,性腺发育经历增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期和休止期5个阶段;莱州湾繁殖期为6月中旬–7月上旬。小刀蛏受精卵卵径为50–55μm,在水温26℃、盐度28的条件下,经24 h发育至D形幼虫,10 d后幼虫发育变态为稚贝。对莱州湾小刀蛏繁殖生物学的研究,可为该海域小刀蛏的人工育苗和增养殖提供科学依据。 相似文献
4.
2013年4月–2014年3月,采用组织学和实验生态学方法研究了山东莱州湾海域小刀蛏(Cultellus attenuatus)的性腺发育、生殖周期、胚胎及幼虫发育。结果显示,在繁殖季节,小刀蛏性别可通过性腺颜色区分,雌性为白色,雄性为黄色;1个生殖周期为1年,性腺发育经历增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期和休止期5个阶段;莱州湾繁殖期为6月中旬–7月上旬。小刀蛏受精卵卵径为50–55 μm,在水温26℃、盐度28的条件下,经24 h发育至D形幼虫,10 d后幼虫发育变态为稚贝。对莱州湾小刀蛏繁殖生物学的研究,可为该海域小刀蛏的人工育苗和增养殖提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
文蛤是我国常见的经济贝类,广泛分布在我国的各个海区。文蛤为蛤中精品,享有“天下第一鲜”的盛名, 文蛤的壳在药典上称蛤壳,可作药材治病。近几年来,由于市场的大量需求,采捕量上升,长此下去必然造成文蛤资源的破坏,因此,开展文蛤的人工育苗有着重要意义。现将文蛤的人工育苗技术简述如下： 1 文蛤的繁殖习性及发育文蛤为雌雄异体,2年性成熟,成熟的性腺包围在内脏团周围并延伸至足的基部,雌性呈奶黄色,雄性呈乳白色。卵呈圆球状,卵径为70～90μm,为沉性卵。当肥满度达到26%以上时为文蛤的繁殖盛期。繁殖期水温为20～30%,最适宜水温为25℃左右,温度越高性腺发育和成熟越快。根据性腺在内脏团的丰满度分为5期,0 期：内脏团表面透明,清晰可见,没有性腺分布,体质 相似文献
6.
偏顶蛤胚胎和幼虫发育及温度对其浮游幼虫生长和发育的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
在室内条件下,人工诱导偏顶蛤(Modiolus modiolus)产卵并在显微镜下对其胚胎和浮游期幼虫的形态进行连续观察和拍照,并采用实验生态学的方法,研究温度对其浮游期幼虫生长和发育的影响。结果显示,偏顶蛤亲贝人工催产时,以流水刺激4 h,阴干12 h为宜。偏顶蛤卵呈圆形或卵圆形,沉性卵,卵径为(82.6±3.2)μm,精子鞭毛型,全长约50μm。在水温19~21℃下,偏顶蛤受精卵发育至D形幼虫(壳长104.0μm±4.3μm)、匍匐幼虫(壳长255.8μm±15.0μm)和早期稚贝(壳长329.1μm±5.8μm)分别历时20.5 h、20 d和36 d。水温是影响偏顶蛤幼虫生长和发育的主要因素之一,幼虫适宜水温为15~20℃,15℃组幼虫畸形率显著低于20℃组,生长率20℃组最高达5.4μm/d;水温25℃和30℃下,幼虫畸形率均显著高于15℃组和20℃组,并分别在第6天和第4天全部死亡。相对于高温而言,偏顶蛤幼虫对低温的耐受能力更强。本文旨在为偏顶蛤繁殖生物学和苗种繁育技术提供基础资料。 相似文献
7.
中国紫蛤的人工育苗 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在繁殖季节对中国紫蛤Hiatuala chinensis亲贝进行营养强化培育可促使性腺在1周内成熟并自然排放精卵.在水温26.0～28.0℃条件下,卵子受精约30 min出现第一极体,1 h后进行第一次分裂发育至2细胞,5 h后发育至囊胚期,12 h后发育至担轮幼虫期,19 h发育至D形幼虫.D形幼虫培育密度控制在1 ind · mL-1,采用不同饵料种类进行培育效果的比较,结果表明,一直投喂小球藻Chlorella vulgaris的效果最差,幼虫发育至第7天陆续死亡;D形幼虫初期投喂金藻Dicrateria zhanjiangensis饵料,从壳顶幼虫期开始混合投喂牟氏角毛藻Chaetoceros muelleri和亚心形扁藻Platymonas subcordiformis,幼虫发育正常,壳长平均增长10 μm · d-1,幼虫培育17 d后开始进入附着变态阶段,从附着变态的稚贝开始,培育50 d,幼贝平均壳长可达4 625 μm,壳长平均增长87.5 μm · d-1. 相似文献
8.
长竹蛏室内人工育苗技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对长竹蛏的繁殖习性、胚胎发育和人工育苗关键技术进行了研究,结果表明亲贝经暂养可促进性成熟;幼虫对温度、盐度的适应较广;变态附着期的培育需降低光照度,培育时未降低光照度的幼虫,附着时间延长,存活率低;幼虫长至约240μm时变态附着,附着量在(0.6~10)×106粒/m2,其繁殖盛期为6~8月份。 相似文献
9.
宽壳全海笋人工繁育技术 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2003-2005年,进行了宽壳全海笋繁殖的初步观察和人工育苗技术研究.通过观察,揭示了宽壳全海笋繁殖和胚胎发育的整个过程.利用实验生态学的方法,筛选出了受精卵孵化、幼虫生长和采苗的适宜环境条件.在浙南沿海,宽壳全海笋的自然繁殖时间是每年的4-6月份,水温为18～22 ℃.壳长6 cm以上的雌性成熟个体1次产卵可超过2 000万颗,成熟卵的卵径约50 μm.受精卵发育最适宜的温度是22～26 ℃,盐度21～26,在适宜条件下经过18 h左右发育至D形幼虫.幼虫生长发育的最适宜的温度范围是22～26 ℃,而盐度范围为16～26;幼虫前期培育的最适宜饵料为球等鞭金藻;经26～50 d培育幼虫进入变态附着期.幼虫变态附着最适宜的基质为泥底质.2005年度,在面积120 m2水池中,培育出宽壳全海笋稚贝数量6 100万颗,单位面积出苗量5.08×105 grain/m2,平均壳长1.43 mm. 相似文献
10.
长牡蛎壳金选育群体性腺发育与营养成分的周年变化 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了评估长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)壳金选育群体的繁殖周期及营养价值,自2013年11月至2014年10月,对山东省刘公岛海区长牡蛎第三代壳金选育群体的性腺发育、营养成分(总蛋白、总脂肪、糖原)季节变化及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究,并比较了与普通养殖群体营养成分的差异。结果表明,长牡蛎壳金选育群体雌雄比例接近1︰1,性腺同步发育;配子发生开始于2月,全年只有1个产卵季节(6―8月),7月为两性配子排放高峰期。配子成熟及排放期间,水温处于较高水平,食物充足,可为性腺发育提供能量,也有利于幼体的存活和生长。卵母细胞直径从配子发生开始逐渐增大,并在产卵前达到最大值(36.88μm),产卵后则降低。营养成分分析表明,脂肪含量在性腺–内脏团中随配子发育积累储存,产卵后显著降低;糖原在性腺发育到4月时开始下降,为配子的发育提供能量;蛋白质在配子发育过程中大量合成,与繁殖活动存在密切联系。长牡蛎壳金选育群体外套膜的总蛋白含量显著高于普通养殖群体(P0.05),糖原和总脂肪含量显著低于普通养殖群体(P0.05),其他组织的一般营养成分未出现显著差异。研究表明,长牡蛎在壳金群体选育过程中营养成分已表现出分化,这为长牡蛎壳色选育提供了重要参考依据。 相似文献
11.
A study of the reproductive cycle of the baby clam, Marcia opima (Gmelin) was conducted at two sites along the southeast (Tuticorin Bay) and southwest (Ashtamudi estuary) coast of India from December 1998 to January 2000. Histological evidence showed that baby clam from both the sites showed two spawning seasons. First spawning season was recorded from May to July in the southeast coast. In the southwest coast, the first spawning season was observed through March to May. A second spawning season from September to December was recorded in both the coasts. In the southeast coast, minimum and maximum condition indices were obtained in January 2000 and April 1999 respectively and decreased from May to June and November to January, signifying the two spawning periods. Most of the animals were either in spent or indeterminate gonadal stage from May to August and November to January indicating the active spawning during that months in the southeast coast. 相似文献
12.
ABSTRACT: The stage of ovarian development and annual reproductive cycle of female armorhead Pseudopentaceros wheeleri collected from seamounts of the southern Emperor–northern Hawaiian Ridge in 1993 and 1995–1996 was investigated through use of the gonadal somatic index ( GSI ) and ovarian histology. The stages of oocyte development were classified into eight developmental stages (perinucleolus, cortical alveolus, oil droplet, early yolk globule, late yolk globule, migratory nucleolus, prematuration, and maturation) based on histological characteristics. Oocytes of different size and developmental stage were present within ovaries during the spawning season. Oocyte development appears to be asynchronous and armorhead apparently spawn several times during the spawning season. The stage of the most developed oocyte was used to classify the stage of ovarian maturation. The GSI increased gradually with ovarian development. Oocytes in the perinucleolus, cortical alveolus, and oil droplet stages were present in ovaries throughout the year. Early and late yolk globule stages appeared during August–September indicating that yolk formation begins during late summer. The migratory nucleolus through maturation stages were detected during November–January. Post ovulatory follicles were present during November–March, and GSI values rapidly decreased in February. Results indicate that spawning occurs during November–February and peaks during December–January. 相似文献
13.
2011年5～12月,对金沙江屏山以下江段中华沙鳅(Botia superciliaris)的资源现状、繁殖特性进行了调查,并在实验室对该鱼的人工繁育进行了探索。所获中华沙鳅雄鱼(n=251)平均体长81.3 mm,平均体重8.7 g;雌鱼(n=486)平均体长109.7 mm,平均体重15.9 g。屏山调查点中华沙鳅占总渔获物(尾数)的2.68%,日均单船产量平均为0.12 kg;安边调查点中华沙鳅占总渔获物(尾数)的0.17%,日均单船产量平均为0.06 kg。雌雄性比为1.31∶1;雌、雄最小性成熟年龄均为2+龄。雌鱼的绝对怀卵量最大值为5 948粒,平均为4 455粒。中华沙鳅属一次性产卵类型,在流水中产漂流性卵;繁殖高峰期在5～6月。人工繁育时,受精卵在水温25～26℃孵化29 h仔鱼出膜,孵化率约70%,刚出膜仔鱼全长4.9～5.1 mm。半年后幼鱼的成活率为11.13%,全长约30 mm。 相似文献
14.
丹江口水库太湖新银鱼不同繁殖群体的繁殖特征比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2010年6月—2011年6月,对丹江口水库太湖新银鱼(Neosalanx taihuensis)不同繁殖群体的繁殖生物学特征进行了比较研究。结果表明:太湖新银鱼在该水库产卵时间为1—5月(春群)和9—10月(秋群);其中春季群体的体长(65.79 mm±6.05 mm)、性腺成熟指数(17.26±6.42)、繁殖力(1851粒±342粒)和成熟卵径(0.62 mm±0.05mm)均显著高于秋季群体(体长(55.04 mm±3.18 mm)、性腺成熟指数(11.72±5.01)、繁殖力(1 067粒±190粒)和成熟卵径(0.53 mm±0.04 mm))(P<0.05);但是两个群体的丰满度指数(101.43±19.71,101.87±11.85)差异并不显著(P>0.05)。春群是丹江口水库太湖新银鱼种群的主要补充者,春群管理与控制应是银鱼种群管理的重点。 相似文献
15.
研究了盐度、温度对条石鲷胚胎发育的影响和初孵仔鱼对饥饿的耐受力。结果表明,胚胎发育的适宜盐度范围为20～35,最适盐度范围为25～30,孵化率都在89%以上,盐度低于20或高于35,孵化率都降低。盐度对孵化时间有一定影响,盐度高于35或者低于15条件下孵化时间都延长。胚胎发育的适宜温度范围为21～27℃,孵化率都在77%以上,最适温度范围为23～25℃,孵化率达89%以上,低于19℃或者高于27℃时孵化率降低且初孵仔鱼畸形率升高。胚胎孵化时间与温度成负相关关系,胚胎发育速率与温度成正相关关系。条石鲷胚胎发育的生物学零度（阈温度）为10.06℃,有效积温值为405.3℃·h。对胚胎发育的Q10值进行了计算。饥饿条件下,条石鲷初孵仔鱼8日龄全部死亡,半数死亡时间出现在第6天,饥饿对初孵仔鱼生长具有明显的抑制作用。 相似文献
16.
银鲳人工育苗技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2005~2006年,在舟山海域银鲳繁殖季节(4~5月),随流刺网和张网捕鱼船出海,捕捞性腺成熟的银鲳进行人工授精,把胚胎运回岸上在孵化桶中继续孵化,得到初孵仔鱼并移入水泥池中进行培育。在水温19.0~24.0℃、盐度25.0~28.0的人工育苗条件下培育苗种。饵料为轮虫、卤虫无节幼体和配合饲料,孵化后3 d仔鱼开始开口摄食。银鲳初孵仔鱼~12日龄为仔鱼期,13~40日龄为稚鱼期,41日龄起转为幼鱼期。经50 d培育,获得20~27 mm叉长的银鲳幼鱼。育苗成活率为5%~14%。 相似文献
17.
İhsan Çelik Pınar Çelik Şükran Cirik Mert Gürkan Sibel Hayretdağ 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(9):1260-1275
The embryonic and larval development of black skirt tetra, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, are described under controlled laboratory conditions. In addition, major histomorphological changes and the allometric growth patterns during larval development have been described. The laboratory‐reared broodstock, that is 1 year of age, were spawned. Hatching occurred 20–21 h after spawning at 24 ± 0.5°C. The cleavage was finished in 2 h and the early blastula stage occurred at 2:04 hours after spawning. The gastrulation started at 3:20 hours and 30% epiboly was observed at 3:34 hours after spawning. Eight‐somite stage was observed at 08:33 hours. And embryonic developmental stage was completed at 21 h after spawning. The newly hatched larvae were 1442 ± 14.3 μm in mean total length (TL). The mouth opened at 3 days after hatching (DAH). The yolk sac had been totally absorbed and the larvae started to swim actively within 3–4 days. Notochord flexion began at 11 DAH. The metamorphosis was completed and the larvae transformed into juveniles at 32 DAH. In this paper, the full developmental sequence from egg to juvenile of G. ternetzi is described for the first time. 相似文献
18.
采用催产素绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic gonadotrophin,HCG)、促黄体素释放激素A2(luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A2,LHRH-A2)和地欧酮(domperidone,DOM)对性腺发育良好的野生云南盘(绚)(Discogobio yunnanensis)进行人工催产,干法授精.利用体视镜观察早期胚胎发育过程,并详细记录了各发育阶段的形态特征及发育时序.结果显示,云南盘(绚)成熟卵圆形、黄绿色、弱粘性,卵径平均2.1 mm.受精后卵迅速吸水膨胀,卵膜外径平均3.29 mm.在水温17 ～19℃条件下,胚胎发育历时168 h 30 min,胚胎发育过程可划分为受精卵、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚和器官发生6个阶段,共27个分期.初孵仔鱼平均体全长为7.16 mm,平均体质量为0.012 g,初孵仔鱼口凹形成,鳃循环明显,泄殖孔处可见输尿管,残余卵黄囊较大. 相似文献
19.
Jerome A. Davis Giles J. Churchill Thomas Hecht Patrick Sorgeloos 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2004,35(2):121-133
Scylla serrata is a potential aquaculture species in Southern Africa. Information about its reproductive biology is required as a prerequisite to establishing hatchery technology. Adult female S. serrata were caught in the Umlalazi estuary on the subtropical east coast of South Africa and kept in captivity to observe and record spawning characteristics. Data collected included crab size and mass, time in captivity prior to spawning, fecundity per batch, relative fecundity, individual egg mass and size, size of zoea 1 larvae, incubation time, and hatch success rate. Of the 119 crabs kept in captivity 83% spawned in the maturation system– most within 40 d of capture. The crabs were highly fecund (mean relative fecundity per batch = 10,655 ± 4,069 eggs/g female) and the majority of the batches hatched within 288 h (12 d) at 27 C. Spawning in captivity occurred throughout the year, with a peak in late winter/early spring. This differs slightly from records of ovarian maturity stages of the crabs in the wild. A pattern of synchronous spawning was recorded where the females were observed to extrude their eggs in groups, commonly within 3 d of one another, separated by long periods of inactivity, suggesting an exogenous spawning cue. A total of 1,374,488 zoea larvae were obtained per kg of female per month. This means that if sufficient mature females can be caught from the wild, these could be used for stocking hatchery operations. The crabs were easy to maintain, mature, and spawn in captivity. This will facilitate future domestication which will eventually reduce the need for wild caught broodstock. The spawning characteristics of South African 5. serrata At in well with those observed for the genus throughout its distribution implying that ecological and fisheries management could be similar. 相似文献