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1.
不同益生菌对肉鸡肠道菌群结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《动物营养学报》2015,(11)
本试验旨在研究益生菌对肉鸡肠道微生态环境的影响,饲养试验选取1日龄的肉公鸡432只,分成4个组,组1饲喂基础饲粮,组2饲喂基础饲粮+地衣芽孢杆菌(≥4×106CFU/g饲粮),组3饲喂基础饲粮+屎肠球菌(≥106CFU/g饲粮),组4饲喂基础饲粮+丁酸梭菌(≥106CFU/g饲粮)。采用PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术对肉鸡肠道内细菌16S r DNA V3区进行菌群多样性分析,利用实时荧光定量PCR(q PCR)技术对肠道菌群数量进行定量分析。PCR-DGGE指纹图谱结果表明:与对照组相比,地衣芽孢杆菌、屎肠球菌和丁酸梭菌均不同程度的影响了肉鸡回肠、空肠及盲肠样品PCR-DGGE指纹图谱的条带数,其中屎肠球菌处理后回肠、空肠样品PCR-DGGE指纹图谱的条带数显著增加(P0.05),其余样品PCR-DGGE指纹图谱的条带数无显著变化(P0.05)。由PCR-DGGE指纹图谱条带明亮度可知:屎肠球菌在回肠食糜中发生了生长繁殖,且促进了乳杆菌生长;地衣芽孢杆菌的添加促进了乳杆菌的生长繁殖,与其产生了协同作用,而抑制了粪肠球菌(C.eutactus)和梭菌(C.irregulare)的生长,二者相互竞争;饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌促进了L.aviaries在空肠及L.versmoldensis在回肠食糜中的生长繁殖,其作用效果比较专一。q PCR结果表明:地衣芽孢杆菌组空肠、回肠及盲肠细菌的菌群数量分别是对照组的1.5倍、1.0倍和1.3倍;屎肠球菌组空肠、回肠及盲肠细菌的菌群数量分别是对照组的4.0倍、6.0倍及0.6倍;丁酸梭菌组空肠、回肠及盲肠细菌的菌群数量分别是对照组的1倍、3.5倍及0.5倍。该研究结果表明地衣芽孢杆菌、屎肠球菌和丁酸梭菌不同程度改变了肉鸡肠道的菌群结构。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、丁酸梭菌与地衣芽孢杆菌配伍（复合菌）、粪肠球菌对白羽肉鸡生长性能及养殖效益的影响。选用平均体重42 g左右的1日龄健康AA+白羽肉鸡1 360只，随机分成10组，试验组和对照组各5组。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加400 g/t丁酸梭菌制剂、1 000 g/t枯草芽孢杆菌制剂、1 000 g/t地衣芽孢杆菌制剂、400 g/t丁酸梭菌制剂+1 000 g/t地衣芽孢杆菌制剂、1 000 g/t粪肠球菌制剂。试验期43 d。结果表明：(1)与对照组相比，添加丁酸梭菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、复合菌能显著提高末重、平均日增重（P<0.05），显著降低料重比（P<0.05）；添加粪肠球菌降低末重、平均日增重（P>0.05），增加料重比（P>0.05）。(2)与对照组相比，添加丁酸梭菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、复合菌能提高白羽肉鸡毛利润，其增加值为枯草芽孢杆菌组>复合菌组>丁酸梭菌组>地衣芽孢杆菌组>粪肠球菌组。综上所述，饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢... 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究丁酸梭菌对肉鸡腿肌脂肪代谢的影响。试验选用1日龄爱拔益加肉公鸡192只,随机分为2个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复16只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加1×10~9CFU/kg丁酸梭菌的饲粮,试验期为42 d。结果表明,与对照组相比:1)饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌显著增加了21日龄肉鸡腿肌肌内脂肪含量(P0.05),但对42日龄肉鸡腿肌肌内脂肪含量无显著影响(P0.05)。2)饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌显著降低了21日龄肉鸡腿肌激素敏感脂肪酶活性(P0.05),显著提高了21日龄肉鸡腿肌脂蛋白脂酶活性(P0.05),且有增加42日龄肉鸡腿肌脂蛋白脂酶活性的趋势(0.05P0.10)。3)饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌显著降低了21日龄肉鸡血清中游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸含量(P0.05)。4)饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌显著降低了21日龄肉鸡腿肌脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶mRNA表达量(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌可通过改变21日龄肉鸡腿肌脂肪代谢相关酶活性和基因表达来增加肉鸡腿肌肌内脂肪含量。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究壳寡糖和丁酸梭菌对AA肉仔鸡生长性能、血清生化指标以及内脏器官相对重的影响。采用2×2双因子试验设计,选取360只1日龄健康AA肉鸡公雏,随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,壳寡糖组饲喂基础饲粮+150 mg/kg壳寡糖,丁酸梭菌组饲喂基础饲粮+5×10~8cfu/kg丁酸梭菌,复合组饲喂基础饲粮+150 mg/kg壳寡糖+5×10~8cfu/kg丁酸梭菌。试验期为42 d。结果表明:饲粮单独添加壳寡糖或丁酸梭菌或壳寡糖和丁酸梭菌联合使用均显著降低了1～21日龄肉仔鸡的料重比(P0.05);试验组肉仔鸡血清中碱性磷酸酶含量极显著低于对照组(P0.01);与对照组相比,饲粮单独添加壳寡糖或丁酸梭菌均显著降低了肉仔鸡空肠相对重(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加壳寡糖或丁酸梭菌能够促进肉仔鸡的生长发育,但二者联合使用效果不优于二者单独使用效果。 相似文献
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丁酸梭菌对肉鸡屠宰性能、肌肉品质和抗氧化功能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《动物营养学报》2021,33(6)
本试验旨在研究丁酸梭菌对肉鸡屠宰性能、肌肉品质和抗氧化功能的影响。选取360只健康的1日龄爱拔益加雄性肉仔鸡,随机分为3组,分别为对照组、抗生素组和丁酸梭菌组,每组8个重复,每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂无抗生素基础饲粮,抗生素组饲喂基础饲粮+75 mg/kg金霉素,丁酸梭菌组饲喂基础饲粮+500 mg/kg丁酸梭菌(活菌数1×109CFU/g)。试验期为42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,丁酸梭菌组肉鸡末重、屠宰率和全净膛率显著提高(P0.05),胸肌24 h的红度值和pH显著提高(P0.05),胸肌粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量显著提高(P0.05),胸肌24 h的亮度值和蒸煮损失显著降低(P0.05),胸肌总抗氧化能力以及总超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著提高(P0.05),胸肌丙二醛含量显著降低(P 0.05),胸肌核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶1、超氧化物歧化酶1和血红素氧合酶1的mRNA相对表达量显著提高(P0.05)。2)与抗生素组相比,丁酸梭菌组肉鸡胸肌肉蒸煮损失显著降低(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加丁酸梭菌可提高肉鸡末重,改善屠宰性能和胸肌肉品质,激活Nrf2信号通路相关基因的表达,增强肌肉抗氧化功能,表明丁酸梭菌可作为抗生素替代物应用于肉鸡饲粮。 相似文献
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丁酸梭菌和地衣芽孢杆菌对北京鸭生长性能、血清生化和免疫指标及免疫器官指数的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌和地衣芽孢杆菌对北京鸭生长性能、血清生化和免疫指标及免疫器官指数的影响。选取1日龄健康北京鸭300只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸭。对照组(试验Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加40 mg/kg杆菌肽锌(试验Ⅱ组)、5×108CFU/kg丁酸梭菌(试验Ⅲ组)、1×109CFU/kg地衣芽孢杆菌(试验Ⅳ组)和5×108CFU/kg丁酸梭菌+1×109CFU/kg地衣芽孢杆菌(试验Ⅴ组)。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组的平均日增重均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。各组之间的平均日采食量和料重比差异不显著(P0.05)。2)试验Ⅴ组的血清中免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白G、补体3、补体4含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。各组之间的血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮含量差异不显著(P 0.05)。3)试验Ⅴ组的胸腺指数、脾脏指数显著高于对照组(P 0.05)。各组之间的法氏囊指数差异不显著(P 0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌与地衣芽孢杆菌复合菌可以有效改善北京鸭的生长性能和免疫指标。 相似文献
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为研究日粮中添加不同水平聚丙烯戊糖片球菌对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠体指标以及肉质性状的影响,将1日龄AA肉公鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只鸡。前3周均饲喂基础饲粮,第4周起,第1组为对照组,第2、3、4组在基础饲粮基础上分别饲喂109、1010、1011CFU/d.只的聚丙烯戊糖片球菌,试验期42 d。结果表明:(1)高、中、低剂量的聚丙烯戊糖片球菌对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响均不显著(P>0.05)。(2)1011CFU聚丙烯戊糖片球菌添加组肉仔鸡的胸肌率和腿肌率较对照组显著提高6.72%和5.2%(P<0.05)。(3)109CFU聚丙烯戊糖片球菌添加组肉仔鸡胸肌的L*值和腿肌的剪切力显著降低(P<0.05),腿肌的失水率极显著降低(P<0.01)。 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2021,33(7)
本试验旨在研究酶解青蒿联合地衣芽孢杆菌饲喂肉仔鸡对其生长性能和盲肠菌群的影响。选取1日龄科宝(Cobb)肉仔鸡480只,随机分为4组(每组6个重复,每个重复20只):对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组分别在基础饲粮中添加20 mg/kg抗生素(主要成分为维吉尼霉素)、1 g/kg酶解青蒿以及1 g/kg酶解青蒿+200 mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组肉仔鸡平均日增重显著提高(P0.05),抗生素组和试验Ⅰ组平均日增重分别提高5.18%和7.49%(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组肉仔鸡终末体重显著提高(P0.05),抗生素组和试验Ⅰ组分别提高6.94%和6.94%(P0.05)。各组肉仔鸡平均日采食量和料重比差异不显著(P0.05)。2)对肉仔鸡盲肠菌群进行alpha多样性分析发现,抗生素组和各试验组盲肠菌群多样性均有所提高(P0.05)。对4组肉仔鸡盲肠菌群组成进行分析显示,在门水平上,优势菌门主要为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和软壁菌门(Tenericutes)。与对照组相比,抗生素组和各试验组厚壁菌门相对丰度显著提高(P0.05),试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组拟杆菌门相对丰度显著降低(P0.05)。在属水平上,与对照组相比,抗生素组和各试验组拟杆菌属相对丰度显著降低(P0.05),试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组粪杆菌属相对丰度显著提高(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组瘤胃球菌科UCG-014菌属相对丰度显著提高(P0.05)。由此得出,酶解青蒿用于肉仔鸡饲粮具有替代抗生素的潜质。饲粮单独添加酶解青蒿具有改善肉仔鸡生长性能的趋势,酶解青蒿和地衣芽孢杆菌联用可通过改善盲肠菌群结构,提高肠道菌群多样性,以及提高厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门相对丰度的比例来提高肉鸡生长性能。 相似文献
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苜蓿多糖对不同性别肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及抗氧化性能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验旨在研究苜蓿多糖对不同性别肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及抗氧化性能的影响。选取468只1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡,随机分为3组,每组12个重复(公母各6个重复),每个重复13只鸡。组1为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,组2、组3分别在基础饲粮中添加1 000和2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖,试验期42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)饲粮中添加1 000和2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖对公鸡和母鸡的平均体重、平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比、屠宰率、腿肌率和腹脂率均无显著影响(P0.05),但显著提高了母鸡全净膛率和胸肌率(P0.05),且添加2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖显著提高了公鸡胸肌率(P0.05)。2)1 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖组(即组2)公鸡胸肌p H45 min显著提高(P0.05),公鸡和母鸡胸肌滴水损失率和公鸡胸肌蒸煮损失率显著降低(P0.05);2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖组(即组3)公鸡和母鸡胸肌滴水损失率和公鸡胸肌蒸煮损失率显著降低(P0.05)。1 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖组公鸡和母鸡腿肌滴水损失率和母鸡腿肌剪切力显著降低(P0.05),母鸡腿肌p H24 h显著提高(P0.05);2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖组母鸡腿肌滴水损失率和剪切力显著降低(P0.05)。3)1 000和2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖组21日龄公鸡血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著提高(P0.05),2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖组35和42日龄母鸡血清T-AOC显著提高(P0.05),2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖组28日龄公鸡和母鸡血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著提高(P0.05),1 000和2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖组21和35日龄母鸡血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著提高(P0.05),但饲粮中添加1 000和2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖对公鸡和母鸡血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著影响(P0.05);此外,饲粮中添加1 000和2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖对公鸡和母鸡肝脏和胸肌中T-AOC、GSH-Px和T-SOD活性及MDA含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。综上,饲粮中添加苜蓿多糖对公鸡和母鸡的生长性能无显著影响,但能够改善公鸡和母鸡的屠宰性能、肉品质和血清抗氧化性能,且苜蓿多糖的适宜添加量为1 000mg/kg。 相似文献
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Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size. 相似文献
13.
In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum. 相似文献
14.
Nadine Pa?lack Barbara Mainzer Monika Lahrssen-Wiederholt Helmut Schafft Richard Palavinskas Angele Breithaupt Jürgen Zentek 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2015,16(1):57-66
This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations. 相似文献
15.
《饲料工业》2019,(18):54-58
应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。 相似文献
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K Reifenberg M Stahl U L?sch 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1989,36(3):191-198
A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays. 相似文献
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《The Journal of small animal practice》1975,16(1-12):143-154
Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds. 相似文献