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1.
试验选用30周龄罗曼公、母鸡72只,分为12个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复1只试鸡,单笼饲养,分别饲喂蛋氨酸水平为理想需要量的36%、50%、65%、75%、85%和100%的半纯合梯度日粮,建立蛋白质和蛋氨酸沉积量对蛋氨酸食入量间的回归方程,来确定30周龄罗曼公母鸡的可利用蛋氨酸维持需要量。结果表明:公鸡蛋白沉积量显著高于母鸡(P<0.05)。分别以蛋白质和蛋氨酸沉积量为因变量,所得公鸡可利用蛋氨酸维持需要分别为每天39.34mg/kgBW0.7(5或表示为266.81mg/kgBPM)和1.93mg/kgBW0.7(5或表示为13.11mg/kgBPM)。母鸡可利用蛋氨酸维持需要分别为每天52.32mg/kgBW0.7(5或表示为282.14mg/kgBPM)和7.76mg/kgBW0.7(5或表示为41.87mg/kgBPM);由蛋白质沉积量为因变量所得的回归方程外推零蛋白质沉积时的蛋氨酸维持需要量要显著高于以零蛋氨酸沉积所得的维持需要量(P>0.05),母鸡可利用蛋氨酸维持需要高于公鸡的测定结果。 相似文献
2.
《动物营养学报》2020,(8)
本试验旨在研究牦牛妊娠后期能量和蛋白质的维持需要量,为牦牛饲养标准的建立提供基础参数。利用随机分组设计将15头体重相近、经同期发情处理并本交配种的妊娠牦牛随机分为3组(每组5头牛),分别按自由采食(AL组)、80%采食量(IR80组)和60%采食量(IR60组)3个饲养水平进行饲喂。每组各选3头牦牛在妊娠180～185 d和210～215 d时进行2期消化代谢试验,在妊娠186～190 d和216～220 d时进行2期气体代谢试验,测定其碳代谢指标(食入碳、粪碳、尿碳、甲烷碳、二氧化碳碳)、能量代谢指标(食入总能、粪能、尿能、甲烷能)和氮代谢指标[食入氮(NI)、粪氮、尿氮],计算得出沉积氮(NR)、代谢能采食量(MEI)和能量沉积量(ER),通过回归分析得出牦牛妊娠后期维持净蛋白质和维持代谢能需要量。结果显示:牦牛妊娠180和210 d时NI[g/(kg W~(0.75)·d)]与NR[g/(kg W~(0.75)·d)]的回归方程分别为NR=1.046_((±0.18))NI-0.600_((±0.09))和NR=1.065_((±0.15))NI-0.611_((±0.07)),其纵坐标截距即为维持净氮需要量,乘以系数6.25即为维持净蛋白质需要量;牦牛妊娠180和210 d时MEI[kJ/(kg W~(0.75)·d)]与ER[kJ/(kg W~(0.75)·d)]的回归方程分别为ER=1.722_((±0.55))MEI-755.760_((±184.19))和ER=0.988_((±0.25))MEI-534.870_((±87.35)),当ER=0时的MEI即为其维持代谢能需要量。由回归方程得出,牦牛妊娠180和210 d时维持净蛋白质需要量分别为3.75和3.82 g/(kg W~(0.75)·d),维持代谢能需要量分别为438.81和541.64 kJ/(kg W~(0.75)·d)。 相似文献
3.
德系安哥拉兔蛋白质维持需要量及可消化粗蛋白质利用效率的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
作者用德系安哥拉毛兔282只进行了47组(其中幼兔7、妊娠兔16、哺乳兔11、成年产毛兔13组)消化代谢试验,日粮粗蛋白质含量7.49～22.71％,根据氮平衡结果建立了不同生理阶段兔的粗蛋白质食入量与沉积蛋白质、可消化粗蛋白质食入量与沉积蛋白质的回归方程,由此估算出生长、妊娠、哺乳、成年产毛兔每千克代谢体重的粗蛋白质维持需要量分别为4.87、6.71、4.80、6.14克,可消化粗蛋白质维持需要量分别为2.52、4.59、3.15、4.11克,可消化粗蛋白质的利用效率分别为0.784、0.723、0.754、0.613。 相似文献
4.
本研究旨在通过建立数学模型估测肉鹅的氨基酸需要量.利用析因法将肉鹅的氨基酸需要量剖分为生长和维持2部分.试验1:设计无氮和低氮2种饲粮,研究维持状态下肉鹅蛋白质需要量.试验2:利用屠宰试验,分析肉鹅沉积于羽毛、胴体和内脏中的蛋白质量,研究肉鹅生长的蛋白质需要量.结果表明:肉鹅由皮肤脱落损失的蛋白质量为6.52 g/d,肌酐代谢排出的蛋白质量为1.26 g/d,内源损失的蛋白质量为3.48 g/d,由此得出肉鹅维持每千克代谢体重的蛋白质需要量为5.37 g/d;单位体增重中沉积于羽毛和体组织(胴体和内脏)中的蛋白质量分别为0.045 1和0.141 8 g/d.由上述结果估测肉鹅氨基酸需要量的数学模型为:AA＝5.37W2/3×MAA+0.045 1ΔW×FAA+0.141 8ΔW×CAA.式中:AA为氨基酸需要量(g/d);W2/3为代谢体重(kg);ΔW为日增重(g);MAA、FAA、CAA分别为维持、羽毛、胴体生长的氨基酸模式.利用此模型对肉鹅0～9周龄的氨基酸需要量进行动态估测,多数氨基酸的需要量高于前苏联畜牧科学研究所(1985)的建议量. 相似文献
5.
本试验是为了估测不同年龄和性别的快速生长鸡每日的氮维持需要(NMR)和每日氮沉积潜能(NDmaxT)。在氮平衡试验中,用144只公鸡和144母鸡在4个连续的生长期做了相应的研究,(Ⅰ:10~25 d;Ⅱ:30~45 d;Ⅲ:50~65 d;Ⅳ:70~85 d)。试验日粮由高蛋白质大豆和氨基酸晶体作为蛋白质来源,又各设了6个梯度的蛋白质水平(N1=6.6%;N2=13.0%;N3=19.6%;N4=25.1%;N5=31.8%;N6=37.6%)。通过食入氮和总氮排出量的指数函数来确定氮维持需要。氮维持需要的平均值(252mg N/BWkg0.67.d)用于进一步计算NDmaxT,即为食入氮和日氮平衡间函数的阈值。本试验采用SPSS11.5 Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm模型估测阈值,相对应的得出公鸡4个生长期每日氮沉积最大理论值分别为3592、2723、1702、1386 mg N/BWkg0.67.d,母鸡的分别为3452、2604、1501、1286 mg N/BWkg0.67.d。已得出的模型参数是估测氨基酸需要的前提,而估测氨基酸需要主要以氮利用指数模型为基础,再由生产性能和日粮氨基酸利用率而定。这个程序将会在随后的文章中得到进一步的完善和应用。 相似文献
6.
本试验旨在研究妊娠后期云南半细毛羊的维持蛋白质需要量，为其饲养标准的制定提供理论依据。试验选取50只体重相近[（46.52±4.58)kg]的妊娠后期（妊娠第111 ~ 140天）云南半细毛羊，随机分为5个组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组），每组10个重复，每个重复1只羊。饲粮粗蛋白质水平为6.31%、7.77%、10.47%、12.69%和15.25%，采用饲养试验与消化代谢试验相结合的研究方法，探究妊娠后期云南半细毛羊的蛋白质代谢规律和蛋白质需要量。结果表明：（1）妊娠后期云南半细毛羊的平均日增重和干物质采食量随着饲粮粗蛋白质水平的升高而线性升高。（2）妊娠后期云南半细毛羊的氮摄入量、粪氮、尿氮、氮表观消化率、可消化氮和氮沉积量均随着饲粮粗蛋白质水平的升高而线性升高。（3）妊娠后期云南半细毛羊氮沉积量（RN）和氮摄入量（NI）的回归关系为：RN=0.5441 NI-0.2059（R2=0.9959）。基于RN和NI的回归关系，本试验最终得到云南半细毛羊妊娠后期的维持蛋白质需要量为2.365 g/（kg W0.75·d）。
[关键词] 云南半细毛羊|妊娠后期|蛋白质代谢|蛋白质需要 相似文献
7.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(18)
为了测定特种野猪的基础氮代谢和内源氨基酸排出规律,得到维持粗蛋白质需要计算公式。试验选择体重接近45 kg的特种野猪6头,置于代谢笼中,单笼饲养,采用无氮饲粮法测定其代谢粪氮(MFN)、内源尿氮(EUN)、体表氮损失(SLN)及内源氨基酸损失规律。结果表明:特种野猪1 kg干物质采食量(DMI)的MFN损失为1.243 g,内源氨基酸排出量为6.076 g;每单位代谢体重的EUN损失为0.21 g/d,SLN为0.024 g/d。特种野猪的维持粗蛋白质需要量计算公式为:R=6.25×[(1.243×DMI)+(0.21×BW~(0.75))+(0.024×BW~(0.75))]/(BV×TD)。式中:R为维持粗蛋白质需要(g/d),DMI为每天DMI(kg/d),BW为动物的体重(kg)。BV为蛋白质生物学价值,取值0.55;TD为蛋白质真实消化率,取值0.80。 相似文献
8.
《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2015,(2)
<正>为探讨夏南牛蛋白质需要量及修订饲养标准,选择30头体况良好、体质量相近(275.57±8.99)kg的11~12月龄夏南牛公牛,按完全随机试验设计,将试验牛分为5个处理,每个处理6头牛,采用饲养试验和氮平衡试验,测定了夏南牛日增重、粗蛋白采食量、粪氮排泄量与尿氮排泄量。结果表明:在本试验条件下,夏南牛单位代谢体质量维持粗蛋白(CP m)需要量为5.40 g/(kg·d),每千克增重的粗蛋白(CP g)需要量为359.35 g/kg;可消化粗蛋白维持需要量为2.79 g/(kg·d),每千克增重的可消化 相似文献
9.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(3)
为了研究育成期崂山奶山羊蛋白质需要量,试验采用饲养试验、消化代谢试验研究育成期崂山奶山羊蛋白质需要量及氮代谢规律,选用144日龄、体重相近[(14.57±0.32)kg]的崂山奶山羊断奶母羊30只,采用单因素设计,随机分成3个处理,每个处理10个重复,每个重复1只羊,分别饲喂能量、纤维、钙及磷水平基本一致,粗蛋白质(CP)水平分别为10.5%、13.2%和15.8%的3种饲粮。结果表明:15.8%组试验羊具有最高日增重120.86 g/d,极显著高于10.5%组(105.49 g/d),试验羊每增重1 g需要粗蛋白质0.36 g/d。育成期崂山奶山羊蛋白质需要量析因公式分别为RCP=3.27 W0.75+0.38△W、RDCP=2.43 W0.75+0.27△W,沉积蛋白=1.24W0.75+0.12△W[RCP为粗蛋白质需要量(g/d),RDCP为可消化粗蛋白质需要量(g/d),W0.75为代谢体重(kg),△W为平均日增重(g/d)]。 相似文献
10.
11.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary protein level on nitrogen retention and compare nitrogen metabolism in Lohmann Brown adult roosters and layers. The nitrogen maintenance requirement ( Nm ) was determined based on the nitrogen balance. Thirty Lohmann Brown adult roosters and 30 laying hens at 27 weeks of age were randomly divided into five groups of six birds per group. The birds were fed with one of five diets containing 10.46%, 11.77%, 13.79%, 16.77% or 18.29%of crude protein. Nitrogen intake, nitrogen retention and nitrogen retention efficiency were higher in roosters than in laying hens, and the average nitrogen retention rate for groups fed with CP level of 11.77%,13.79%, 16.77% and 18. 29% was improved by 9.14%. The nitrogen maintenance requirement for Lohmann Brown roosters and laying hens at 27 weeks of age were 0.4245 g/d and 0.5059 g/d, respectively,and Nm based on average body weight (BW) and metabolic body weight ( BW0.75 ) was 0.2364 g/kg BW and 0.2739 g/kg BW0.75 for laying hens and 0.2754 g/kg BW and 0.3208 g/kg BW0.75 for roosters, respectively. The regression equations for daily N gain ( NB, protein accretion) vs. daily N intake ( NI )for Lohmann Brown layers and roosters were NB =0.3743NI -0. 1589(R2 =0.79) and NB =0.6228NI -0.3151 (R2 =0.85),respectively. The results of this study indicate that nitrogen intake and nitrogen retention at the same dietary CP level were higher in roosters than in laying hens. 相似文献
12.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary protein level on nitrogen retention and compare nitrogen metabolism in Lohmann Brown adult roosters and layers. The nitrogen maintenance requirement (Nm) was determined based on the nitrogen balance. Thirty Lohmann Brown adult roosters and 30 laying hens at 27 weeks of age were randomly divided into five groups of six birds per group. The birds were fed with one of five diets containing 10.46%, 11.77%, 13.79%, 16.77% or 18.29% of crude protein. Nitrogen intake, nitrogen retention and nitrogen retention efficiency were higher in roosters than in laying hens, and the average nitrogen retention rate for groups fed with CP level of 11.77%, 13.79%, 16.77% and 18.29% was improved by 9.14%. The nitrogen maintenance requirement for Lohmann Brown roosters and laying hens at 27 weeks of age were 0.4245 g/d and 0.5059 g/d, respectively, and Nm based on average body weight (BW) and metabolic body weight (BW0.75) was 0.2364 g/kg BW and 0.2739 g/kg BW0.75 for laying hens and 0.2754 g/kg BW and 0.3208 g/kg BW0.75 for roosters, respectively. The regression equations for daily N gain (NB, protein accretion) vs. daily N intake (NI) for Lohmann Brown layers and roosters were NB = 0.3743NI–0.1589 (R2 = 0.79) and NB = 0.6228NI–0.3151 (R2 = 0.85), respectively. The results of this study indicate that nitrogen intake and nitrogen retention at the same dietary CP level were higher in roosters than in laying hens. 相似文献
13.
试验选取28周龄健康的罗曼公母鸡各16只,分别分为2个处理,每处理8个重复,每个重复1只鸡,分别饲喂2种试验日粮,即无氮日粮(NFD)和NFD+5%酪蛋白,比较分析2种方法测得的公母鸡内源氨基酸排泄量(EAAL)的差异。结果表明:采用NFD法和NFD+5%酪蛋白所得的公母鸡内源氨基酸和总蛋白质的排泄量有所不同。酪蛋白组能够增加内源氮和内源氨基酸的排泄量,NFD+5%酪蛋白法所测得的内源氮和内源氨基酸排泄量更接近试鸡的真实情况。2种测定方法公鸡内源氮和内源氨基酸的排泄量均高于母鸡的结果。 相似文献
14.
本试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能(ME)水平对产蛋期汶上芦花鸡生产性能、血清生化指标和蛋品质的影响,并建立代谢能需要量析因模型,确定产蛋期汶上芦花鸡的饲粮代谢能需要量。试验采用单因素完全随机设计,选取40周龄、体重相近的健康汶上芦花鸡360只,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。各组分别饲喂代谢能水平为10.68、10.89、11.10、11.30和11.51MJ/kg的试验饲粮,其他主要营养水平保持一致。预试期7d,试验期35d。结果表明:1)饲粮代谢能水平对产蛋期汶上芦花鸡的平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日代谢能摄入量(ADMEI)、平均体重、代谢体重(BW0.75)、产蛋数、产蛋率和平均日产蛋量(ADEM)均有显著影响(P0.05)。随饲粮代谢能水平的升高,ADFI、ADMEI、产蛋数、产蛋率和ADEM呈增加趋势,但当代谢能水平为11.51 MJ/kg时降低。随饲粮代谢能水平的升高,料蛋比呈降低趋势,但当代谢能水平为11.51 MJ/kg时增加。饲粮代谢能水平为11.51和11.30 MJ/kg时的平均体重和BW0.75显著高于代谢能水平为11.10 MJ/kg时(P0.05)。2)随饲粮代谢能水平的升高,产蛋期汶上芦花鸡的血清葡萄糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TCHO)含量均呈增加趋势。3)饲粮代谢能水平对产蛋期汶上芦花鸡的蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色、哈氏单位和蛋黄比率有显著影响(P0.05)。低能组(代谢能水平为10.68、10.89和11.10 MJ/kg)的蛋白高度和哈氏单位显著高于高能组(代谢能水平为11.30和11.51 MJ/kg)(P0.05)。随饲粮代谢能水平的升高,蛋黄颜色和蛋黄比率呈增加趋势,其中代谢能水平为11.51 MJ/kg时的蛋黄颜色和蛋黄比率显著高于其他各代谢能水平时(P0.05)。4)以ADMEI为因变量,以平均日增重(ADG)、ADEM和BW0.75为自变量,拟合41~45周龄汶上芦花鸡饲粮代谢能需要量的析因模型为:ADMEI=0.88 ADG+10.63 ADEM+476.40 BW0.75(R2=0.982 5,P0.05)。满足41~45周龄汶上芦花鸡最佳生产性能的适宜饲粮代谢能需要量为11.29 MJ/kg。 相似文献
15.
1. The aim of this study was to determine the nitrogen balance and the performance of laying hens fed on diets with a protein content lower than the diets currently used in commercial practice but with adequate concentrations of lysine, sulphur amino acids, tryptophan and threonine. 2. Ninety-six Hy-Line Brown hens, 24 weeks old, were divided into 3 groups of 8 replicates and received, for 16 weeks, diets formulated to have 3 different protein concentrations: 170 (control), 150 and 130 g/kg CP and the same energy content. For each protein concentration, the contents of lysine, methionine, methionine+cystine, tryptophan and threonine were maintained at minimum requirement concentrations by supplying synthetic amino acids. 3. In the first half of the trial, egg production and egg weight were similar in all groups. From the 9th week onwards group 150 CP laid heavier eggs and had a slightly lower egg deposition and total mass. Food conversion ratio was best in the control group. 4. Nitrogen intake was related to the protein concentration of the diet, the food intake being almost the same in the 3 experimental groups. Faecal nitrogen content significantly and linearly decreased with reduction in dietary protein content and was about 50% of the intake. Considering the nitrogen faecal/intake ratio, the 150 CP group showed better nitrogen utilisation at each sampling time. 相似文献
16.
This study tested the hypothesis that the effect of lysine intake, if first-limiting, on protein retention in growing pigs is completely independent of the effects of energy intake, differences in the protein retention capacity among genotypes and gender, and body weight. Protein retention, using the nitrogen balance technique, was measured in 12 castrated male German Landrace and Pietrain pigs at 44 and 77 kg of BW and at two energy intake levels (1.1 and 1.3 MJ ME/kg BW.75). All animals received a constant amount of a basal diet that provided a protein intake of 220 g/d and a total lysine intake of 13 g/d. Appropriate amounts of cornstarch were offered additionally to reach the intended energy intake levels. The results show that neither energy intake nor breed had any effect on the level of protein retention, whereas, at 77 kg BW, protein retention was significantly lower than at 44 kg (117.8 and 123.5 g/d, respectively), which can be attributed to the higher requirement for maintenance. The results of this experiment and the linearity of the relationship between protein retention and lysine intake as shown by several authors simplify both the prediction of protein retention from lysine intake and the calculation of the lysine requirement for a particular protein retention. However, to ensure accuracy of these predictions, it is essential to know when ratios of lysine to other amino acids and to energy and capacity for protein retention in the animal become first-limiting. 相似文献
17.
生长鹅氮维持需要量的比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验通过采用回归法(REG)、无氮日粮法(NFD)和绝食代谢法(FAS)比较研究生长期扬州鹅的氮维持需要(Nm)。结果表明:(1)三种方法所得的Nm分别为242.3、191.2和243.7mg/kgBW0.75;(2)NFD研究得出,排泄物含氮量和总氮量与无氮日粮采食量分别呈极显著和显著的负相关(P=0.000,P<0.01和P=0.019,P<0.05)。REG和FAS这两种方法估测结果较为接近,其中REG法更为可靠,更可取,生长期扬州鹅的Nm为240.0mg/kgBW0.75左右。 相似文献
18.
1. Medium weight laying hens were used for an assay to determine their isoleucine requirement between 26 and 36 weeks of age and again between 46 and 56 weeks of age. 2. Two isoleucine-limiting mixtures were formulated with similar amino acid profiles, one containing 198 g and the other 110 g crude protein per kg diet. These mixtures were blended to give a series of 11 diets with isoleucine contents ranging from 7.6 to 3.8 g/kg. The lowest protein diet was also fed with a supplement of L-isoleucine. Each of the 12 diets was given to 5 groups of 24 laying hens. 3. The daily isoleucine requirement of individual laying hens was estimated to be 9.48 mg/g egg output plus 44.47 mg/kg body weight per day for the 1st period and 12.11 mg/g egg output plus 6.86 mg/kg body weight per day for the 2nd period. Calculated optimum intakes of isoleucine for various ratios of cost of input to value of output are tabulated. For example, for a flock of medium weight hens producing an average of 50 g daily egg mass, the optimum isoleucine intake (mg/hen d) varied between 760 and 890 varying for ratios of costs to egg prices. 4. It is concluded that the isoleucine required per day does not decrease during the first laying year despite a decrease in rate of egg output. 相似文献
19.
In the top laying period (29th/30th week of life) egg protein synthesis and protein retention in the bodies of laying hens were ascertained. Based on egg-N analyses, the relation between N-intake/live weight0.67kg and egg-N discharge/kg LW0.67kg was regressively calculated and described. The subtraction of egg-N discharge/LW0.67kg from N-balance/LW0.67kg made it possible to estimate N-retention/LW0.67kg in the body. From the intersection of this curve with the chi-axis it follows that the broiler hen meets the N-requirement for maintenance and egg production with a daily consumption of 1,264.7 mg N/LW0.67kg, which corresponds to 15.8 g crude protein, and then neither loses nor retains body protein. At a daily intake of this amount of CP (15.8 g) the broiler hen produces 44.1 g egg per day. An energy intake of more than 70 EFUhen/animal and day resulted in fat retention in the broiler hen. 相似文献