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1.
应用部分扣除饲粮氨基酸(AA)的氮平衡试验法研究了大白×长白猪生长阶段(35～60kg)和育肥阶段(60～90kg)的可消化赖(DLys)、蛋 +胱(D -SAA)、苏(DThr)、色氨酸(DTrp)平衡模式。每个阶段各用18头猪进行N平衡试验。每个N平衡试验均设6个处理组 ,即高蛋白基础日粮组(BD)、低蛋白加合成AA对照组(PC)、在PC基础上分别将研究的扣除25 %4种氨基酸的其它4个试验组。每个处理设3个重复 ,每重复1头猪。饲粮为玉米—豆粕—玉米蛋白粉型。所有饲粮等能(3.40McalDE/kg) ,基础饲粮CP与DLys水平相应为161g/kg、5.28g/kg。试验结果表明 ,按单位代谢体重的N沉积与可消化氨基酸摄入量计算 ,大长猪生长阶段DLys、D -SAA、DThr、DTrp的平衡比例为100 :49 :72 :19 ;育肥阶段为100 :34 :64 :23。表明氨基酸平衡模式因猪的体重阶段不同而异  相似文献   

2.
35～60kg生长猪可消化氨基酸需要量研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
选用大白×长白杂种猪 6 0头 ,试验采用单因子试验设计 ,随机分为 5个处理 ,每个处理 4个重复 (圈 ) ,每个重复3头猪。 5个处理饲粮DLys水平分别为 0 .33%、0 .46 %、0 .5 8%、0 .71%和 0 .83% ,相应的CP分别为 8.6 1%、11.33%、14.0 6 %、16 .6 7%、19.2 9%。饲粮等能 (13.6 4MJDE/kg) ,等氨基酸模式 ,其氨基酸模式DLys:D -SAA :DThr:DTrp为 10 0 6 0 6 1 18。试猪始重 35 .2± 3.5 8kg ,末重 5 9.5 7± 6 .37kg。试验除考察生产性能外 ,还同时测定了氨基酸的回肠表观消化率。结果表明 :生长猪的ADG(Y1)、饲料转化率 (Y2 )均随饲粮DLys水平 (X)的增加呈显著的二次曲线变化。当DLys水平分别为 0 .6 4%和 0 .6 6 %时 ,ADG和饲料转化率分别达到极大值 (76 2 .32g)、极高值 (2 .85 )。由此可推算 ,35～6 0kg生长猪达最佳生产性能的DLys、D -SAA、DThr、DTrp和CP需要量分别为 0 .6 5 %、0 .39%、0 .40 %、0 .12 %、15 .43% ,饲粮DLys/DE之比为 0 .48g/MJ。  相似文献   

3.
本研究旨在理想氨基酸模式下,探讨不同氨基酸水平的低蛋白质饲粮对后备母猪初情日龄、血清代谢产物和激素浓度的影响。选用96头体貌相近、平均体重为(69.01±3.43)kg的长白×大白杂交后备母猪,随机分成4个组,每个组4个重复,分别饲喂4种不同可消化赖氨酸(DLys)水平的低蛋白质饲粮,并通过添加合成氨基酸保证4组饲粮中可消化赖氨酸、可消化含硫氨基酸、可消化苏氨酸和可消化色氨酸的值一致。70~100kg阶段,饲粮DLys水平为0.61%(组1)、0.66%(组2)、0.71%(组3)、0.76%(组4);100~125kg阶段,饲粮DLys水平为0.55%(组1)、0.60%(组2)、0.65%(组3)、0.70%(组4)。结果表明,增加饲粮DLys水平显著提高血清中赖氨酸(Lys)浓度,对血清甘油三酯(TG)和葡萄糖(GLU)浓度的影响不显著(P0.05);血清胰岛素(INS)、胰岛素样生长因子-I(IGF-I)、促黄体素(LH)和雌二醇(E2)浓度随饲粮DLys水平的增加而提高,试验组3达到最高值(P0.05),之后随DLys水平的增加而降低,试验组3血清INS浓度显著高于试验组1(P0.05);后备母猪背膘厚和发情率随着饲粮DLys水平的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势(P0.05),初情日龄试验组3比试验组4显著提前(P0.05)。综上表明,在理想氨基酸模式下,长大后备母猪70~100kg阶段和100~125kg阶段饲粮DLys适宜日摄入量分别为17.82和17.29g·d~(-1),即饲粮DLys水平分别为0.71%和0.65%时,有利于提高后备母猪血清代谢激素INS、IGF-I和生殖激素LH、E_2的浓度,缩短初情期日龄,提高发情率。  相似文献   

4.
旨在从体内与体外探究过量赖氨酸对断奶仔猪的影响。本试验选用144头杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪，随机分为4组，每组6个重复，每个重复6头仔猪（3头阉公猪和3头母猪），各组在日粮中分别添加1.3%、2.6%、3.9%和5.2%的回肠标准可消化赖氨酸（standardized ileal digestibility lysine，SID Lys），观察其对于仔猪生长性能、器官指数以及生理生化等指标的影响。以IPEC-J2为体外模型，根据培养基与营养需要中氨基酸的种类与比例，添加赖氨酸及其他氨基酸，测定IPEC-J2细胞的增殖情况，并试图通过平衡氨基酸手段降低因过量添加赖氨酸造成的不利影响。结果显示，随着日粮SID Lys添加量的增加，断奶仔猪的生长性能显著下降（P<0.05），血浆平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（mean corpuscular hemoglobin，MCH）、部分血清游离氨基酸含量和肠道形态受到影响。当在培养基中添加2.0 mmol·L-1赖氨酸时，IPEC-J2细胞活力显著下降（P<0.05），培养基中原赖氨酸浓度（0.5 mmol·L-1）是IPEC-J2生长的最适浓度。当按照培养基中氨基酸平衡比例补充其他必需氨基酸时，细胞活力有一定程度的改善；当按照猪碱性氨基酸的最适比例补充相应浓度的精氨酸与组氨酸时，细胞活力随处理时间的变化而变化。综上所述，单独添加过多的赖氨酸对断奶仔猪的生长会产生负面作用，在生产实际应用中应充分考虑氨基酸之间的平衡。  相似文献   

5.
不同理想蛋白质水平对生长猪氮代谢的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
本试验采用单因子试验设计 ,选择体重 54.0 4± 3.0 7kg的健康大白×长白杂交猪 2 0头 ,随机分为 5组 ,每组 4个重复 ,进行氮平衡试验。在等能等氨基酸 (AA)模式 (DLys∶D -SAA∶DThr∶DTrp为 1 0 0∶6 0∶6 1∶1 8)的基础上 ,研究了 5种不同理想蛋白质 (IP)水平的饲粮对生长猪氮代谢的影响。 5种饲粮的CP和DLys分别为 8.6 1、1 1 .33、1 4 .0 6、1 6 .6 7、1 9.2 9%和 0 .33、0 .4 6、0 .58、0 .71、0 .83%。试验结果表明 ,氮沉积 (NR)随IP水平的提高而增加 ,当CP为 1 6 .6 7%和DLys为 0 .71 %时 ,NR最大 ,之后再增加IP水平 ,NR又明显下降。氮排泄率随IP水平的提高而减少 ,当CP为 1 6 .6 7%和DLys为0 .71 %时 ,氮排泄率最少 ( 4 7.4 2 % ) ,之后再增加IP水平 ,氮排泄率又增多。血清尿素氮 (PUR)随IP水平的提高而增加。用回归分析发现。当DLys为 0 .77%时 ,CP为 1 8.1 % ,日粮具有最高消化率和最大NR及最低氮排泄  相似文献   

6.
通过2个试验研究了断奶仔猪胰高血糖素样肽-2（GLP-2）分泌规律和免疫应激对断奶仔猪肠道发育及GLP-2分泌的影响。试验1研究表明，仔猪断奶厌食降低了GLP-2的分泌，而随着采食量的恢复GLP-2分泌增加。试验2研究发现，免疫应激导致仔猪采食量急剧下降（P〈0.01），并使全身免疫系统活化；同时，试验前期（0-4 d）GLP-2分泌受免疫应激的影响而显著下降（P〈0.05），并影响了仔猪肠道形态学（绒毛高度/隐窝深度）和肠黏膜乳糖酶、蔗糖酶的活性。免疫应激条件下仔猪肠道黏膜杯状细胞数量也有下降的趋势。结果表明，免疫应激造成仔猪采食量下降和全身免疫系统活化，并引起GLP-2分泌不足，从而影响肠道发育。  相似文献   

7.
25～35kg生长猪可消化氨基酸的需要量   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  
本试验采用单因子试验设计法研究饲粮蛋白质 (CP)和可消化氨基酸水平对生长猪生产性能的影响。试验共设 5个处理 ,饲粮可消化赖氨酸 (Dlys)水平分别为 0 .4 0 %、0 .55%、0 .70 %、0 .85%和 1 .0 % ,Dlys/CP之比为 5%。饲粮等能 ( 1 3.72MJDE/kg) ,等氨基酸模式。其中 ,赖氨酸与可消化含硫氨基酸 (D-SAA)、可消化苏氨酸 (DThr)、可消化色氨酸 (DTrp)之比为 1 0 0 59 6 2 1 9。试猪为大白×长白杂交猪 ,平均起始重 2 5.1 8kg ,结束重 36 .86kg。结果表明 ,生长猪的平均日增重 (Y1)和饲料转化率 (Y2 )均随饲粮赖氨酸水平 (x)的增加呈显著的二次曲线变化。Y1(g) =-4 90 .4 2 7+ 2 6 91 .0 31X -1 50 1 .84 1X2 　　R2 =0 .996 2Y2 =9.891 -1 6 .784X + 9.36 5X2 R2 =0 .990 9当赖氨酸水平分别为 0 .8959%、0 .896 1 %时 ,平均日增重和饲料转化率分别达 71 5g和 2 .37。由此推算 ,2 5～ 35kg生长猪达到最大生产性能的Dlys、D -SAA、DThr、DTrp及CP的需要量分别为 0 .896 %、0 .52 9%、0 .556 %、0 .1 70 %、1 7.92 0 % ,饲粮CP/DE为 1 3.0 6g/MJ,Dlys/CP为 5.0 0 % ,Dlys/DE为 0 .6 5g/MJ。  相似文献   

8.
肥育猪可消化赖氨酸需要量研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本试验旨在确定70~100 kg猪可消化赖氨酸(DLys)的最佳需要量。选用60头平均体重约70 kg的三元杂交杜长大猪,随机分为5组,每组3个重复。以酶解酪蛋白法(EHC)测定的饲料原料DLys含量为基础按理想蛋白质氨基酸模式(IAAP)配制日粮(等能、等氨基酸模式),通过测定不同剂量DLys处理组猪生长性能、血液指标及胴体品质,确定70~100 kg猪可消化赖氨酸(DLys)的最佳需要量。结果表明:(1)DLys水平为0.47%~0.59%时,平均日增重(ADG)、无脂瘦肉生长指数(FFLI)随DLys水平的提高而增加,0.59%DLys组达到最大,分别为782 g/d和313.8 g/d(P<0.05),之后随DLys水平的提高而下降;(2)料肉比(F/G)随DLys的提高先下降后上升,0.5 9%DLys组最低为3.2 0(P<0.0 1);(3)血浆尿素氮(SUN)浓度随DLys水平的升高而显著上升(P<0.0 5),眼肌面积也随之显著增大(P<0.05),背膘厚则变薄;(4)0.59%DLys组生长激素(GH)水平显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。另外,血清总蛋白(TP)、游离甲状腺素T3(FT3)水平各组间无显著差异。综合试验结果表明,70~100 kg猪DLys最佳需要量为0.59%(15.9 g/d),相应的粗蛋白质为12.96%,以消化能浓度表示则为0.43 g/MJ。  相似文献   

9.
选用体重、体况和背膘厚相近的健康荣昌猪经产分娩母猪24头,随机分为4个处理,分别饲喂可消化赖氨酸(DLys)水平为0.70%、0.80%、0.90%和1.0%的等能、等氨基酸模式的玉米-豆粕-麦麸型日粮。通过考察其繁育性能和血清生化指标,确定荣昌猪哺乳母猪适宜的DLys水平。结果表明:①饲粮可消化赖氨酸水平显著影响哺乳母猪发情间隔和哺乳仔猪的窝增重(P<0.05),而对母猪哺乳期失重和采食量影响不显著(P>0.05);②饲粮可消化赖氨酸水平对哺乳母猪血清尿素氮和甘油三酯具有显著影响(P<0.05);其他血液指标则不受饲粮赖氨酸水平的影响。由此可知,泌乳母猪饲粮适宜的可消化赖氨酸和粗蛋白水平分别为0.8%和15.2%。  相似文献   

10.
仔猪苏氨酸营养需要量的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
为研究早期断奶仔猪苏氨酸需要量，用大白仔猪进行了生长———代谢实验（体重７～２０ｋｇ）和大长北仔猪饲养实验（体重６～１０～２０ｋｇ），其结果为：①为获得最大日增重和最好饲料报酬，７～２０ｋｇ体重大白仔猪日粮总苏氨酸（ＴＴＨＲ）和可消化苏氨酸（ＤＴＨＲ）适宜含量分别为０．７５％、０．６１％；大长北仔猪分别为０．７５％、０．６４％（６～１０ｋｇ体重）和０．６２％、０．５３％（１０～２０ｋｇ体重）。此ＴＴＨＲ水平相当于美国ＮＲＣ（１９８８）标准相应阶段推荐量的１１０％。②以玉米、豆粕、花生粕为主要原料的５～２０ｋｇ体重仔猪日粮，适宜的必需氨基酸比例（总氨基酸为基础）估计为：赖／含硫／苏／色＝１００：６５：６５：２０。以此必需氨基酸模式配制仔猪日粮，可取得较好的饲养效果，氮沉积和血清尿素氮（ＳＵＮ）浓度较低。③随着日粮苏氨酸水平由８０％ＮＲＣ（１９８８）推荐量增加到１１０％ＮＲＣ（实验１）和１２０％（实验２），仔猪ＳＵＮ浓度逐渐下降。ＳＵＮ可以作为评价仔猪日粮氨基酸平衡和苏氨酸含量是否适宜的指标之一。④在本实验条件下，日粮不同苏氨酸浓度并未引起仔猪血清胆固醇（实验１）、白蛋白、球蛋白（实验２）含量的明显差别。在实验  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

17.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

18.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

19.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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