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1.
第2.3.2.1分支H5N1亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)抗原性目前已发生显著变异。为应对变异株可能引发的流行,利用反向遗传技术,以鸡胚适应毒A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8)的内部基因为骨架,以H5N1亚型AIV A/duck/JS/ZJ/2016(H5N1)(ZJ,第2.3.2.1d分支)、A/Chicken/SD/YT/2015(H5N1)(YT,第2.3.2.1e分支)的基因组为模板,扩增其HA及NA基因,并对HA基因进行修饰,去除裂解位点处的多个碱性氨基酸,使其获得低致病性AIV的分子特征,成功构建了第2.3.2.1分支H5N1亚型AIV疫苗候选株rZJ和rYT。抗原性分析显示,rZJ和rYT与Re-6疫苗株之间的抗原性已有显著差异。免疫效力试验表明,rZJ和rYT重组灭活疫苗免疫21 d的平均HI抗体效价分别达到8.8 log2和8.9 log2,说明重组疫苗具备良好的免疫原性。免疫攻毒保护试验表明,rZJ和rYT重组灭活疫苗可以提供SPF鸡抵抗同源H5N1病毒100%的保护,而针对第2.3.2.1分支的Re-6疫苗仅能提供大约40%和30%的保护。利用反向遗传技术构建的rZJ和rYT重组候选疫苗株为该分支病毒的防控提供了技术支持。  相似文献   

2.
为构建H5N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)高产疫苗株,研究采用反向遗传操作技术删除Clade 7.2 H5N2亚型AIV A/chicken/Shanxi/Q6/2013(wt-Q6株)血凝素(HA)基因多碱性氨基酸序列,以wt-Q6株HA和神经氨酸酶基因为供体,结合A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1)(PR8)AIV的6个内部片段骨架,构建针对此种变异的H5亚型AIV疫苗株,成功拯救出一株重组病毒r Q6/PR8。该病毒在鸡胚和MDCK细胞上均具有较好的繁殖滴度,对SPF鸡胚和鸡无致病性,具有低毒高产的特性,符合疫苗候选株的标准。  相似文献   

3.
为控制在我国流行的H5N1高致病性禽流感(Avian influenza virus,AIV)和筛选具有标记的疫苗毒株,用流行的H5N1亚型AIV的HA基因和H9N2亚型AIV的NA基因及H1N1亚型AIV(A/PR/8/34毒株)的6个内部基因通过流感8质粒反向遗传操作系统拯救了重组病毒rH5N2/PR8株。为了降低重组病毒的毒力,对H5N1亚型AIV的HA基因进行了修饰,使其裂解模式由PLRERRRKR↓GL修饰为PLIETR↓GL。将获得的rH5N2/PR8株在9日龄SPF鸡胚上连续传10代。该重组病毒的血凝效价稳定在1:2048,其半数感染量(EID50)可达10-8.77/0.1 mL。该病毒的毒力显著降低,对鸡胚的半数致死量(ELD50)为10-5/0.1 mL。将该病毒灭活与油佐剂乳化,制成灭活疫苗,给6周龄SFP鸡接种不同剂量,接种21 d后,用H5N1流行野毒A/Chicken/SD/2010(H5N1)攻击,结果显示:接种剂量为0.1 mL/只的试验组,10只鸡中有5只获得保护;接种0.3 mL/只的试验组可获得100%保护。以上说明,本实验获得的重组病毒具有疫苗标记、繁殖滴度高、毒力低、免疫原性好等特点,非常适合作为"标记疫苗"候选株,为AIV(H5N1)的标记疫苗研发奠定了坚实基础。  相似文献   

4.
以G57基因型分离株A/Chicken/Jilin/DH104/2012(H9N2)为HA和NA基因的供体,以A/Swan/Jilin/SN8/2009(H11N6)的6个内部基因作为疫苗候选株的骨架,利用反向遗传技术拯救了1株重组H9N2亚型禽流感病毒疫苗候选株rDH104。将该重组病毒灭活后免疫7日龄SPF鸡,28日龄加强免疫1次,血清HI抗体保护水平至少可以维持58d,表明该重组病毒具有良好的免疫原性。本试验为研制与当前H9N2亚型禽流感病毒流行株抗原性相匹配的候选疫苗株提供了依据。  相似文献   

5.
为有效防控2006年以来出现的H5亚型7.2分支禽流感病毒(AIV)引起的免疫鸡群高致病性禽流感(HPAI)的流行,我们构建了重组AIV Re-4疫苗株,研制出含有重组AIV Re-4株的H5亚型二价系列灭活疫苗,并在我国北方地区使用,有效地控制了其流行。2012年我国北方地区再次出现7.2分支病毒引起的HPAI疫情。为评估现有H5亚型二价系列灭活疫苗对该分支病毒的免疫保护效力,本研究首先通过SPF鸡进行免疫攻毒试验评估。结果表明,分别以每羽份(0.3 mL/只)的Re-5+Re-4株和Re-6+Re-4株重组AIV H5二价油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫SPF鸡,免疫3周后针对重组AIV Re-4株的HI抗体均达到8 log2以上;经鼻腔接种7.2分支AIV CK/NX/2/12株(100 LD50)攻毒后,免疫鸡均获得完全保护,即无任何临床症状和排毒现象,而对照组SPF鸡全部发病死亡。此外,以哈尔滨当地养殖场中免疫H5亚型AIV灭活疫苗的48只商品蛋鸡进行攻毒试验,结果显示,商品蛋鸡血清中针对重组AIV Re-4株HI抗体平均滴度为8.3 log2,采用相同方式攻毒后也获得完全保护。本研究结果表明,Re-5+Re-4株和Re-6+Re-4株重组AIV H5二价灭活疫苗均能够对H5亚型7.2分支病毒的攻击提供良好的免疫保护效果。  相似文献   

6.
2015年秋季以来,clade2.3.4.4的H5N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)分离率逐渐增加,成为我国华东地区流行的优势毒株。经遗传进化分析发现,与抗原性相关的血凝素(HA)氨基酸呈现出一定规律的进化趋势,导致抗原性发生变化。研究以A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1,PR8)AIV为内部基因供体,以clade2.3.4.4中的H5N2亚型毒株A/chicken/Yangzhou/YZ1111/2015(YZ1111)的表面抗原HA和神经氨酸酶(NA)为外部基因供体,并删除YZ1111株HA基因中编码多碱性氨基酸的序列,通过反向遗传操作,成功拯救出1株重组病毒r YZ1111。r YZ1111在鸡胚和MDCK细胞上均具有较好的繁殖性能,对SPF鸡胚和鸡均无致病性。表明在分析H5N2亚型AIV抗原变异的基础上研发出疫苗候选株,为防控变异的clade2.3.4.4 H5N2亚型禽流感提供了备选疫苗。  相似文献   

7.
为建立H7N9亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)反向遗传操作系统,本研究以H7N9亚型(AIV)A/CK/Shanghai/S1053/2013(CK/53)株为亲本病毒,构建了该病毒株的8质粒反向遗传操作系统,并拯救出救获株rCK/53。全基因组序列测定结果表明,rCK/53与亲本病毒的核苷酸序列完全一致。同时以A/PueaoRico/8/34(PR8)的内部基因为骨架,以CK/53的HA和NA的表面基因为供体,构建H7N9亚型AIV疫苗候选株CK53/PR8,疫苗株的8个基因来源与预期完全一致。对rCK/53以及疫苗候选株CK53/PR8在MDCK和A549两种细胞中进行生物学特性的比较,在A549中复制差异不显著,而在MDCK中48 h和72 h两者复制具有明显差异。rCK/53反向遗传操作系统的建立和疫苗候选株CK53/PR8的构建为进一步开展H7N9亚型AIV跨宿主传播机制、致病机理及进一步的免疫保护实验奠定了基础。  相似文献   

8.
禽流感病毒（Avian Influenza Virus,AIV）是禽流行性感冒（简称禽流感,Avian Influenza,AI）的病原。其中高致病性的H5N1亚型AIV可以造成鸡群的大批死亡,对家禽养殖业影响严重,并可引起人的感染和死亡。通过接种疫苗能有效地控制禽流感的传播,在禽流感疫苗免疫效力的评价过程中,监测免疫鸡血清抗体是最常用、最可行的方法。2009年农业部批准重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型,Re-5株）和重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗（H5N1,Re-5株＋Re-4株）制造,2012年重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型,Re-6株）及重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗（H5N1,Re-6株＋Re-4株）取代以上两个产品,2014年,北方出现了新的7．2分支毒株,而禽流感Re-4株疫苗和Re-6株疫苗对这种新型流行株的保护效力并不佳。2014年4月11日,农业部发布“中华人民共和国农业部公告第2093号”,制定了重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型,Re-7株）和重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗（Re-6株＋Re-7株）2种兽药产品制造及检验规程,全国将主要以Re-6与Re-7两种疫苗联合免疫为新的趋势。本试验分别用不同毒株的禽流感试验抗原与不同毒株禽流感疫苗免疫鸡的血清通过HI试验相互检测,对抗体效价进行分析,从而得出不同毒株的相关性。  相似文献   

9.
禽流感病毒（Avian Influenza Virus,AIV）是禽流行性感冒（简称禽流感,Avian Influenza,AI）的病原。其中高致病性的H5N1亚型AIV可以造成鸡群的大批死亡,对家禽养殖业影响严重,并可引起人的感染和死亡。通过接种疫苗能有效地控制禽流感的传播,在禽流感疫苗免疫效力的评价过程中,监测免疫鸡血清抗体是最常用、最可行的方法。2009年农业部批准重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型,Re-5株）和重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗（H5N1,Re-5株+Re-4株）制造,2012年重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型,Re-6株）及重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗（H5N1,Re-6株+Re-4株）取代以上两个产品,2014年,北方出现了新的7.2分支毒株,而禽流感Re-4株疫苗和Re-6株疫苗对这种新型流行株的保护效力并不佳。2014年4月11日,农业部发布“中华人民共和国农业部公告第2093号”,制定了重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型, Re-7株）和重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗（Re-6株+Re-7株）2种兽药产品制造及检验规程,全国将主要以Re-6与Re-7两种疫苗联合免疫为新的趋势。本试验分别用不同毒株的禽流感试验抗原与不同毒株禽流感疫苗免疫鸡的血清通过HI试验相互检测,对抗体效价进行分析,从而得出不同毒株的相关性。  相似文献   

10.
为拯救具有高复制特性的G1-like型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus, AIV)疫苗候选株，利用反向遗传操作技术，将高复制特性H9N2亚型CZ株(Y280-Like)的6个内部基因(PB2、PB1、PA、M、NP、NS)与H9N2亚型40926株(G1-like)的HA和NA基因进行重配，构建G1-like型重组病毒。通过HA、HI试验及基因测序对拯救病毒进行鉴定，并对病毒在鸡胚上的复制能力、遗传稳定性及免疫原性进行评价。结果表明，利用6+2质粒系统成功拯救出G1-Like型H9N2亚型重组流感病毒，并具有良好的复制特性和遗传稳定性；将拯救的重组病毒株灭活后免疫SPF鸡，能刺激产生较高的HI抗体，为防控G1-like型AIV流行提供了技术和疫苗候选株储备。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

19.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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