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1.
The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance, with special attention to vancomycin, in 104 strains of Enterococcus, which is the sentinel bacterium isolated from dog and cat faeces samples. The phenotypic characterization of the isolates classified them as E. faecium (58%), E. avium (41%) and E. faecalis (1%). Sensitivity testing used the diffusion method according to the recommendations of CASFM (Comité de l'Antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiogie), to oxacillin, amoxycillin, amoxycilin + clavulanic acid, ampicillin, piperacillin, cefoperazone, imipenem, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, οfloxacin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, lincomycin, erythromicin and vancomycin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination by E test revealed a MIC to vancomycin of between 0.5 μg/ml and 3 μg/ml. All the strains were resistant to nalidixic acid, erythromycin, cefoperazone and oxacillin. We detected resistance to amoxycillin + clavulanic acid in 1.9% of isolates, to amoxycillin in 4.8%, to piperacillin in 13.5%, and to ampicillin in 21.2% of strains. A high prevalence of antibiotic resistance to lincomycin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin was found in 98.1%, 95.2%, 76.9%, 73.1% and 64.4% of strains, respectively. Resistance to vancomycin was not found, which indicates that there is no transmission risk of vancomycin‐resistant enterococcal strains to man or transfer of their resistance genes to other bacteria belonging to the endogenous flora of humans.  相似文献   

2.
In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of 12 Hungarian isolates and the type strain ATCC 33144 of Actinobaculum suis to different antimicrobial compounds was determined both by the agar dilution and by the disc diffusion method. By agar dilution, MIC50 values in the range of 0.05-3.125 micrograms/ml were determined for penicillin, ampicillin, ceftiofur, doxycycline, tylosin, pleuromutilins, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, enrofloxacin and lincomycin. The MIC50 value of oxytetracycline and spectinomycin was 6.25 and 12.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. For ofloxacin, flumequine, neomycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin and sulphamethoxazole + trimethoprim MIC50 values were in the range of 25-100 micrograms/ml. With the disc diffusion method, all strains were sensitive to penicillin, cephalosporins examined, chloramphenicol and florfenicol, tetracyclines examined, pleuromutilins, lincomycin and tylosin. Variable sensitivity was observed for fluoroquinolones (flumequine, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin), most of the strains were susceptible to marbofloxacin. Almost all strains were resistant to aminoglycosides but most of them were sensitive to spectinomycin. A strong correlation was determined for disc diffusion and MIC results (Spearman's rho 0.789, p < 0001). MIC values of the type strain and MIC50 values of other tested strains did not differ significantly. Few strains showed a partially distinct resistance pattern for erythromycin, lincomycin and ampicillin in both methods.  相似文献   

3.
部分鸡场大肠杆菌对抗菌药物的耐药性   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  
从江西、辽宁、广东3个省的鸡场分离到204株大肠杆菌，按NCCLs推荐的纸片扩散法测定了其对24种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果表明，分离菌对四环素的耐药性最高，为92．2％．余下依次为二氟沙星、萘啶酸、磺胺、复方新诺明、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、恩诺沙星、沙拉沙星、洛美沙星、链霉素、达氟沙星、培氟沙星、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、氯霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、头孢噻吩、奥格门丁(阿莫西林和克拉维酸钾)、阿米卡星、氟苯尼考．头孢曲松无1例耐药。  相似文献   

4.
In the Netherlands, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are regularly isolated from humans. We present the first isolation of MRSA from animal origin in the Netherlands. A coagulase positive staphylococcus was cultured from an infected wound in a Dutch dog that recently underwent surgery abroad. The staphylococcus was resistant to methicillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin + clavulanic acid, cephalexin, erythromycin, lincomycin, tetracycline, gentamicin and enrofloxacin. It was identified as S. aureus by fermentation of mannitol and Martineau-PCR. The presence of mecA was confirmed by PCR.  相似文献   

5.
From 2012 to 2014,300 chicken cloacal swab samples were collected from a broiler farm in Liaoning province,152 strains of chicken-derived Escherichia coli were isolated and identified.The 152 strains of chicken-derived Escherichia coli were detected on 14 kinds of veterinary antimicrobial drugs and 16 kinds of antimicrobial drugs for human by using trace dilution method,and reference to CLSI enterobacter decision criteria to determine.The results showed that chicken-derived Escherichia coli had obvious resistance to veterinary antimicrobial drugs (amoxicillin,ampicillin,enrofloxacin,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,sulfafurazole,tetracycline) and antimicrobial drugs for human (piperacillin,ticarcillin,ciprofloxacin),the resistance rates were high.The resistance test results of isolated chicken-derived Escherichia coli comparing with the MIC value distribution of EUCAST wild type strains were same,but through comparing MIC value distribution,the results showed the isolates of spectinomycin,ampicillin,enrofloxacin,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,cefalotin,cefuroxime,ciprofloxacin and tobramycin drugs MIC value moved to the right obviously,indicated that the antibiotic resistant strength of Escherichia coli increased gradually.The process of breeding and strict biosecurity measures should be taken scientifically to control diseases,and the antibacterial agents should be applied reasonably to control broiler farm production and propagation of bacterial drug resistance.  相似文献   

6.
2012~2014年从辽宁某肉鸡养殖场采集300份鸡泄殖腔拭子,分离获得152株鸡源大肠杆菌。采用微量稀释法对152株鸡源大肠杆菌进行了14种兽用和16种人用抗菌药的药物敏感性测定,并参照CLSI肠杆菌判定标准进行判定。结果显示,鸡源大肠杆菌对兽用阿莫西林、氨苄西林、恩诺沙星、复方新诺明、磺胺异噁唑、四环素和人用哌拉西林、替卡西林、环丙沙星均产生明显耐药性,耐药率较高。对所分离的鸡源大肠杆菌耐药性检测结果与EUCAST发布的野生型菌株MIC值分布进行比较分析,耐药结果基本一致,但通过MIC值分布比较,结果显示出分离菌株的大观霉素、氨苄西林、恩诺沙星、复方新诺明、头孢噻吩、头孢呋辛、环丙沙星和妥布霉素药物的MIC值发生了明显右移,表明该肉鸡场大肠杆菌对上述抗菌药的耐药强度呈现逐渐增强的趋势。在养殖过程中应采取科学饲养和严格的生物安全措施防控疾病,科学合理使用抗菌药物,控制肉鸡场细菌耐药性的产生和传播。  相似文献   

7.
河南省部分地区猪群大肠杆菌分离菌的耐药性比较分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为掌握河南省猪源大肠杆菌的耐药情况,于2013年至2018年对河南省郑州、开封、焦作、许昌四个地区部分规模化养猪场分离出的856株大肠杆菌,采用CLSI推荐的微量肉汤稀释法,调查其对8类13种代表性抗菌药物的耐药性。结果表明,856株大肠杆菌对氧氟沙星、黏菌素、庆大霉素、头孢噻呋和阿莫西林/棒酸等5种药物的耐药率在35.0%以下,分别为32.2%、31.1%、25.5%、15.5%和30.0%;对恩诺沙星、四环素、多西环素、大观霉素、氟苯尼考、磺胺异恶唑、复方新诺明和氨苄西林等8种药物的耐药率范围为45.0%～95.0%,其中对四环素、多西环素和磺胺异恶唑等3种药物的耐药率高达90.0%以上;多重耐药集中于耐5、6和7类抗生素,耐3类及以上药物的菌株占90.0%。本研究结果表明河南省部分养殖场猪源大肠杆菌耐药形势严峻,应加强对其监测和控制。  相似文献   

8.
为了解副猪嗜血杆菌对喹诺酮类药物的耐药现状，制定副猪嗜血杆菌对喹诺酮类药物的流行病学临界值，本试验根据CLSI-VET中规定的方法，对ScienceDirect、PubMed、中国知网等数据库中副猪嗜血杆菌对喹诺酮药物的耐药数据进行收集，共收集到605株环丙沙星、74株氧氟沙星、322株左氧氟沙星、211株达氟沙星、276株萘啶酸、143株洛美沙星、638株恩诺沙星及262株马波沙星的最小抑菌浓度数据，进行数据修正后利用统计软件ECOFFinder进行整理拟合，得出MIC拟合直方分布图，确定了副猪嗜血杆菌对8种喹诺酮类药物的流行病学临界值和耐药率。8种药物中可用于兽医临床使用的药物为达氟沙星、恩诺沙星、马波沙星、环丙沙星；萘啶酸作为第1代喹诺酮抗菌药，已基本退出市场；另外3种药物不可用于兽医临床。通过调查研究得出副猪嗜血杆菌对氧氟沙星、萘啶酸、洛美沙星、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、达氟沙星、马波沙星、恩诺沙星药物的流行病学临界值分别为8、4、4、0.25、0.25、0.0625、0.0625和0.03125 μg/mL，说明目前野生型副猪嗜血杆菌对环丙沙星、达氟沙星、马波沙星和恩诺沙星这4种兽医临床可用药敏感性较高，临床推荐使用。文章得出的数据在国际交流频繁的时代普遍适用，在国内外缺乏相应药效学折点和临床折点时可作为敏感和耐药的判定标准，并为进一步制定临床折点，指导临床用药、延长喹诺酮药物的临床使用寿命奠定了基础。  相似文献   

9.
猪链球菌Ⅱ型四川分离株对抗菌药的敏感性分析   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  
对四川省不同地区链球菌病病死猪体内分离的7株链球菌Ⅱ型进行抗菌药敏感性试验,用链球菌兰氏D群C55914作为对照,比对菌为肺炎链球菌质控菌株ATCC49619.在32种抗菌药中,选择29种药物进行纸片法药敏试验.试验结果表明:7株链球菌耐药谱非常相似,对青霉素、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、奥格门丁、卡那霉素、红霉素、壮观霉素、氯霉素、氟苯尼考、头孢氨苄、头孢拉定、头孢他定、头孢呋辛、头孢曲松、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、二氟沙星、沙拉沙星、达氟沙星、恩诺沙星、复方新诺明、万古霉素、亚安培南均敏感;对阿米卡星、新霉素、庆大霉素3株敏感,4株中敏;对四环素和多西环素2株中敏,5株耐药;对链霉素1株中敏,6株耐药.用21种药物进行最小抑菌浓度(MIC)测定,结果7株均对青霉素、氨苄西林、卡那霉素、红霉素、头孢他定、头孢呋辛、头孢曲松、头孢噻呋、环丙沙星、达氟沙星、氧氟沙星、二氟沙星、沙拉沙星、恩诺沙星、磺胺六甲氧嘧啶敏感,1株对新霉素和阿米卡星中敏,2株耐药;所有菌株对四环素、土霉素、多西环素、链霉素均耐药.两种方法总体结果一致.  相似文献   

10.
The current study aimed at determining the prevalence and the antimicrobial resistance profiles of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. infecting broiler chickens. A total of 240 caecal samples from six slaughterhouses were examined for the presence of Campylobacter spp. C. jejuni was detected in 40.4% (97/240) of the samples and C. coli in 12.1% (29/240). The agar disc diffusion method and the E-test were used for testing the antimicrobial susceptibility of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates. C. jejuni isolates were most resistant to nalidixic acid (79.4%) followed by tetracycline (76.3%), ciprofloxacin (74.2%) and enrofloxacin (15.5%). Among the C. coli isolates, the frequency of resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was the same at 65.5%. The predominant profiles of multidrug resistance to three or more antimicrobials in C. jejuni and C. coli were determined as tetracycline/nalidixic acid/ciprofloxacin resistance (48.5%) and tetracycline/nalidixic acid/ciprofloxacin/enrofloxacin resistance (51.7%), respectively. To prevent the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria of animal origin to humans, it should be noted that high proportions of multidrug resistance were found in both species.  相似文献   

11.
The objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Arcobacter spp. isolated from various sources. Seventy Arcobacter spp. isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 13 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by using the agar disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood. The antibiotics tested included enrofloxacin, erythromycin, streptomycin, gentamycin, rifampin, tetracycline, ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, danofloxacin, amoxycillin-clavulonic acid, cefuroxime-sodium, neomycine. Although all the arcobacters tested were susceptible to gentamycin, resistance to three or more antibacterial agents (especially, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, cefuroxime-sodium and rifampin) was observed. A. butzleri isolates were found to be resistant to amoxycillin+clavulonic acid, nalidixic acid and ampicillin, at the rate of 20%, 44.28% and 78.57% respectively. In conclusion, gentamycin, streptomycin and tetracycline may be suitable antibiotics for the treatment or control of disease caused by Arcobacter spp. in veterinary and human medicine.  相似文献   

12.
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolated from dairy herds in New York, Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin, USA. Serogroup and antimicrobial susceptibility characteristics were determined for Salmonella from cattle and environmental samples collected during August 2000–October 2001 as part of a longitudinal study where 129 herds were visited at 2-month intervals. Salmonella isolates were tested (using a broth microdilution method) for susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Of the 1506 isolates tested for minimum inhibitory concentrations to these 14 antimicrobial agents, 81.2% were pan-susceptible and for most herds (81.6%) the predominant antimicrobial resistance pattern was pan-susceptible. At least 1 Salmonella isolate resistant to 5 or more antimicrobial agents was found on 23.6% of herds. This resistance phenotype was most common among serogroups B and E1 and among samples from calves and farmer-designated sick cows. Resistant samples most frequently exhibited resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, and/or ampicillin. No samples were resistant to ceftriaxone (though 13 were in the intermediate range), and very few samples were resistant to ciprofloxacin (n = 1), nalidixic acid (n = 5), or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 7).  相似文献   

13.
All the strains of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale isolated in the Netherlands between 1996 and 1999 were tested in the agar gel diffusion test for their sensitivity to amoxycillin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulphonamide (TMP/S). The percentages of strains sensitive to amoxycillin and tetracycline decreased in successive years from approximately 62 per cent to 14 per cent, and four strains were resistant to enrofloxacin or TMP/S. Twelve multiresistant strains were tested against seven alternative antibiotics; they were resistant to all of them except clavulanic acid-potentiated amoxycillin.  相似文献   

14.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of methicillin-susceptible (MS) and methicillin-resistant (MR) coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) strains isolated from milk of cows with mastitis. The study was conducted on 100 CNS strains (20 MRCNS and 80 MSCNS) isolated from milk samples of 86 cows from the Lublin (Poland) region farms. Antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms was evaluated using the disc-diffusion method on the Mueller-Hinton agar according to the guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). The highest efficacy against MSCNS was demonstrated for cephalosporin antibiotics, i.e. cefacetril (91.3%), ceftiofur (67.5%), cefoperazone (66.3%) and cephalexin (60.0% of susceptible MSCNS strains). Moreover, a high percentage of vancomycin-susceptible strains was demonstrated (83.8%). The activity of combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and gentamicin was found weaker (63.8% and 61.3% of susceptible strains, respectively). About 50.0% of MSCNS were susceptible to erythromycin, enrofloxacine and amoxicillin. A large proportion of CNS was resistant to neomycin, penicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, lincomycin and ampicillin (28.8%, 30.0%, 31.3%, 31.3%, 33.8% and 33.8% of susceptible strains, respectively). The highest percentage of MRCNS was susceptible to vancomycin (75.0%), erythromycin (65.0%) and streptomycin (50.0%). Their susceptibility to enrofloxacine (35.0%) as well as gentamicin and tetracycline (30.0%) was markedly lower. The lowest activity was found for lincomycin and neomycin (20.0% of susceptible MRCNS strains, each).  相似文献   

15.
Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica Indiana, a food-borne serovar uncommon in most countries, was responsible for an outbreak of abortion in a flock of Lacaune dairy ewes in southern Spain. Drinking water and feedstuff samples were analysed in an attempt to determine the source of the infection. Pigeons (Columba livia) and turtledoves (Streptopelia turtur) in close contact with the ewes were captured and examined for the bacterium. Seventeen S. Indiana strains were isolated from the ewes and wild birds and the genetic similarity among them analysed by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) after the digestion of their genomic DNA with the restriction enzyme XbaI. The results suggest the wild birds might be responsible for the outbreak in the ewes. The strains recovered were fully susceptible to 15 out of the 16 antimicrobial agents tested: ampicillin, amoxycillin clavulanate, cephalothin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sulphonamides, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, apramycin, colistin and chloramphenicol. Differences in the resistance pattern to nalidixic acid were observed; 11 strains (64.7%) were nalidixic acid resistant (R-Nx) and 6 (35.3%) sensitive (S-Nx). Among the R-Nx strains, a substitution of Gly to Cys at position 81 (Gly81àCys) of the gyrA gene in 10 strains isolated from wild birds and ovine foetuses, and of Asp to Tyr at position 87 (Asp87àTyr) in one strain isolated from ewe faeces, were revealed by sequencing the gene. To control the outbreak, enrofloxacin treatment was administered for 5 days. The same therapy was used to prevent infection during following gestation cycles, administering the antimicrobial agent at presentation and over 4 weeks before birth. Anti-bird meshes and closed drinking and feeding troughs were also installed to prevent further contact of the ewes with wild birds.  相似文献   

16.
安晶  王晓  王新  郭刚  王雅春  俞英 《中国畜牧兽医》2014,41(10):213-218
本研究旨在检测并对比分析中国北方地区3个荷斯坦牛场乳源金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,简称金葡菌)的流行情况及乳汁中总菌群的抗生素耐药性。试验采集北方地区3个荷斯坦牛场的生产群奶样、大罐奶样和临床型乳房炎牛奶样共181份,首先采用Baird-Parker选择性培养基对金葡菌进行分离纯化;再采用特异性PCR方法鉴定含金葡菌特异基因nuc的金葡菌菌株;最后采用琼脂稀释法检测奶样中总菌群及金葡菌对14种抗生素的耐药性。结果发现,181份奶样带菌率为100%;金黄色葡萄球菌检出率为16.03%,分离纯化了48株金葡菌。奶样总菌群耐药性检测结果表明,中国北方地区3个荷斯坦牛场对于β-内酰胺类抗生素(苯唑西林、氨苄西林、头孢西丁、头孢哌酮)耐药性均较高,达89%以上;对红霉素、利福平、四环素、万古霉素、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑、阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药性达80%以上;对氯霉素的耐药率过半;仅对阿米卡星耐药率较低(18%~58%)。对金葡菌耐药性检测结果显示,3个牛场金葡菌对环丙沙星、头孢西丁和甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑有较高耐药性,但均对阿米卡星、氯霉素、加替沙星和万古霉素敏感。3个牛场绝大多数菌株都产生了多重耐药谱。研究结果为奶牛场乳源总菌群、金葡菌耐药性情况及科学用药提供试验数据。  相似文献   

17.
隋慧 《中国畜牧兽医》2012,39(8):205-207
从锦州市某猪场7份疑似副猪嗜血杆菌病料中分离到4株革兰氏阴性细小杆菌,进行了细菌培养特性试验、纯化后镜检、V因子需要试验、卫星现象检查、生化试验、PCR鉴定、药物敏感试验、细菌的致病性试验。结果表明,分离的菌株为副猪嗜血杆菌,4株分离菌株对林可霉素、环丙沙星、强力霉素、头孢噻肟、氧氟沙星和恩诺沙星均较敏感;对卡那霉素、复方新诺明、克林霉素、金霉素、四环素均为耐药;对链霉素呈现不同程度的敏感性。  相似文献   

18.
The prevalence of antibiotic resistance, with special attention to vancomycin, in 165 Enterococcus strains isolated from dogs subjected or not to previous antibiotics treatment(s) was determined. For each strain, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to 9 antibiotics was assessed. All strains were sensible to vancomycin. High frequencies of resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, rifampicin, and enrofloxacin were detected. E. faecium strains isolated from dogs subjected to antibiotic treatment were more resistant to tetracycline with respect to control dogs. Although enterococci from dog show a high degree of antibiotic resistance, they are sensitive to vancomycin. Therefore, the risk of transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal strains from dogs to man is close to zero.  相似文献   

19.
The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of five tetracyclines and ten other antimicrobial agents were determined for four porcine bacterial respiratory tract pathogens by the agar dilution method. For the following oxytetracycline-susceptible strains, the MIC50 ranges of the tetracyclines were: P. multocida (n = 17) 0.25-0.5 micrograms/ml; B. bronchiseptica (n = 20) 0.25-1.0 micrograms/ml; H. pleuropneumoniae (n = 20) 0.25-0.5 micrograms/ml; S. suis Type 2 (n = 20) 0.06-0.25 micrograms/ml. For 19 oxytetracycline-resistant P. multocida strains the MIC50 of the tetracyclines varied from 64 micrograms/ml for oxytetracycline to 0.5 micrograms/ml for minocycline. Strikingly, minocycline showed no cross-resistance with oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycycline in P. multocida and in H. pleuropneumoniae. Moreover, in susceptible strains minocycline showed the highest in vitro activity followed by doxycycline. Low MIC50 values were observed for chloramphenicol, ampicillin, flumequine, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against P. multocida and H. pleuropneumoniae. B. bronchiseptica was moderately susceptible or resistant to these compounds. As expected tiamulin, lincomycin, tylosin and spiramycin were not active against H. pleuropneumoniae. Except for flumequine, the MIC50 values of nine antimicrobial agents were low for S. suis Type 2. Six strains of this species showed resistance to the macrolides and lincomycin.  相似文献   

20.
Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated in Italy in the period 2002-2004 from human and animal sources were examined for their antimicrobial susceptibility. Resistance to tetracycline (T, 73.6%), sulfonamides (Su, 73.3%), ampicillin (A, 67.6%), streptomycin (S, 65.4%) and chloramphenicol (C, 32.3%) were frequently observed. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was only observed in a swine strain, but most human strains resistant to nalidixic acid showed reduced susceptibility to that drug (MIC > or = 0.125 mg/l). Overall, 64% of the strains were resistant to four or more drugs. The most common resistance profiles were ACSSuT, prevalent in strains belonging phage type DT104 and ASSuT, prevalently associated with strains unable to be typed.  相似文献   

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