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1.
CAI Qiu ZHANG Mingzhong LIU Kangshu ZHU Ming SHU Danqiu WANG Xingning LU Cunren LUAN Junming 《动物营养学报》2012,24(3)
本研究旨在探讨饲粮添加必需微量元素铜、铁和锌对肉牛组织和血液铅和镉含量的影响.选用20头12月龄肉牛,随机分为2组,每组10头,各组分别饲喂基础精饲料(对照组)和基础精饲料中添加铜20 mg、铁200 mg和锌200 mg的试验精饲料(试验组),粗饲料自由采食.试验期为150 d.每天以组为单位计算牛的采食量；每30 d称取牛体重并采集血液样品,试验结束后,屠宰试验牛,采集肾脏、肝脏、心脏、胰脏、脾脏、瘤胃、大肠及背肌组织样品,测定血液和组织中铅和镉含量.结果表明:牛精饲料中添加铁、铜和锌后,平均日增重极显著地提高了12.50％(P＜0.01),料重比极显著地降低了15.68％ (P ＜0.01)；铅含量在胰脏和瘤胃中极显著增加(P＜0.01),在脾脏和血液中显著减少(P＜0.05),在其余组织中无显著变化(P＞0.05),铅蓄积的器官主要是胃；镉含量在肾脏、肝脏、脾脏、瘤胃和大肠中均极显著增加(P＜0.01),但心脏中的镉含量极显著降低(P＜0.01),镉蓄积的器官主要是肾脏.结果提示,在饲粮中添加铜、铁和锌可以改善肉牛的生长性能,但不能有效减少脏器及肌肉组织中铅和镉的蓄积. 相似文献
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本研究通过在精饲料中添加蒙脱石喂养杂交牛的方法,探讨蒙脱石对动物体内必需微量元素铜、铁、锌及有害元素镉、铅含量的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,喂蒙脱石的杂交牛日增重提高了14.96%(P<0.01),饲料转化率提高了9.22%(P<0.05);肾脏和脾脏中铅含量显著增加(P<0.05),肾脏、肝脏、脾脏和肠中镉的含量极显著增加(P<0.01),而血液中镉含量显著降低(P<0.01),其余组织中镉和铅的含量变化不显著;脾脏铜和铁含量极显著减少(P<0.01),肾脏中锌含量极显著增加(P<0.01),肝脏和肌肉组织中铁含量显著增加(P<0.05),其余各组织中的变化不显著(P>0.05)。结论:在饲料中添加蒙脱石,可在不同程度上改变铅、镉、铜、锌、铁在动物体内各器官和组织中的分布水平,但不能有效降低肉牛各组织中铅、镉的蓄积。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨硒元素摄入对动物体内必需微量元素铜、铁、锌和有害元素铅、镉含量的影响及其机理,为降低铅、镉在食物链中的迁移和积累的控制技术提供依据。试验选用20头杂交牛,随机分为2组,每组10头,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在精饲料中以预混料的形式添加亚硒酸钠1.0 mg/kg。饲养试验期为150 d,饲养试验结束后,屠宰采集各组织样品测定铅、镉、铜、铁、锌含量。结果表明:添加亚硒酸钠后对肉牛日增重影响不显著(P>0.05),但能极显著降低肉牛心脏中铅、镉的含量和血液中铅的含量(P<0.01),极显著增加胃、肾脏、肝脏等组织中铅和镉含量(P<0.01);同时也增加铜、锌、铁在胃和铜、铁在肝脏中的蓄积(P<0.05)。结果提示,在饲料中添加微量元素硒,可以改变铅、镉、铜、锌、铁在动物体内各器官和组织中的分布水平,但不能有效降低肉牛各组织中铅、镉的蓄积。 相似文献
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高铜日粮铁,锌水平对猪血液生理生化指标与生产性能的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在高铜（２５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）日粮中加铁、锌,可显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）或极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）地增加血红蛋白（Ｈｂ）浓度,血清铁、锌含量和血清碱性磷酸酶（ＳＡＰ）活性,增强红细胞膜（ＲＢＣＭ）稳定性,减少血清铜含量。当日粮中加铁６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ（日粮铁总浓度１５３ｍｇ／ｋｇ）、锌１０５ｍｇ／ｋｇ（日粮锌总浓度１４２ｍｇ／ｋｇ）时,猪血清铁和锌含量、血液Ｈｂ浓度、ＳＡＰ活性、ＲＢＣＭ稳定性达到最大。在高铜日粮中加铁４０～６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ（日粮铁总浓度１３３～１５３ｍｇ／ｋｇ）、加锌７０～１０５ｍｇ／ｋｇ（日粮锌总浓度１０７～１４２ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,能增加猪平均日增重７５．１５％～７６．０７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,提高饲料转化率６０．１１％～６０．７７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果表明,猪高铜（２５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）日粮中铁、锌的适宜水平分别为１５３ｍｇ／ｋｇ和１４２ｍｇ／ｋｇ。 相似文献
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以钙：锌＝３３０：１与５１６：１的日粮饲喂健康断乳仔猪１２０天，复制了仔猪皮肤角化不全症。患病仔猪被毛中锌、铜含量呈逐渐下降趋势，锌含量极显著低于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０１），而铜含量则与正常组差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。患病仔猪肝、十二指肠、肠系脱淋巴结中锌含量极显著低于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０１），心、肾、脑中锌含量著低于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０５），脾、肺、左侧最后肋骨、背最长肌、胰中锌含量与正常组差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），肝、背最长肌中铜含量极显著高于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０１），脾中铜含量显著高于正常用（ｐ＜０．０５），脑、心中铜含量极显著低于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０１），肾中铜含量显著低于正常用（Ｐ＜０．０５），其余组织中铜含量与正常组差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。本试验测定了正常仔猪和用化不全症仔猪各组织中锌、铜的含量，报告了角化不全症仔猪心、肺、肠系膜淋巴结中锌、钢含量及被毛中锌、钢含量的动态变化。 相似文献
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不同水平微量元素锰,铜,锌对亚康小公雏增重的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选择健康亚康小公雏１０８羽,随机分成３组,每组３６羽。以基础日粮中锰、铜、锌含量为对照组,以每千克饲料添加锰０．８ｇ、铜０．４ｇ、锌０．１ｇ为试验１组;以每千克饲料添加锰４ｇ、铜２ｇ、锌３ｇ为试验２组,经３０ｄ试验结果表明,试验１组的增重效果极显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,显著高于试验２组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;试验２组与对照组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。胫骨中钙磷含量和血清中锰、铜、锌的含量３个组间差异均不显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。但随着铜、锰、锌在日粮中的含量增加,胫骨中钙含量有降低的趋势,磷不受其影响。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究低蛋白质饲粮中添加尿素对肉兔生长发育与血液指标的影响。采用单因子随机区组试验设计,选择 １２０只 ５０日龄、体重相近的健康新西兰兔,随机分为 ４组,１个对照组和 ３个试验组,每组 １５个重复,每个重复 ２只。对照组饲喂粗蛋白质含量为 １１．１１％的基础饲粮,３个试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中以糊化淀粉缓释尿素的方式添加 １％、２％和 ３％尿素的试验饲粮。预试期为 １０ｄ,正试期为 ３０ｄ。结果表明：试验第 ２天,３％尿素组 ８０％试验兔因发生氨中毒而死亡。１％尿素组试验兔末重、增重和日增重均极显著高于对照组和 ２％尿素组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。与对照组相比,１％和 ２％尿素组试验兔全血氨氮含量、血清谷丙转氨酶活性显著或极显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１）,而肝脏重和系数则显著或极显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１）。２％尿素组试验兔日干物质进食量、胴体重和屠宰率均极显著低于对照组和 １％尿素组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而料重比则极显著高于对照组和 １％尿素组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。２％尿素组试验兔血清尿素氮含量以及谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性均极显著高于对照组和 １％尿素组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。２％尿素组试验兔心脏、脾脏和肾脏重均显著低于对照组和 １％尿素组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,而肾脏系数则极显著高于对照组和 １％尿素组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。２％尿素组试验兔胃重、十二指肠重与长、空肠重与长、回肠重与长、盲肠重与系数、蚓突重与系数及长、大肠重与长显著或极显著低于对照组和 １％尿素组（Ｐ＜０．０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１）,且回肠系数及盲肠长显著或极显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１）。由此得出,低蛋白质饲粮中添加 ３％的尿素会造成肉兔氨中毒死亡;添加 ２％的尿素会使肉兔生长发育停滞;添加 １％的尿素可改善肉兔育肥性能,但会对肝脏的发育产生不利影响。 相似文献
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为了探讨不同锌源及水平对１．５月龄艾哥兔生长性能与组织锌沉积的影响,试验选用１３２只１．５月龄艾哥兔,随机分成１１组,每组４个重复,每个重复３只兔。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮的基础上分别以饲料级ＺｎＳＯ４、Ｍｅｔ-Ｚｎ形式添加锌７０,１０５,１４０,１７５和２１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。预试期７ｄ,正试期３０ｄ。结果表明,在日粮中添加锌能提高１．５月龄艾哥兔生长性能,蛋氨酸锌组的平均日增重极显著高于硫酸锌组（P＜０．０１）,料重比极显著低于硫酸锌组（P＜０．０１）,胴体率显著低于硫酸锌组（P＜０．０５）。两种锌源对幼兔采食量、器官指数、组织锌含量的影响差异性不显著（P＞０．０５）。日粮锌添加水平对幼兔脾脏指数的影响差异显著（P＜０．０５）,１７５和２１０ ｍｇ／ｋｇ水平饲喂兔的脾脏指数显著低于１０５和１４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ水平。日粮锌添加形式和添加水平的交互作用对幼兔脾脏指数的影响差异显著（P＜０．０５）,对其肝脏指数、肝脏锌含量、脾脏锌含量的影响差异极显著（P＜０．０１）。在日粮中添加锌能改变１．５月龄艾哥兔生长性能,蛋氨酸锌改善幼兔生长性能的效果优于硫酸锌。蛋氨酸锌降低幼兔胴体率的趋势比硫酸锌大。日粮中锌的添加水平和添加形式存在交互作用,两种锌源在机体的代谢机制不同。综合考虑,建议１．５～２．５月龄肉兔锌添加量为７０～１４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ之间。 相似文献
9.
日粮添加硫、磷提高水牛瘤胃纤维素消化率的研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
应用装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的４头水牛研究了以稻草加精料和羟甲基尿素（ＦｏｒｍａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅｔｒｅａｔｅｄｕｒｅａＦＤＵ）（Ｉ）为基础日粮，分别添加硫（Ⅱ）及硫、磷（Ⅲ）后瘤胃内纤维素消化率的变化。添加硫（Ⅱ）后瘤胃液内硫化物、总硫水平均显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；瘤胃内ｐＨ下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）；总挥发性脂肪酸（ＴＶＦＡ）含量增加（Ｐ＜０．０１），发酵类型发生改变；瘤胃尼龙袋法纤维素消失率提高９．１９％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。在Ⅱ期的基础上添加磷，瘤胃ＴＶＦＡ含量、纤维素消失率分别提高了１６．１７％、１４．４８％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而瘤胃容积、稀释率却未见显著变化。结果表明添加硫可促进瘤胃纤维素消化，而添加复合硫、磷效果更好。 相似文献
10.
本试验旨在研究饲粮铜添加水平对 １～２８日龄泰和乌骨鸡生产性能和组织黑色素含量的影响。选用 １日龄泰和乌骨鸡 ２７０只,随机分成 ６组,每组设 ３个重复,每个重复 １５只鸡。试验鸡分别饲喂在基础饲粮（铜含量为 ４．７５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）中添加 ０、５、１５、３０、６０、１２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ铜的饲粮,饲养至 ２８日龄。结果表明：饲粮铜不同添加水平对 １～２８日龄泰和乌骨鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）,但适量添加可显著或极显著影响其血清、肝脏、肾脏、皮肤及肌肉的黑色素含量、酪氨酸酶活性（Ｐ＜０．０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１）,并呈现出随饲粮铜添加水平的提高先升后降的趋势。当饲粮铜添加水平为 ３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时,泰和乌骨鸡血清和组织酪氨酸酶活性及黑色素含量达到峰值。由此可知,玉米 －豆粕型基础饲粮中添加铜可提高泰和乌骨鸡组织黑色素含量,其适宜添加水平为 ３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。 相似文献
11.
以藏中矿区土壤、牧草、家畜组织为对象,探讨土-草-畜系统中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd这4种重金属分布情况与饲养环境的相关性。通过设立研究点的方法,采集矿区饲养环境中的土壤、牧草、家畜(牦牛、藏羊)组织进行含量检测。结果表明:藏中矿区及周边土壤中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd这4种元素均高于我国二级土壤限量值,Cu含量达限量值的2倍以上,Cd超标最严重。牧草、家畜组织体内重金属含量出现超标现象,牧草含量的分布顺序为Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd,这与土壤中重金属含量表现一致。牦牛体内Zn元素含量与远离矿区家畜(CK)相比差异显著(P<0.05),Cd含量与对照(CK)相比差异显著(P<0.05)。Cu、Zn存在超标现象,Cd、Pb两者存在差异但均未超标。矿区牦牛肉中Cu和牧草中Cu含量呈极显著的相关关系(P=0.836,P<0.01);牦牛肉中Zn含量与土壤和牧草中的Zn含量呈显著的相关关系(土壤P=0.631,牧草P=0.667,P<0.05);牦牛肉中Pb含量与牧草中Pb含量呈显著的相关关系(P=0.520,P<0.05);藏羊肉中Cu含量与牧草中Cu含量呈极显著相关关系(P=0.756,P<0.01)。矿区可食牧草中重金属向牦牛和羊肌肉迁移系数变化较大,迁移系数在0.19%~44.61%之间。 相似文献
12.
试验旨在探明耐镉乳酸菌对蛋鸡的脏器系数、镉在蛋鸡组织及鸡蛋中的残留及钙、铁、锌、锰、铜和硒在组织和鸡蛋中沉积的影响。试验分为5组：对照组,饲喂基础日粮;镉组,基础日粮+5 mg/kg镉（以氯化镉的形式添加）;乳酸菌组,基础日粮+1×1010 CFU/kg耐镉乳酸菌;镉+低剂量乳酸菌组,基础日粮+5 mg/kg镉+1×1010 CFU/kg耐镉乳酸菌;镉+高剂量乳酸菌组,基础日粮+5 mg/kg镉+1×1011 CFU/kg耐镉乳酸菌,试验期6周。试验期末,采集各组蛋鸡血液,测定总抗氧化力（T-AOC）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力;采集各组蛋鸡内脏组织和鸡蛋,计算脏器系数,同时测定组织和鸡蛋中镉、钙、铁、铜、锌、锰及硒元素含量。结果显示,与对照组相比,镉及乳酸菌组显著提高了蛋鸡总抗氧化能力（P<0.05）。各处理组中,镉组脾脏指数最低,镉加乳酸菌组脾脏指数显著高于镉组（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,乳酸菌组显著提高心脏指数（P<0.05）。镉组致蛋鸡肝脏和肾脏中镉残留量远高于其他组织,补加耐镉乳酸菌显著减少了心脏的镉残留量（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,镉组显著降低肾脏钙、脾脏和卵黄的锰含量（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,镉加低剂量耐镉乳酸菌显著增加肾脏锰含量、卵黄铁含量及肾脏和脾脏铜含量（P<0.05）;镉在鸡蛋中的残留量较低,与对照组相比,镉组显著降低鸡蛋铁、锰元素含量（P<0.05）,补加耐镉乳酸菌显著增加铁、锌、锰和硒元素含量（P<0.05）。结果表明,在蛋鸡日粮中添加1×1010 CFU/kg的耐镉乳酸菌,可显著提高蛋鸡血清总抗氧化力水平和蛋鸡的心脏指数,显著改善镉暴露导致的脾脏萎缩和心脏镉的残留量;同时显著增加锰、铜、铁在肾脏、脾脏及卵黄中的含量及铁、锌、锰和硒在鸡蛋中的含量。 相似文献
13.
The effects of long-term consumption of 1 and 5 ppm of Cd on Cd, Cu, Fe, and Zn concentrations in milk and a variety of tissues of first-lactation dairy cows was investigated. Thirty-six Holstein heifers were allocated to three groups and fed similar diets differing only in the concentration of Cd (.25, 1, and 5 ppm) for a 394-d period before calving. One- and 5-ppm Cd concentrations were achieved using CdCl2. Liver, kidney cortex, and muscle were biopsied from one-half of the heifers of each group before Cd supplementation and again from the same heifers within 5 d after parturition. Colostrum and milk were sampled throughout the 150 d of lactation. Urine was sampled after an average of 450 d of Cd exposure. At slaughter (after an average of 554 d), 11 tissues were sampled from 12 cows representing all treatment groups. During the first 394 d, Cd accumulated in kidney and liver with increasing dietary concentrations of Cd but did not further increase by 554 d. However, by 554 d Cd had also accumulated in the adrenal glands, ovaries, spleen, and uteri of cows consuming 5 ppm of Cd. Dietary Cd did not influence the concentration of Cd, Cu, Fe, or Zn in colostrum or milk. However, urine pH, Zn, and K were lower in cows consuming 5 ppm of Cd. Liver Cu was reduced by 1 and 5 ppm of Cd at both 394 and 554 d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
14.
本试验旨在研究夏季高温状态下,在减少矿物质(铜、铁、锰、锌)元素的饲粮中补充包膜半胱胺对育肥后期猪生长性能、胴体品质、组织矿物质元素沉积和粪便矿物质元素排放的影响。试验共选用360头健康、平均体重为(103.9±0.7)kg的三元(杜×长×大)杂交育肥猪,采用2×2双因素试验设计,分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复15头。因素1为饲粮矿物质元素的含量,设计为基础饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰元素含量的100%和80%2个水平;因素2为饲粮包膜半胱胺(半胱胺含量27%)含量,设计为0、1 600 mg/kg(半胱胺含量300 mg/kg)2个水平。试验期30 d。结果表明:1)饲粮减少矿物质元素或补充包膜半胱胺对育肥猪后期的生长性能和胴体品质均无显著影响(P0.05)。2)饲粮减少矿物质元素可显著降低育肥猪肝脏中铬元素的含量及肾脏中钠、钙、铅元素的含量(P0.05),显著升高血清钠元素含量(P0.05);减少矿物质元素的饲粮中补充包膜半胱胺显著或极显著降低肝脏中钾元素含量和肾脏中钠、钙、铅、铜元素含量(P0.05或P0.01),并有降低肝脏锰、锌、铬及钙元素和血清中铬和镁元素含量沉积的趋势(0.05≤P0.10),对维持机体各组织中钠元素的稳定有利。3)饲粮中减少矿物质元素或补充包膜半胱胺极显著减少粪便中铅和铜元素的排放量(P0.01);饲粮减少矿物质元素可显著降低粪便中锌元素的排放量(P0.05),极显著升高镁元素的排放量(P0.05);减少矿物质元素的饲粮中补充包膜半胱胺对粪便中铬元素的排放量有降低趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。由此可见,夏季高温期,在饲粮的铜、铁、锰、锌4种矿物质元素含量减少20%条件下补充1 600 mg/kg包膜半胱胺,能在不影响育肥猪后期生长性能和胴体品质的同时,降低血清、肝脏和肾脏中矿物质元素的沉积,减少粪便铅、铜和铬元素对环境的排放,维持机体电解质平衡。 相似文献
15.
盐化秸秆加精料日粮对绵羊生产性能和消化的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本文报道了添加精料对饲喂盐化玉米秸秆的晋中绵羊生产性能、日粮消化的影响。处理组比对照组明显提高了绵羊的日增重、采食量和饲料转化率 (P <0 0 1 )。随着精料水平的提高 ,日粮粗纤维表观消化率下降 (P <0 0 5) ,干物质、有机物和粗蛋白质表观消化率提高 (P <0 0 5) ;肝脏中有关矿物质元素含量、血中酶活性在一定精料范围内提高 (P <0 0 5)。本研究范围内精料添加量为 32 5g/日·只时 ,饲喂效果最好 相似文献
16.
M. López-Alonso M. García-Vaquero J.L. Benedito C. Castillo M. Miranda 《Livestock Science》2012,146(1):47-53
The aim of the present study was to determine trace element status and toxic metal accumulation in extensive and intensive pigs in NW Spain. Soil, feed and animal tissues (liver, kidney and muscle from 112 pigs) were collected from extensive and intensive pig farms across NW Spain and analysed for metals by ICP-MS and ICP-OES. Our results indicate that animals from both extensive and intensive systems showed an adequate mineral status and that toxic metal residues were generally low, no sample exceeding the maximum admissible levels in meat and meat products established by the EU. Trace element concentrations were generally higher in the intensive pigs possibly reflecting mineral supplementation in the concentrate feed. The statistically significantly higher As, Hg and Pb residues as well as the better Fe and Ni status in extensive pigs could be related at least in part with soil ingestion when rooting. On the contrary, the higher Cd accumulation in the intensive pigs can be explained considering Cu and Zn supplementation in the concentrate feed. Our results also seem to indicate that toxic metal accumulation as well as trace element status in different tissues could be related to metabolic aspects (i.e. related to breed and growth rate) as well as certain management practices (i.e. physical exercise when grazing). 相似文献
17.
Thirty-six postpubertal Holstein heifers were allocated to three groups and fed the same diet, which differed only in the concentration of Cd: control group (.25 ppm of Cd), low-Cd group (1 ppm of Cd), and high-Cd group (5 ppm of Cd). Cadmium was supplemented to the low-Cd and high-Cd groups using CdCl2. Liver, kidney cortex, and abdominal muscle were biopsied for mineral analysis from one-half of the heifers of each group before Cd supplementation and again from the same animals within 5 d after parturition, 394 d later. Blood, liver, and muscle were collected from each calf within 5 h after birth. In the dam, 5 ppm of dietary Cd caused a 62-, 27-, and 4-fold increase in Cd of the kidney, liver, and muscle, respectively; kidney Zn and Fe increased (76%) and decreased (33%), respectively, whereas the serum Cu was reduced (31%). Liver Cu was reduced to 40 and 17% by dietary Cd of 1 and 5 ppm, respectively, in the dams. Calves from dams consuming 5 ppm of Cd had a 29 and 43% reduction in liver Cu and Zn, respectively. In these same calves, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, and serum Cu were decreased by 17, 18, and 25%, respectively, whereas serum Zn was increased (55%). Serum sodium and potassium were reduced by 4 and 13%, respectively, and blood urea nitrogen was increased by 63% in calves from dams consuming 5 ppm of Cd. Feeding primigravid dairy cattle up to 5 ppm of Cd as CdCl2 throughout gestation did not influence the concentration of Cd in the neonate but caused reductions in liver Cu and Zn; teratogenesis was not apparent. 相似文献
18.
Cu, Fe, Zn, Mo, Se, As, Cd and Pb distribution was followed in the organisms of seven lambing ewes after these animals had been on a diet with industrial contaminants generated by the copper and zinc works. The amount of ingested contaminants per lambing ewe was 31.99 g a day pursuant to the starting liveweight. Per-head daily intake of Cu, Fe, Zn, Mo, Se, As, Cd and Pb in mg: 402.02; 95.97; 6158.07; 1.436; 2.975; 15.38; 0.597; 22.14. The first ewe with symptoms of zinc intoxication died on day 42 and the last on day 58. The highest Zn concentrations were recorded in the dry matter of dead ewe liver (1167.3 +/- 314.1 mg per kg). An amount of 1048 +/- 283.7 mg Zn per kg was cumulated in the kidneys in the process of contaminant administration. High Zn contents were also observed in the uterus and spleen. The highest amounts of Cu were cumulated in liver (445.6 238.1 mg per kg). Spleen was an organ with the highest concentrations of Fe, the ovaries cumulated the highest amounts of Mo and bony tissue and ovaries the highest amounts of Se. An exposure of the organisms to As, Cd and Pb in ewes intoxicated with zinc from a source of industrial pollutants, was reflected in their high contents in the ovaries, kidneys, liver and bony tissue. These results demonstrate that in sheep the liver, kidneys, uterus, spleen and ovaries are the most suitable organs if it is to prove zinc intoxication caused by pollutants from the copper and zinc works. Liver, kidneys, ovaries, uterus, spleen, skeletal muscles and bony tissue seem to be suitable for an evaluation of Cu, Fe, Mo, Se, As, Cd and Pb distribution in the organisms of ewes which died from zinc intoxication caused by pollutants from the above-mentioned source. 相似文献
19.
本试验通过体外培养法,研究在不同精粗比饲粮中添加维生素B12对体外瘤胃发酵和微生物酶活力的影响。试验采用3×3双因子试验设计,即3个底物精粗比(玉米∶羊草=35∶65、50∶50和65∶35)和3个维生素B12添加量(0、40和90 ng/mL)。体外试验用瘤胃液取自3只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的湖羊。体外培养24 h后测定体外瘤胃发酵参数和微生物酶活力。结果显示:1)随着底物精粗比和维生素B12添加量的提高,体外培养24 h的产气量、潜在产气量和有机物消化率极显著地增加(P<0.01),且维生素B12添加量与上述指标存在线性剂量效应(P<0.01)。2)当底物精粗比为50∶50和65∶35时,添加维生素B12显著提高了发酵液中氨态氮、微生物蛋白、总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸和丙酸浓度(P<0.05),但对丁酸浓度和乙酸/丙酸无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)当底物精粗比为35∶65和50∶50时,添加40 ng/mL维生素B12使发酵液中羧甲基纤维素酶、木聚糖酶活力显著提高(P<0.05);当精粗比为65∶35时,添加90 ng/mL维生素B12使发酵液中羧甲基纤维素酶、木聚糖酶活力显著提高(P<0.05)。结果提示,底物精粗比和维生素B12添加量影响体外瘤胃发酵。添加维生素B12可增加瘤胃微生物酶的活力,从而提高有机物消化率以及微生物蛋白和总挥发性脂肪酸的产量。当底物精粗比(玉米∶羊草)较高(50∶50和65∶35)时,维生素B12的添加效果更明显,并且具有剂量依赖效应。 相似文献