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猪呼吸道疾病综合征药物防控技术研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国畜牧兽医》2020,(3)
猪呼吸道疾病综合征(PRDC)在养猪业中广泛流行,发病原因复杂,由多种细菌、病毒、寄生虫及环境应激等因素共同引发,普遍造成猪生长迟缓和猪肉品质下降,还有相当比例的病猪死亡,严重影响养猪业的发展。胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)、副猪嗜血杆菌(Hps)、链球菌(SS)是常见的细菌性病原,而猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、伪狂犬病毒(PRV)是常见的病毒性病原,合理用药防治PRDC十分关键。头孢喹肟、氟苯尼考及加米霉素等抗生素因抗菌谱广、抗菌活性强、在猪体内药代动力学特征优良等优点被广泛用于防控细菌性感染的猪呼吸道疾病。对于病毒性感染的猪呼吸道疾病,常用的抗病毒药物有细胞因子及中药,尤其是中药,不仅可以抗病毒还可增强机体免疫力,应用前景非常广阔。文章系统地阐述了上述抗菌药物的抗菌机理、药效学及药动学,详细介绍了上述抗病毒药物的抗病毒机理及其在病毒性猪呼吸道疾病上的应用,以期为合理用药防控PRDC提供一定的建议。 相似文献
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导致猪发热的传染病包括细菌性传染病、病毒性传染病、寄生虫疾病，病毒性传染病比较重要的有猪瘟（SF）、猪伪狂犬病（PR）、猪流感（SI）、圆环病毒2型感染（PCV-2）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）、高致病性繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒引起的高热病、猪呼吸道综合征（PRDC）；这类疾病是猪病中危害最大、最重要的，此类疾病的特点是传播快、流行广，并引起机体的免疫抑制和繁殖障碍，多为混合感染，给养猪业造成巨大的经济损失。 相似文献
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导致猪发热的传染病包括细菌性传染病、病毒性传染病、寄生虫疾病,病毒性传染病比较重要的有猪瘟（SF）、猪伪狂犬病（PR）、猪流感（SI）、圆环病毒2型感染（PCV-2）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）、高致病性繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒引起的高热病、猪呼吸道综合征（PRDC）;这类疾病是猪病中危害最大、最重要的,此类疾病的特点... 相似文献
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猪呼吸系统综合征(PRDC)是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、支原体、副猪嗜血杆菌、胸膜肺炎放线杆菌等病原体混合感染引起的猪呼吸道疾病的总称.近年来随着集约化养殖的发展,PRDC表现的越来越突出和严重,造成肉猪成活率减少、体重下降、料肉比上升等.论文综述了上述病原在PRDC中的致病机理,及其相互作用诱导出明显的PRDC症状,并提及伪狂犬病病毒在PRDC中的作用.在做好支原体、蓝耳病和伪狂犬病疫苗的基础上,通过药物控制副猪嗜血杆菌和胸膜肺炎放线杆菌是PRDC防控策略. 相似文献
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猪呼吸道病综合征（PRDC）是在1998年英国夏明翰召开的第15届国际猪病会议上首先提出的，它是由病毒、细菌、环境应激和猪体免疫力低下等诸多因素相互作用共同引起的呼吸道疾病的总称。由于引起该综合征的病原的多样性，使得对本病的防治极为困难。本病已经日渐成为影响全球养猪业经济效益的头号疾病，给养猪业造成了巨大损失。本文主要从防治药物等方面展开综述，期望能给养猪场防治本病提供参考，也为研制防治本病的专用药物提供依据。 相似文献
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猪呼吸道综合征（PRDC）又称多病因呼吸道疾病（MRD）或复合病因呼吸道疾病（RDCE）,主要是病毒性、细菌性、寄生虫疾病等引起的综合征,以及两种或两种以上混合感染引起的呼吸道疾病的总称。 相似文献
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猪肺炎支原体是危害养猪业的重要病原,由于感染后临床症状不明显,多以慢性消耗性感染为主,猪场在进行疾病防控时往往关注度不够。但是由于该病原能够长期破坏猪只呼吸道纤毛上皮细胞,导致其他呼吸道病原体频繁入侵,是最终形成感染情况复杂、经济损失巨大的猪呼吸道疾病综合征（PRDC）的重要诱因。 相似文献
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如今，呼吸道疾病已成为危害养猪生产最重要的疾病，尤其在许多大型集约化养猪场更是如此．并通常称之为猪呼吸道疾病综合征（PRDC）。由于病原复杂，混合感染或继发感染严重，PRDC给养猪业带来了极大的危害，并造成了巨大的经济损失。现在即将进入秋冬季节，也进入了PRDC的高发期，猪呼吸道疾病综合征（PRDC）是一种多因子性疾病． 相似文献
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A retrospective study was performed on natural cases of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) to determine the association and prevalence of PRDC with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and other co-existing pathogens in Korea. Histologically, alveolar septa were markedly thickened by infiltrates of mononuclear cells. Moderate to marked multifocal peribronchial and peribronchiolar fibrosis were present and often extended into the airway lamina propria. Among the 105 pigs with PRDC, 85 were positive for PCV2, 66 were positive for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), 60 were positive for porcine parvovirus (PPV), and 14 were positive for swine influenza virus (SIV). There were 80 co-infections and 25 single infections. A co-infection of PCV2 with another additional bacterial pathogen is frequently diagnosed in PRDC. The combination of PCV2 and Pasteurella multocida (38 cases) was most prevalent followed by PCV2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (33 cases). The consistent presence of PCV2, but lower prevalence of other viral and bacterial pathogens in all pigs examined with PRDC, has led us to speculate that PCV2 plays an important role in PRDC. 相似文献
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Polymicrobial respiratory disease in pigs 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Opriessnig T Giménez-Lirola LG Halbur PG 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2011,12(2):133-148
Respiratory disease in pigs is common in modern pork production worldwide and is often referred to as porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). PRDC is polymicrobial in nature, and results from infection with various combinations of primary and secondary respiratory pathogens. As a true multifactorial disease, environmental conditions, population size, management strategies and pig-specific factors such as age and genetics also play critical roles in the outcome of PRDC. While non-infectious factors are important in the initiation and outcome of cases of PRDC, the focus of this review is on infectious factors only. There are a variety of viral and bacterial pathogens commonly associated with PRDC including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHYO) and Pasteurella multocida (PMULT). The pathogenesis of viral respiratory disease is typically associated with destruction of the mucocilliary apparatus and with interference and decrease of the function of pulmonary alveolar and intravascular macrophages. Bacterial pathogens often contribute to PRDC by activation of inflammation via enhanced cytokine responses. With recent advancements in pathogen detection methods, the importance of polymicrobial disease has become more evident, and identification of interactions of pathogens and their mechanisms of disease potentiation has become a topic of great interest. For example, combined infection of pigs with typically low pathogenic organisms like PCV2 and MHYO results in severe respiratory disease. Although the body of knowledge has advanced substantially in the last 15 years, much more needs to be learned about the pathogenesis and best practices for control of swine respiratory disease outbreaks caused by concurrent infection of two or more pathogens. This review discusses the latest findings on polymicrobial respiratory disease in pigs. 相似文献
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Proinflammatory cytokines and viral respiratory disease in pigs 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Swine influenza virus (SIV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are enzootic viruses causing pulmonary infections in pigs. The first part of this review concentrates on known clinical and pathogenetic features of these infections. SIV is a primary respiratory pathogen; PRCV and PRRSV, on the contrary, tend to cause subclinical infections if uncomplicated but they appear to be important contributors to multifactorial respiratory diseases. The exact mechanisms whereby these viruses cause symptoms and pathology, however, remain unresolved. Classical studies of pathogenesis have revealed different lung cell tropisms and replication kinetics for each of these viruses and they suggest the involvement of different lung inflammatory responses or mediators. The proinflammatory cytokines interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) have been shown to play key roles in several respiratory disease conditions. The biological effects of these cytokines and their involvement in human viral respiratory disease are discussed in the second part of this review. The third part summarises studies that were recently undertaken in the authors' laboratory to investigate the relationship between respiratory disease in pigs and bioactive lung lavage levels of IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha and IL-1 during single and combined infections with the above viruses. In single SIV infections, typical signs of swine "flu" were tightly correlated with an excessive and coordinate production of the 3 cytokines examined. PRCV or PRRSV infections, in contrast, were subclinical and did not induce production of all 3 cytokines. Combined infections with these 2 subclinical respiratory viruses failed to potentiate disease or cytokine production. After combined inoculation with PRCV followed by bacterial lipopolysaccharide, both clinical respiratory disease and TNF-alpha/IL-1 production were markedly more severe than those associated with the respective single inoculations. Taken together, these data are the first to demonstrate that proinflammatory cytokines can be important mediators of viral respiratory diseases in pigs. 相似文献
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Deblanc C Gorin S Quéguiner S Gautier-Bouchardon AV Ferré S Amenna N Cariolet R Simon G 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,157(1-2):96-105
Swine influenza virus (SIV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) are widespread in farms and are major pathogens involved in the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). The aim of this experiment was to compare the pathogenicity of European avian-like swine H1N1 and European human-like reassortant swine H1N2 viruses in na?ve pigs and in pigs previously infected with Mhp. Six groups of SPF pigs were inoculated intra-tracheally with either Mhp, or H1N1, or H1N2 or Mhp+H1N1 or Mhp+H1N2, both pathogens being inoculated at 21 days intervals in these two last groups. A mock-infected group was included. Although both SIV strains induced clinical signs when singly inoculated, results indicated that the H1N2 SIV was more pathogenic than the H1N1 virus, with an earlier shedding and a greater spread in lungs. Initial infection with Mhp before SIV inoculation increased flu clinical signs and pathogenesis (hyperthermia, loss of appetite, pneumonia lesions) due to the H1N1 virus but did not modify significantly outcomes of H1N2 infection. Thus, Mhp and SIV H1N1 appeared to act synergistically, whereas Mhp and SIV H1N2 would compete, as H1N2 infection led to the elimination of Mhp in lung diaphragmatic lobes. In conclusion, SIV would be a risk factor for the severity of respiratory disorders when associated with Mhp, depending on the viral subtype involved. This experimental model of coinfection with Mhp and avian-like swine H1N1 is a relevant tool for studying the pathogenesis of SIV-associated PRDC and testing intervention strategies for the control of the disease. 相似文献
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The role of swine torque teno sus viruses (TTSuVs) as co-factors in disease syndromes involving porcine circovirus strain 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory disease syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been a debatable subject. In this study, the prevalence of TTSuVs in Iowa, the leading pork producing state in the U.S., was estimated by a duplex PCR. The PCR is capable of simultaneously detecting both teno sus viruses 1 and 2 (TTSuV1 and 2). Based on an analysis of 300 random samples representing six major geographical regions of the state, the overall prevalence rates for TTSuV1 and 2 were 47.34% and 24.67% respectively while the combined prevalence rate was 52.33%. The epidemiological association of TTSuV1 and 2 with the common etiological agents of the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) namely porcine PRRSV, PCV2, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and swine influenza virus (SIV) was estimated in lung tissue derived from 45 pigs showing clinical signs of PRDC. Notably, 86.67% of the PRDC-suspect samples were positive for TTSuV1 in comparison to the baseline population prevalence rate of 47.34%. However, the prevalence of TTSuV2 (26.67%) was not significantly different. TTSuV1 was detected in 80.00%, 81.81%, 75.00% and 77.78% of the PRRSV, SIV, M. hyopneumoniae and PCV2 positive PRDC-suspect samples respectively. Our results indicate that TTSuV1 is strongly associated with clinical PRDC and support the hypothesis that TTSuVs might function as co-factors in PRDC. Further studies to define their possible role in the pathogenesis of swine respiratory diseases are warranted. 相似文献
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DENG Tongwei XUE Yanan LU Jianzhou XIA Yanxun CHEN Lulu GUO Yiwen PENG Liming JIANG Zenghai QIAO Hongxing XU Yaohui ZHANG Xiaozhan 《中国畜牧兽医》2007,47(10):3401-3409
To identify the causative agent of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) occurred at a pig farm in Kaifeng city,Henan province,we identified the potential causative bacteria of the morbid nursing piglets by bacterial test and drug sensitivity test of the clinical samples (lung,liver and spleen),and detected the common potential pathogens causing PRDC diseases by PCR and RT-PCR assays,including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV),porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2),swine influenza virus (SIV),pseudorabies virus (PRV),classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp),and then sequcing and phylogenetic analysis of the structural gene of positive causative pathogens were carried out.The results showed that a Haemophilus parasuis (Hps) strain were isolated and identified by the observation of bacterial morphology and satellite phenomenon,and the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene.The drug sensitivity test showed that the Hps strain was sensitive to ampicillin,amoxicillin-clavulanic acid,ceftiofur and tetracycline.Meanwhile,PCR and RT-PCR assays indicated that all the samples were positive for PRRSV and PCV2,and named the involved strain as PRRSV/HN-2019 and PCV2/HN11-2019,respectively.Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the ORF5 gene of the newly identified PRRSV revealed that the PRRSV/HN-2019 strain was closely related to the NADC30-like strains and grouped into NADC30-like genotype clade.And cap gene of the newly identified PCV2 strain the PCV2/HN11-2019 strain was closely related to the PCV-2d strains and grouped into PCV-2d genotype clade.In conclusion,this study demonstrated that the morbid piglets were co-infected with PRRSV,PCV2 and Hps,which provided a basis for the development of effective control strategies in the pig farm. 相似文献
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广西规模猪场猪呼吸道疾病综合征的病原学调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解猪呼吸道疾病综合征(PRDC)在广西规模场猪群中的感染状况,采用PCR和RT-PCR方法,对2007～2009年期间采自广西13个市65个规模猪场的281份疑似PRDC感染组织样品进行了12种病原体检测。结果显示:73.85%(48/65)的猪场和71.87%(202/281)的组织样品为PRDC感染,其中,被猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪链球菌(SS)、猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)、败血性波氏杆菌(Bb)、猪附红细胞体(E-su is)、猪流感病毒(SIV)、产毒素多杀性巴氏杆菌(T+PM)、副猪嗜血杆菌(HP)、猪细小病毒(PPV)和猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)感染(包括混合感染)的阳性样品分别占49.11%(138/281)、34.52%(97/281)、9.60%(27/281)、8.19%(23/281)、6.41%(18/281)、6.41%(18/281)、6.05%(17/281)、6.14%(15/281)、4.63%(13/281)、3.91%(11/281)、0.36%(1/281)和0.00%(0/281);单纯感染占28.11%(79/281);混和感染占43.77%(123/281)。二重、三重和四重混合感染分别占28.11%(79/281)、12.46%(35/281)和3.20%(9/281)。其中,以PRRSV+PCV2(+其他)混合感染形式较多见,占所有混合感染样品的52.03%(64/123)。细菌性病原体感染样品占20.28%(57/281),其中19.22%(54/281)为混合感染。可见:广西地区规模猪场普遍存在PRDC感染,其中PRRSV和PCV2是引起PRDC的主要病原;感染类型复杂多样,以PRRSV+PCV2(+其他)混合感染最为常见。 相似文献
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为确定河南开封某猪场发生猪呼吸系统疾病综合征（PRDC）的病原,本研究无菌采集病死保育猪肺脏、心脏和脾脏等组织样品,进行细菌学检验和药敏试验,通过PCR/RT-PCR检测样品中猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）、猪流感病毒（SIV）、猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）和猪肺炎支原体（Mhp）等病原,并对核酸阳性病毒性病原的抗原结构基因进行测序和遗传演化分析。结果表明,通过细菌分离培养、形态观察、卫星现象观察和16S rRNA基因鉴定,从病死保育猪体内分离鉴定出1株副猪嗜血杆菌（Hps）,药敏实验表明该菌株对对氨苄西林、阿莫西林克拉维酸、头孢噻呋和四环素几种药物敏感。核酸检测PRRSV和PCV2核酸阳性,分别命名为PRRSV/HN-2019和PCV2/HN11-2019;进一步对PRRSV/HN-2019和PCV2/HN11-2019的结构基因分析发现,PRRSV/HN-2019与与NADC30分支的毒株亲缘关系较近,属于NADC30-like毒株;PCV2/HN11-2019与PCV-2d分支的毒株亲缘关系较近,属于PCV-2d分支。综上所述,本研究确定该猪场存在PRRSV、PCV2和Hps的混合感染,为该猪场下一步的PRDC有效防控提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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Immunology of the porcine respiratory disease complex. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E L Thacker 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2001,17(3):551-565
PRDC is a multifactorial respiratory syndrome that includes several respiratory pathogens. As can be observed in this article, although the pathogenesis of some of the respiratory pathogens of pigs is fairly well defined, the host response and the immune response necessary to control the pathogen often remain unclear. As our ability to evaluate the porcine immune system and its ability to respond to disease improves, the knowledge of how each of these respiratory pathogens alter and evade the immune system will increase. The pathogens most commonly isolated from pigs with clinical signs of PRDC either infect the cells of the immune system or induce significant immunopathology. Thus, PRRSV and M. hyopneumoniae, the two most common pathogens associated with PRDC, alter the ability of the respiratory immune system to respond to their presence and the presence of other pathogens. By changing the respiratory immune system, these two common pathogens increase the susceptibility to the many other pathogens associated with PRDC. As we learn more about the pathogens of the respiratory system, their interactions with each other, and the mechanisms by which they modulate the immune system, our ability to develop effective control measures will improve. 相似文献