共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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本试验旨在研究不同淀粉类型饲粮对育肥猪盲肠食糜主要微生物及其代谢产物的影响。试验选取72头健康且初始体重相近的“杜×长×大”三元杂交阉公猪,随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复3头猪。3组猪分别饲喂含有木薯淀粉、玉米淀粉和豌豆淀粉作为唯一淀粉来源配制的3种饲粮,饲粮的直链淀粉/支链淀粉分别为0.11、0.25和0.44。试验预试期4 d,正试期42 d。于正式试验的第42天,每个重复选取1头体重接近平均体重的猪进行屠宰,收集盲肠食糜进行相关指标的测定。结果表明:1)与木薯淀粉饲粮相比,豌豆淀粉饲粮显著降低育肥猪盲肠食糜的pH(P<0.05);2)与木薯淀粉饲粮相比,玉米淀粉和豌豆淀粉饲粮显著增加育肥猪盲肠食糜中乳酸的含量(P<0.05),同时豌豆淀粉饲粮显著增加食糜中乙酸、丁酸和总短链脂肪酸的含量(P<0.05);3)对于肠道微生物氮代谢产物而言,与木薯淀粉饲粮相比,玉米淀粉和豌豆淀粉饲粮显著降低育肥猪食糜中氨态氮、腐胺、总生物胺、吲哚和粪臭素的含量(P<0.05),同时豌豆淀粉饲粮显著降低食糜中尸胺和色胺的含量(P<0.05);4)对于微生物而言,与木薯淀粉饲粮相比,玉米淀粉和豌豆淀粉饲粮显著增加育肥猪盲肠食糜中普雷沃氏菌属的数量(P<0.05),而降低食糜中大肠杆菌的数量(P<0.05),同时豌豆淀粉饲粮增加了食糜中乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、梭菌Ⅳ和梭菌ⅩⅣ的数量(P<0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,给育肥猪饲喂含有高直链的豌豆淀粉改变了其盲肠食糜中微生物的组成和发酵模式,增加了部分有益菌的数量和碳水化合物代谢产物的含量,降低了潜在致病菌的数量和氮代谢产物的含量,这提示摄食含有高直链的淀粉有利于维持宿主肠道健康。 相似文献
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文章旨在评估全混合日粮用菠萝茎淀粉完全替代玉米对绵羊生长性能、血液生化及瘤胃发酵指标的影响.试验将初始体重为15.05 kg的72头绵羊随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头.在整个为期10周的饲养试验期间,3组绵羊分别饲喂以50％玉米、木薯和菠萝茎淀粉的全混合日粮.结果:与玉米组相比,木薯组和菠萝茎淀粉组绵羊的平均... 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究不同淀粉源饲粮对肉仔鸡小肠消化酶活性、盲肠挥发性脂肪酸含量和微生物菌群的影响。选取1日龄健康爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡480只,随机分为5组,每组8个重复,每个重复12只鸡。5组分别饲喂玉米淀粉、豌豆淀粉、木薯淀粉、高粱淀粉和小麦淀粉配制的半纯合等氮等能饲粮,5组饲粮总淀粉水平一致。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与玉米淀粉组、木薯淀粉组和小麦淀粉组相比,豌豆淀粉组肉仔鸡盲肠食糜中乙酸、丙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量显著提高(P<0.05),高粱淀粉组盲肠食糜中总挥发性脂肪酸含量显著提高(P<0.05)。2)高粱淀粉组肉仔鸡空肠食糜淀粉酶活性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),木薯淀粉组肉仔鸡空肠和回肠食糜脂肪酶活性以及空肠黏膜脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。3)拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、变形菌门和柔膜菌门是肉仔鸡盲肠的优势菌门。与小麦淀粉组、豌豆淀粉组和高粱淀粉组相比,木薯淀粉组和玉米淀粉组厚壁菌门相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。与玉米淀粉组、高粱淀粉组和小麦淀粉组相比,豌豆淀粉组的拟杆菌门、柔膜菌门、拟杆菌属和Odoribacter相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),变形菌门、Melainabacteria、肠杆菌科未定义属、肠球菌属和副拟杆菌属(Parabacteroides)相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,淀粉来源影响肉仔鸡的小肠消化酶活性,改变盲肠的发酵模式及微生物菌群,豌豆淀粉、木薯淀粉、玉米淀粉饲粮可增加肉仔鸡盲肠中的产酸菌群,促进微生物发酵,改善肠道菌群结构,促进有益菌生长。 相似文献
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选用48头平均体重约25kg的杜×长×大三元杂交猪,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每重复4头猪,分别饲喂含高蛋白木薯饲料(0,20%,30%,40%)的4种日粮,进行为期81天的饲养试验,试验结束时,每重复组选1头体重相近的猪进行屠宰测定,研究高蛋白木薯饲料对生长猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响。结果表明,饲喂高蛋白木薯饲料提高了猪的日增重和饲料转化效率,其中含30%高蛋白木薯饲料日粮组平均日增重最高,在试验全期的平均日增重分别比对照组I、组(20%)和Ⅲ组(40%)高8.05%(P<0.05)、4.72%(P>0.05)和4.86%(P>0.05),耗料增重比分别比对照组I、组和Ⅲ组低5.04%、2.88%和3.96%;日粮中高蛋白木薯饲料含量对生长猪屠宰率、胴体瘦肉率、背膘厚、眼肌面积的影响差异不显著(P>0.05);生长猪日粮中高蛋白木薯饲料的比例以30%较为适宜。 相似文献
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本文旨在研究小米、糯米、籼米和玉米4种不同谷物类饲料原料中淀粉(总淀粉、直链和支链淀粉、抗性和非抗性淀粉)含量及其在生长猪回肠末端和全消化道(粪)消化率.选择体重为(25±2.72)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交生长阉公猪16头,实施"T"型瘘管手术,随机分为4个处理(小米、玉米、糯米和籼米),每个处理4个重复,每个重复1头猪,分别直接饲喂小米、玉米、糯米和籼米单一日粮,试验期7 d.结果显示,在回肠末端和全消化道内,各日粮总淀粉的消化率分别是:小米组99.31%和99.88%,糯米组100%和100%,籼米组99.37%和100%,均显著高于玉米组98.26%和99.80%(P<0.05).由结果得知,以上4种谷物淀粉因其回肠末端消化率高而具有较高的葡萄糖供给效率. 相似文献
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本试验旨在评定发酵玉米浆的营养价值并探究其对育肥猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。试验1采用全收粪法测定发酵玉米浆对猪的有效能值和营养物质表观消化率。选取12头初始体重为（27.60±2.50）kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交去势公猪，随机分为2组，每组6个重复，每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮，试验组饲粮以发酵玉米浆替代基础饲粮中24.25%的供能组分。试验期12 d，包括7 d饲粮适应期和5 d粪尿收集期。试验2采用无氮饲粮和半纯合饲粮法测定发酵玉米浆氨基酸回肠末端消化率。选取6头初始体重为（37.17±1.17）kg装有简单T型瘘管的“杜×长×大”三元杂交去势公猪，随机分为2组，每组3头猪。采用2×2拉丁方设计，包括2个试验期和2个饲粮处理。每个试验期7 d，包括5 d饲粮适应期和2 d食糜收集期。试验饲粮包括1个以玉米淀粉-蔗糖为基础的无氮饲粮和1个含有40%发酵玉米浆的待测饲粮。试验3选取192头初始体重为（82.30±5.85）kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交猪，随机分为4组，每组6个重复，每个重复8头猪（公母各占1/2）。对照组（CON组）饲喂玉米-豆粕-麦麸型基础饲... 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2015,(19)
为了研究不同直/支链淀粉比对羔羊生长发育和肉质的影响,试验采用单因素试验设计,选择初生重无显著差异的48只初生公羔,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复4只,试验组羔羊分别饲喂由豌豆淀粉、玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉和木薯淀粉为唯一淀粉来源配制的试验日粮,其直/支链淀粉比分别为0.48,0.23,0.24,0.12,不同试验日粮中总淀粉、氮和能值的含量基本一致,分别在第21,35,56,77天每个重复屠宰1只羔羊进行相关测定。结果表明:在21,35,56,77天时,饲喂4种不同直/支链淀粉比对育肥羔羊日增重、平均采食量、料重比和体尺指标(体长、体高和胸围)没有显著影响(P0.05),其中饲喂豌豆淀粉日粮组的羔羊在日增重、平均采食量、料重比和体尺指标(体长、体高和胸围)上均高于其他三个试验组;背最长肌、p H值、滴水损失和眼肌面积没有显著差异(P0.05),其中滴水损失均以豌豆淀粉组的羔羊最低,而屠宰率和眼肌面积均以豌豆淀粉组的羔羊最高。说明饲喂直/支链淀粉比最高的豌豆淀粉日粮能提高羔羊生长性能并对羔羊肉品质有较好的影响。 相似文献
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本文旨在研究精料中直链与支链淀粉比对不同日龄羔羊瘤胃细菌菌群的影响。选取48只体重无显著差异(P0.05)的初生公羔,随机分成4组(每组3个重复,每个重复4只),各组精料中直链与支链淀粉比分别为0.12(木薯淀粉组)、0.23(玉米淀粉组)、0.24(小麦淀粉组)和0.48(豌豆淀粉组)。试验全期共77 d。于羔羊21、35、56和77日龄时,每个重复随机选择1只羔羊屠宰,采集瘤胃液样品。通过PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术测定分析羔羊瘤胃细菌菌群的多样性。结果表明,不同直链与支链淀粉比精料组的羔羊于21、35、56和77日龄时,瘤胃细菌多样性指数、均匀度和丰富度均无显著性差异(P0.05)。21日龄羔羊瘤胃细菌多样性指数显著高于35日龄(P0.05),56和77日龄羔羊瘤胃细菌多样性指数有所升高,但在数值上仍低于21日龄羔羊。DGGE回收的条带多属厚壁菌门及拟杆菌门。56日龄的小麦淀粉组羔羊瘤胃内牛单胞月形菌含量较高。由此可见,不同直链与支链淀粉比精料未影响羔羊瘤胃优势细菌的结构,但饲喂小麦淀粉饲粮可促进56日龄羔羊瘤胃内牛单胞月形菌的生长。 相似文献
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J. Deng X. Wu S. Bin T.‐J. Li R. Huang Z. Liu Y. Liu Z. Ruan Z. Deng Y. Hou Y.‐L. Yin 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(2):220-226
Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding different starch sources on piglets. Four diets were formulated with maize, brown rice, sticky rice and Hi‐Maize 1043 as starch sources, with resistant starch (RS) contents of 2.3%, 0.9%, 0.0%, 20.6%, and amylose and amylopectin ratio of 0.23%, 0.21%, 0.18%, 0.06% respectively. Fifty‐six pigs weaned at 28 days of age were randomly assigned to one of the four diets. In Exp. 1, six piglets in each group were fitted with an indwelling jugular catheter. After 25 days of feeding trial, venous blood samples were obtained at time zero and every 1 h for 4 h. In Exp. 2, the remaining piglets were used to determine the effects of different starch sources on the fractional synthesis rate (FSR). The results indicated that feeding the Hi‐Maize 1043 diet decreased (p < 0.05) plasma contents of glucose, insulin, lactic acid and T3, while sticky rice increased plasma contents of glucose and insulin. The insulin contents in piglets fed the sticky rice diet was 69.2 μIU/ml at 1 h post‐feeding which was highest among the starch diets. The FSR in the pancreas, spleen, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon in the corn group were much higher (p < 0.05) than that in the sticky rice group. These results suggest that RS is potentially beneficial for improving insulin sensitivity in young pigs and that the ratio of amylose and amylopectin have significantly effects on the FSR in splanchnic tissues in weaned piglets. Another finding of this study indicated maize with a ratio of amylose and amylopectin of 0.23 has the best starch sources for pig production. 相似文献
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饲粮纤维源对育肥猪生长性能、胴体组成和肉品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文旨在探讨不同纤维源对育肥猪生长性能、胴体组成和肉品质的影响.试验选用125头初始体重为(48.88±0.81) kg健康“杜×长×大”三元杂交生长肥育猪,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复5头猪,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)以及添加玉米纤维、大豆纤维、小麦麸纤维和豌豆纤维的4种试验饲粮,饲粮纤维的添加量为30％.试验猪体重约为100kg时结束试验.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,大豆纤维组猪的末重和平均日增重显著降低(P＜0.05),大豆纤维组、小麦麸纤维组和豌豆纤维组猪的平均日采食量极显著降低(P＜0.01),小麦麸纤维组和豌豆纤维组猪的料重比显著降低(P＜0.05).2)饲粮中添加4种纤维有降低猪屠宰率的趋势(P=0.06),但对猪的胴体斜长和眼肌面积无显著影响(P＞0.05);而大豆纤维组、小麦麸纤维组和豌豆纤维组猪的平均背膘厚显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).3)饲粮中添加4种纤维有增加猪背最长肌中粗蛋白质含量的趋势(P=0.07),但对背最长肌PH45min亮度值、大理石纹评分和剪切力均无显著影响(P＞0.05);与对照组相比,豌豆纤维组猪的背最长肌pH24h显著提高(P＜0.05),背最长肌滴水损失显著降低(P＜0.05);而大豆纤维组和小麦麸纤维组猪背最长肌肌内脂肪含量显著降低(P＜0.05).本研究提示,饲粮中不同的纤维来源会对育肥猪的生长性能、胴体组成和肉品质产生不同程度的影响,其中,豌豆纤维对保障育肥猪的生长性能、改善肉品质的效果较好. 相似文献
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为了研究断奶前补饲不同直/支链淀粉比开食料对羔羊瘤胃上皮发育的影响,选取24只体况良好、胎次一致、体重相近的10日龄羔羊(湖羊),将其随机分为3组,在饲喂相同母乳的基础上,分别补饲以纯木薯(CS)、玉米(MS)和豌豆淀粉(PS)(直/支链淀粉比分别约为0.11,0.27和0.44)为唯一淀粉来源的开食料。试验期间,每天4:00-19:00将羔羊抱入补饲栏补饲不同直/支链淀粉比的开食料,并且在6:30, 10:30和15:30将羔羊抱回母羊舍哺乳1 h。羔羊自由饮水,单栏饲喂,自由采食燕麦干草。56日龄时屠宰采样,采集瘤胃组织样品制作石蜡切片进行瘤胃乳头形态测定,采集瘤胃上皮样品提取RNA测定相关基因表达。结果表明:CS组羔羊瘤胃乳头长度和表面积显著(P<0.001)高于MS和PS组,CS和MS组羔羊瘤胃乳头宽度显著(P=0.001)高于PS组。对瘤胃上皮各层厚度统计显示,CS和PS组羔羊瘤胃上皮角质层厚度显著(P=0.001)高于MS组;CS和MS组羔羊瘤胃上皮颗粒层厚度显著高于(P<0.001)PS组;CS组羔羊瘤胃上皮棘基层厚度和总厚度显著(P<0.001)高于MS和PS组。qRT-PCR结果显示:不同直/支链淀粉比开食料显著影响羔羊瘤胃上皮CDK2和CDK6的mRNA表达量(CS>MS>PS, P<0.001);CS组羔羊瘤胃上皮细胞cyclin A和CDK4的mRNA表达量显著(P<0.05)高于PS组,但与MS组无显著差异;CS组羔羊瘤胃上皮cyclin D1的mRNA表达量显著(P=0.012)低于PS组,但与MS组无显著差异。CS组羔羊瘤胃上皮类胰岛素生长因子-1(insulin like growth factor,IGF-1)的mRNA表达量显著(P<0.001)高于MS和PS组,CS和MS组羔羊瘤胃上皮IGF-1R的mRNA表达量显著(P=0.001)高于PS组。上述结果表明:较高支链淀粉比开食料与较高直链淀粉比开食料相比,在瘤胃中较易降解生成挥发性脂肪酸,促进瘤胃上皮IGF-1及细胞周期蛋白mRNA的表达,进而有利于断奶前羔羊瘤胃上皮的发育。研究结果对制订羔羊营养方案具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
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D. Martinez-Puig J. Mourot V. Ferchaud-Roucher M. Anguita F. Garcia M. Krempf J.F. Prez 《Livestock Science》2006,99(2-3):237-247
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two different sources of starch on plasma glucose, acetate and insulin responses and peripheral lipogenesis in adipose and skeletal muscle tissues. Eighteen male growing pigs were fed a diet containing 250 g native corn starch/kg (CS; 26% amylose, 74% amylopectin) or 250 g raw potato starch/kg (RPS; 20% amylose, 80% amylopectin) as examples of digestible and resistant starch (type II), respectively. After 38 days on the experimental diets, twelve pigs (6 per treatment, Experiment 1) were killed and samples of adipose and muscular tissues were analysed for intramuscular lipid content and lipogenic enzyme activity. Lipogenic enzyme activities were significantly higher for CS than RPS in adipose tissues but not in muscular tissues. No differences were detected on the lipid content of the muscles tested. The six remaining pigs (3 per treatment, Experiment 2) were fitted with catheters in the saphenous vein and femoral artery after 28 days on the experimental diets. After feeding restoration to a level of 1.1 kg/day, they received a primed constant infusion of 1-13C acetate for a period of 90 min, starting 5 h after feeding the meal ingestion, and a primed constant infusion of 6,6-D2 glucose for 7 h, starting 1 h before the following meal ingestion. No differences were observed between diets on peripheral acetate entry rate. Glucose concentration, the rate of peripheral glucose appearance and insulin concentration were quantitatively higher after the meal for CS than for RPS diet. This shows the importance of type of dietary starch on lipogenesis as a result of changes in glycemia and insulinemia in adipose but not in muscular tissues of growing pigs. 相似文献
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17.
本试验用回—直肠吻合猪进行手术前后的对比试验 ,旨在研究回—直肠吻合术对于猪的水和盐代谢规律所产生的影响。以试验日粮分别于回—直肠吻合手术5天前和手术后15天定时、定量饲喂大莱公猪 ,连续收集3天试验猪的粪、尿样品 ,分别测定粪中的粗蛋白质、粗纤维及尿中的粗蛋白质和钾、钠、氯、钙离子含量。结果表明 :回—直肠吻合手术后 ,试验猪所排粪和尿的总量以及粪中的粗蛋白质、水分 ,尿中的粗蛋白质、钙离子含量与术前相比变化极显著(P<0.01) ;手术前后粪中的粗纤维及尿中的钠离子、氯离子含量差异显著(P<0.05) ;而手术对于尿中钾离子含量的影响不大(P>0.05)。 相似文献
18.
Can Yang Jun He Bing Yu Daiwen Chen XiangBing Mao Jie Yu Yulong Yin 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(2):644-652
Amylose plays important role in body health. It is controversial whether changing dietary amylose/amylopectin ratio (DAR) will improve meat quality in growing‐finishing pigs. A total of 48 Duroc × Landrace × Large White castrated male pigs (initial body weight 49.8 ± 2.8 kg) were randomly allotted to two treatments, and fed ad libitum either with a low DAR diet (LR, amylose/amylopectin: 12/88) or a high DAR diet (HR, amylose/amylopectin: 30/70) for 68 days. Feed intake was recorded every day, body weight was weighed at 46th and 68th day to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and Feed:gain ratio. Blood was collected at ?30 min (fasting 12 hr), 60, 90, 120, 180 min postprandial at 64th day and then serum was obtained by centrifugation of blood at 1,500× g at 4°C. After pigs were slaughtered, samples such as longissimus dorsi, iliopsoas and semitendinosus were collected. Density, diameter and types of muscle fibres were analysed. Results showed that ADG, ADFI, Feed:Gain ratio, cross‐sectional area of longissimus dorsi muscle, backfat thickness, colour scores were not affected by DAR. Ingestion of LR diet increased the fasting glucose (p < 0.05) and insulin (p < 0.05) concentrations in serum. The drip loss and firmness were decreased significantly in LR vs. HR animals (p < 0.05). Densities of muscle fibre in longissimus dorsi, iliopsoas and semitendinosus were greater in LR pigs (p < 0.05). Moreover, ingestion of LR diet significantly increased myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIa mRNA level and decreased MyHC IIb gene expression in longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) (p < 0.05). Therefore, intake of diet low in amylose/amylopectin ratio induces a better meat quality (lower drip loss and lower firmness), which could attribute to smaller myofibres, a shift to slower and/or more oxidative fibres. 相似文献