共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
2.
《畜牧与兽医》2021,(10)
通过检测猪源粪肠球菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药表型及其酰胺醇类耐药基因的携带率,了解猪源粪肠球菌耐药性流行特点,进而为抗菌药物的合理使用提供参考。2016—2017年间在江苏部分猪场分离的230株粪肠球菌对四环素(100%)、红霉素(98.3%)和氟苯尼考(97.0%)的耐药率最高(达95%以上),其次为庆大霉素(78.7%)、链霉素(75.2%)、麻保沙星(70.9%)、利奈唑胺(54.8%)、利福平(30.4%)、氨苄西林(1.7%)和青霉素G(0.4%),未发现万古霉素耐药菌株。多重耐药分析显示大多数菌株同时对5～8种药物耐药,有1株菌同时对10种药物耐药。进一步对223株氟苯尼考耐药菌株进行了酰胺醇类相关耐药基因fexA、fexB、floR、cfr和optrA的PCR检测,其检出率由高到低分别为fexA(91.9%,205株)、floR(66.4%,148株)、optrA(21.5%,48株)、fexB(1.8%,4株)和cfr(1.4%,3株),且大部分菌株同时携带多种耐药基因。结果表明:猪源粪肠球菌对抗菌药物的耐药情况严重,尤其对兽医专用抗菌药物氟苯尼考产生较高的耐药性值得重视,临床兽医应结合具体药敏结果合理使用抗菌药物,并加强对肠球菌耐药性的监测。 相似文献
3.
鸭源致病性大肠杆菌耐氟苯尼考floR基因的克隆与序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为调查鸭源致病性大肠杆菌氟苯尼考耐药基因floR的存在情况,利用PCR对20株临床分离的耐氟苯尼考的致病性大肠杆菌进行floR分子检测,分子检测结果显示,全部菌株floR基因阳性;对其中2株大肠杆菌的氟苯尼考耐药基因floR进行了克隆和测序,结果表明,鸭源大肠杆菌floR基因片段的克隆测序结果与预期所得片段结果相符,长度为753 bp,2株鸭源大肠杆菌floR基因的同源性为99.6%,与牛源、鸡源等floR基因的同源性为84.8%~99.9%。系统发育分析发现,2株鸭源大肠杆菌floR基因不在同一支上,亲缘关系较远,表明floR基因的亲缘关系与该基因的来源动物无关。 相似文献
4.
为调查鸭源致病性大肠杆菌氟苯尼考耐药基因floR的存在情况,利用PCR对20株临床分离的耐氟苯尼考的致病性大肠杆菌进行floR分子检测,分子检测结果显示,全部菌株floR基因阳性;对其中2株大肠杆菌的氟苯尼考耐药基因floR进行了克隆和测序,结果表明,鸭源大肠杆菌floR基因片段的克隆测序结果与预期所得片段结果相符,长度为753 bp,2株鸭源大肠杆菌floR基因的同源性为99.6%,与牛源、鸡源等floR基因的同源性为84.8%～99.9%。系统发育分析发现,2株鸭源大肠杆菌floR基因不在同一支上,亲缘关系较远,表明floR基因的亲缘关系与该基因的来源动物无关。 相似文献
5.
为了解禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌的药物敏感性及氟苯尼考的耐药基因的分布特征,采用琼脂二倍稀释法,对分离自福建、广东和江西等南方数省部分地区113株禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌进行9种抗生素的耐药性分析,并应用PCR方法检测氟苯尼考耐药基因floR的分布情况。结果显示:上述菌株对四环素表现高水平耐药,耐药率为65.49%(74/113);对链霉素、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑、氟苯尼考、卡那霉素与恩诺沙星表现中等水平耐药,耐药率分别是43.36%(49/113)、39.82%(45/113)、27.43%(31/113)、25.66%(29/113)与24.78%(28/113);对氨苄西林、头孢噻呋与头孢克洛较为敏感,耐药率分别为4.42%(5/113),2.65%(3/113)与1.77%(2/113);其中52.21%(59/113)菌株能耐受3类及3类以上的抗菌药物;氟苯尼考耐药基因floR的检出率为64.04%(72/113),且所有氟苯尼考耐药菌株均含有floR基因。结论:113株禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌存在多重耐药现象,且floR耐药基因较为流行。本研究结果为上述地区针对禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌临床用药提供科学依据。 相似文献
6.
动物源性沙门氏菌的耐药性分析及氟苯尼考类耐药基因的鉴定 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
为了解动物沙门氏菌的流行情况和药物敏感性及氟苯尼考耐药株的耐药基因分布,本试验对临床上疑似患沙门氏菌病的病料进行病原分离和细菌的多重PCR鉴定;采用K-B法测定分离株对23种抗菌药物的敏感性;选择氟苯尼考耐药菌株扩增floR、fexA、fexB、cfr和pexA基因。结果显示,共鉴定出61株沙门氏菌,其中肠炎沙门氏菌10株,鸡白痢沙门氏菌12株,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌39株。所有菌株对青霉素、红霉素、万古霉素耐药,90.16%对6种及6种以上抗菌药耐药。floR基因广泛存在于鼠伤寒沙门氏菌氟苯尼考耐药菌株中(8/12,66.67%),未发现其他耐药基因。研究结果表明鼠伤寒沙门氏菌是鹅源分离株中的优势血清型;floR基因主要介导沙门氏菌对氟苯尼考耐药性,但可能还存在其他机制。 相似文献
7.
《中国预防兽医学报》2021,(5)
为了解福建地区猪源CTX-M阳性大肠杆菌耐药性、耐药基因流行情况以及耐药质粒特征,本研究采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定福建地区分离的67株猪源CTX-M型超广谱β-内酰胺酶阳性大肠杆菌对13种抗菌药物的敏感性,通过PCR检测其重要的耐药基因;通过供体菌与受体菌(C600)的接合转移试验,检测携带CTX-M耐药基因耐药质粒的水平转移情况,并测定接合子的药物敏感性变化以及耐药质粒的复制子类型。结果显示,分离菌株对头孢噻呋(100%)、头孢噻肟(100%)和四环素(94.0%,63/67)耐药性较高,对阿米卡星相对敏感,耐药菌株仅占7.5%(5/67)。耐药基因检测结果显示,53.7%(36/67)的分离株携带3个以上耐药基因,黏菌素耐药基因mcr-1(49.3%,33/67)和氟苯尼考耐药基因floR(37.3%,25/67)的检出率较高,氟喹诺酮类耐药基因aac(6')-Ib-cr和oqxAB、四环素类耐药基因tetA、酰胺醇类耐药基因cmlA和磷霉素耐药基因fosA3的检出率在10.4%～19.4%,氨基糖苷类耐药基因rmtB(4.5%,3/67)的检出率最低;其中以CTX-M+mcr-1+floR耐药基因的组成模式流行为主,检出率为25.4%(17/67)。通过接合转移试验共获得21株接合子,与受体菌C600相比,其对受试药物,如头孢噻呋、头孢噻肟和庆大霉素等的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)提高了2～32倍。复制子分型结果显示17株分离菌分型成功,4株分离菌未能分型,其中以IncF型质粒为主。福建地区猪源CTX-M阳性大肠杆菌对抗菌药物呈较为严重的耐药性,耐药基因的携带率普遍较高且以mcr-1和floR基因流行为主,耐药质粒以IncF型为主。本研究为福建地区猪源大肠杆菌耐药性的风险评估与抗菌药的合理应用提供科学依据。 相似文献
8.
9.
为了解猪源肠外致病性大肠杆菌在河南地区的流行及耐药性,本试验于2016—2018年从河南省61家猪场送检的发病猪中,采集肺脏等病料,进行大肠杆菌的分离与鉴定,并用微量稀释法测定分离菌株的耐药性,采取PCR法检测分离菌株中氟苯尼考耐药基因(floR)、Ⅰ类整合酶基因的携带情况,通过Ⅰ类整合子基因盒可变区序列的BLAST比对,分析其耐药基因携带情况。结果显示,经细菌分离共获得17株肠外致病性大肠杆菌,检出率为27.86%(17/61);分离菌株对氨苄西林、磺胺甲噁唑、四环素、氟苯尼考和氯霉素等药物耐药率为100%,对多黏菌素耐药率为41.18%,分离菌株均呈多重耐药;在分离菌株中,floR、Ⅰ类整合子携带率均为100%,Ⅰ类整合子基因盒主要携带dfrA17-aadA5、aadA22-aadA23-aadA25、dfrA12、dfrA12-aadA2和floR等类型耐药基因谱。本试验结果表明河南地区猪源肠外致病性大肠杆菌具有一定的流行性,且耐药问题十分严重,极易导致临床上治疗失败,应引起重视。 相似文献
10.
《中国兽医学报》2020,(6)
对广西规模化猪场分离的120株猪源大肠杆菌进行了头孢菌素类、氟喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类、四环素类、大环内酯类和酰胺醇类药物耐药表型检测,并通过PCR检测菌株的β-内酰胺酶基因(bla_(TEM)、bla_(CTX-M))、氟喹诺酮类耐药基因(qnrA、oqxA、oqxB)、氨基糖苷类耐药基因(aac(6′)-Ib-cr)、大环内酯类耐药基因(ermB)和酰胺醇类耐药基因(floR)携带情况。耐药性检测结果显示,猪源大肠杆菌对头孢西丁、头孢他啶和阿米卡星具有高敏感率(74.0%),而耐药率最高为四环素类84.2%,酰胺醇类为70.8%,氟喹诺酮类为68.9%,氨基糖苷类为49.4%,大环内酯类为43.3%,最低为头孢菌素类31.4%。猪源大肠杆菌最低对1种药物耐药,最高对18种药物耐药,111株为多重耐药菌,以11耐(15株)、8耐(13株)和7耐(12株)为主,共有82种耐药谱型。耐药基因检测结果显示,8个耐药基因的阳性率均≥50.0%,其中阳性率最高为bla_(TEM)基因(91.7%),最低为aac(6′)-Ib-cr基因(50.0%),共存在53种基因组合类型,主要为bla_(TEM)+bla_(CTX-M)+qnrA+oqxA+oqxB+aac(6′)-Ib-cr+ermB+floR(14株,11.7%)和bla_(TEM)+bla_(CTX-M)+qnrA+oqxA+oqxB+ermB+floR(13株,10.8%)。耐药基因和耐药表型相关性分析结果显示,bla_(TEM)和bla_(CTX-M)与大肠杆菌对头孢氨苄耐药情况极显著相关(P0.01),bla_(CTX-M)与大肠杆菌对头孢拉啶和头孢曲松耐药情况极显著相关(P0.01),qnrA、oqxA、oqxB和aac(6′)-Ib-cr基因与大肠杆菌对诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星和环丙沙星耐药极显著相关(P0.01),aac(6′)-Ib-cr基因与大肠杆菌对庆大霉素和卡那霉素耐药极显著相关(P0.01),floR基因与大肠杆菌对氟苯尼考耐药情况极显著相关(P0.01)。本研究结果表明广西规模化猪场猪源大肠杆菌仅对极少数抗菌药物具有较高敏感率,多重耐药情况严重,具有丰富的耐药谱型,携带多种耐药基因且具有复杂的基因组合类型,所携带的耐药基因与其耐药表型具有一定的相关性。 相似文献
11.
Detection of florfenicol resistance genes in Riemerella anatipestifer isolated from ducks and geese 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The cat gene, coding for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase has been reported for conferring the chloramphenicol resistance for Riemerella anatipestifer. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferases, however, are unable to inactivate florfenicol. In this study, 66 R. anatipestifer isolates were investigated for their susceptibility to chloramphenicol and florfenicol and the presence of floR gene. Results showed nine florfenicol intermediate or resistant R. anatipestifer isolates were all floR positive. The expression of floR gene in E. coli and inhibition studies with PAβN indicated that the floR gene was as an efflux pump conferring resistance to both chloramphenicol and florfenicol. Southern hybridization revealed the floR was located in the plasmid DNA of five isolates and in the chromosomal DNA of four isolates. Furthermore, two novel floR-carrying plasmids designated pRA0726 and pRA0846 were sequenced completely. pRA0726 was 11,704 bp in size with 10 putative open reading frames which included the floR, catB and bla(OXA-209) resistance genes. The most differences between sequences of pRA0846 and pRA0726 were the absence of a bla(OXA-209) gene and the deletion of 321 nucleotides of orf1 in pRA0846. Plasmid curing tests demonstrated that pRA0726 carried functional coding proteins for resistance to phenicol and β-lactam antimicrobials. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of presence of the floR and bla(OXA-209) resistance genes in R. anatipestifer. 相似文献
12.
为了建立猪源大肠杆菌对氟苯尼考、β-内酰胺类与粘杆菌素耐药基因的多重PCR检测方法,本研究以氟苯尼考耐药基因floR、β-内酰胺耐药基因CTX-M、粘杆菌素耐药基因mcr-1作为目的基因,设计3对特异性引物,通过对多重PCR反应体系及条件的优化,成功建立了多重PCR检测方法。该方法的灵敏度为1.46×10^5CFU/m L,具有高度特异性、敏感性和可重复性。本方法的建立为大肠杆菌中常见耐药基因的快速检测及分子流行病学调查提供了新的手段。 相似文献
13.
为了解北京市宠物源细菌的抗菌药物耐药情况,2022年,笔者对北京市四个城区的四家宠物医院的犬、猫共计50份样本的肛拭子进行了研究。试验对样品中的大肠杆菌和肠球菌首先进行了分离培养和质谱鉴定,然后采用微量肉汤稀释法分析分离菌株的耐药表型。结果共分离出大肠杆菌25株、肠球菌25株（屎肠球菌14株、粪肠球菌11株）。大肠杆菌耐药率最高的2种抗菌药为四环素和氨苄西林,多重耐药菌占44%;肠球菌耐药情况较严重,粪肠球菌耐药率最高的抗菌药物为磺胺异噁唑,屎肠球菌耐药率最高的抗菌药物为磺胺异噁唑、头孢西丁和红霉素,二者多重耐药菌占分离株总数的100%。综上,北京地区宠物源大肠杆菌、肠球菌的耐药情况较为严峻,且多重耐药现象突出,需要加强对宠物抗菌药使用的监督与管理。 相似文献
14.
Awji EG Damte D Lee SJ Lee JS Kim YH Park SC 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(8):1091-1094
The in vitro activity of 15 antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella spp. and Streptococcus canis from dogs was investigated. For Staphylococcus spp., the highest frequency of resistance was observed for penicillin, followed by ampicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. The highest frequency of resistance in E. coli isolates was recorded for tetracycline and streptomycin. Pasteurella spp. and S. canis had the highest resistance rate for tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Most isolates showed full susceptibility to low-level resistance to colistin, florfenicol and fluoroquinolones. Further studies using larger number of isolates from both healthy and diseased dogs would provide a broader picture of antimicrobial resistance at a national level and promote prudent use of antimicrobial agents in companion animals. 相似文献
15.
The aim of this study was to analyse a florfenicol-resistant Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from a calf to determine the genetic basis of its florfenicol-resistance. The antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid content of the isolate were determined. A florfenicol resistant plasmid carrying the floR gene was identified by PCR and transformed into Escherichia coli JM109 and HB101 strains. The plasmid was then mapped and sequenced completely. The isolate was resistant to chloramphenicol, florfenicol, oxytetracycline, kanamycin, dihydrostreptomycin, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, and amoxicillin; it carried a floR plasmid of 7.7kb, designated pMH1405. The mobilisation and replication genes of pMH1405 showed extensive similarity to the 5.1-kb pDN1 plasmid from Dichelobacter nodosus and the 10.8-kb pCCK381 plasmid from Pasteurella multocida. An adjacent 2.4-kb segment was highly homologous to the TnfloR region of the E. coli BN10660 plasmid. A plasmid-mediated floR gene was responsible for florfenicol resistance in the bovine respiratory tract pathogen M. haemolytica. The pMH1405 plasmid is the smallest floR-carrying plasmid reported to date. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a florfenicol-resistant gene in M. haemolytica. 相似文献
16.
Limited data regarding the susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to antimicrobials has been published during recent years. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of MICs for the isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae from diseased pigs in the Czech Republic between 2007 and 2009. A total of 242 isolates were tested for susceptibility to 16 antimicrobial agents by a broth microdilution method. A low degree of resistance was observed for florfenicol (0.8%), amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (0.8%), tilmicosin (1.2%), tiamulin (1.7%) and ampicillin (3.3%), whereas resistance to tetracycline was detected more frequently, 23.9% of isolates. Interestingly, resistance to florfenicol has not yet been reported in any study investigating antimicrobial resistance of A. pleuropneumoniae. By PCR the presence of the floR gene was confirmed in all florfenicol resistant isolates. 相似文献
17.
Sannes MR Kuskowski MA Johnson JR 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,225(3):368-373
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli strains isolated from the urine of women with cystitis or pyelonephritis and from fecal samples from dogs and healthy humans. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SAMPLE POPULATION: Escherichia coli isolates from 82 women with cystitis, 170 women with pyelonephritis, 45 dogs, and 76 healthy human volunteers. PROCEDURE: Susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents was determined by means of disk diffusion testing as specified by the NCCLS. RESULTS: Overall, the 4 most common antimicrobial resistance patterns were resistance to ampicillin, sulfisoxazole, trimethoprim, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (n = 45 [12% of all isolates]); ampicillin alone (33 [9%]); ampicillin and sulfisoxazole (29 [8%]); and sulfisoxazole alone (14 [4%]). None of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, or piperacillin-tazobactam. Resistance was significantly more common and extensive among isolates from women with cystitis or pyelonephritis than among isolates from healthy humans or dogs. Resistance was least common among isolates from dogs. The only resistance phenotype that was more common among canine isolates than human isolates was resistance to sulfisoxazole alone. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that dogs are unlikely to be an important external reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli strains causing infections in humans. On the contrary the data suggest that dogs conceivably could acquire resistant E. coli strains from humans. 相似文献
18.
为阐明淡水鱼的主要致病菌嗜水气单胞菌对氟苯尼考的耐药现状,本试验采用纸片扩散法和浓度稀释法分别定性、定量检测了2010年9月至2013年5月期间收集的26株鱼源嗜水气单胞菌对氟苯尼考的耐药性,利用PCR法检测菌株携带氟苯尼考耐药基因的情况。结果显示,北京地区的鱼源嗜水气单胞菌对氟苯尼考的耐药率为15.38%,氟苯尼考对其最小抑菌浓度（MIC）主要集中在2～4 μg/mL,5株菌对氟苯尼考的MIC超过8 μg/mL,1株分离菌具有氟苯尼考耐药基因floR。结合以往数据及其他省市的相关数据,结果表明鱼源嗜水气单胞菌对氟苯尼考已呈较高的耐药率和耐药浓度,且位于质粒上的floR基因阳性菌株有传递该基因给其他种属鱼类致病菌的风险。因此,有必要科学规范氟苯尼考在水产养殖中的应用。 相似文献