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31.
Tien‐Chun WAN Fu‐Yuan CHENG Yu‐Tse LIU Liang‐Chuan LIN Ryoichi SAKATA 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(6):697-704
The purpose of the study was to investigate bioactive compounds of in vitro cultured Calculus Suis and natural Calculus Bovis obtained as valuable by‐products from animals used for meat production. The results showed that the components of natural Calculus Bovis were rich in bilirubin and biliverdin and had higher content of essential amino acids. The major amino acids of in vitro cultured Calculus Suis were identified as glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid, and those for natural Calculus Bovis were found to be glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, and arginine. The methionine and cysteine contents of precursors for glutathione in natural Calculus Bovis were significantly higher than those of in vitro cultured Calculus Suis. The mineral contents of zinc, iron and manganese of natural Calculus Bovis were significantly higher than those of in vitro cultured Calculus Suis. The major bile acids in both products were cholic acid and dehydrocholic acid, respectively. The chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic acid content of in vitro cultured Calculus Suis was significantly higher than that of natural Calculus Bovis. 相似文献
32.
Ryoichi Ikeda Yoshimi Sokei Inoussa Akintayo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(8):1637-1644
A comparison of breeder seed from different seed sources produced guidelines for multiplication of NERICA (New Rice for Africa)
varieties. Lower percentage detection of offtypes was noted with seed from a breeder than with seed from the Genetic Resources
Unit (GRU) of the Africa Rice Center. The GRU grows breeder seed in the field as bulk populations of varieties and this seed
is multiplied for the foundation seed. Breeders, however, always cultivate the variety in each family with several lines.
In the comparison, each NERICA variety was cultivated as a single plant per hill for easy offtype detection in the field.
Any offtypes or doubtful plants were recorded and immediately discarded. The breeder seed was not always genetically uniform
because it was not yet fixed genetically and included mechanical seed mixture as well as natural mutants. Offtypes were classified
into categories such as chlorophyll mutants, aberrations of plant height, plant types and panicle types, semi- or high sterility,
awnness, apiculous color, leaf sheath color and excessively early plants. The causes of these offtypes were mainly (1) mechanical
seed mixture, (2) segregation in genetically-unfixed material, (3) out-crossing with another variety, or (4) natural mutation.
In 2006, we multiplied foundation seed using used home-saved seed from the 2005 crop harvested after removal of offtypes.
The detection percentage of offtypes decreased compared with the previous year, but the number of semi- or high sterility
plants increased significantly. This review confirms that breeder seed must be maintained with line culture within a family. 相似文献
33.
Yutaka Taguchi Yudai Inabu Koki Hayasaki Noriyuki Maeda Yoshiro Kanmera Seiji Yamasaki Noboru Ota Kenji Mukawa Arisa Tsuboi Hirokuni Miyamoto Tetsuji Etoh Yuji Shiotsuka Ryoichi Fujino Christopher D. McMahon Hideyuki Takahashi 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13505
We evaluated the effects of feeding high volumes of milk replacer on growth and reproductive performances in Japanese black heifers. Fifty-one heifers were fed milk replacer at 9 L/day for 60 days (9 L × 60 days; n = 18) or 41 days (9 L × 41 days; n = 15), or at 7 L/day for 40 days (7 L × 40 days; n = 18). Artificial insemination (AI) was performed on heifers with ≥270 kg body weight and ≥116 cm body height at 300 days of age. The age at the first AI was 0.35 month later for 7 L × 40 days than the other groups (p < .01). However, age at calving did not differ among treatments (22.1 months). The interval from the first AI to pregnancy tended to be ~2 months longer for the 9 L × 60 days than the other groups (p = .07). Our results showed that feeding high volumes of milk replacer may reduce the age at calving via an improved rate of growth. In addition, we propose that feeding a maximum of 7 L milk replacer for 40 days may be the most appropriate rearing regime because the success of pregnancy per AI may be reduced in calves fed a maximum of 9 L for 41 and 60 days. 相似文献
34.
Daley GQ Ahrlund Richter L Auerbach JM Benvenisty N Charo RA Chen G Deng HK Goldstein LS Hudson KL Hyun I Junn SC Love J Lee EH McLaren A Mummery CL Nakatsuji N Racowsky C Rooke H Rossant J Schöler HR Solbakk JH Taylor P Trounson AO Weissman IL Wilmut I Yu J Zoloth L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5812):603-604
35.
In order to reduce nitrogen and phosphorous loads flowing out from paddy fields, the effects of no-puddling and coated fertilizer were examined. First, pot examination was performed in order to clarify the influence of puddling on nitrogen and phosphorous concentration in the ponding water on paddy soils. The experiment was conducted three times under the condition of puddling or no-puddling, as the condition of fertilizing or no-fertilizing. By using the result, the storage term of the ponding water after puddling was considered for four soils.Next, a field experiment was conducted to compare the effect of the coated urea division with the conventionally cultivated division and the no-fertilizing division. By using coated urea, it was possible to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to about 60% of the conventionally cultivated division; thus, it showed clearly that coated urea has a great effect on reducing effluent nitrogen. Although there was less yield of hulled rice than that of the conventionally cultivated division, it was proven by the palatability test that the flavor of the rice from the coated urea division was better than that of the conventionally cultivated division rice. 相似文献
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37.
Mori R Kodaka T Naito Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(2):197-200
Young calves are known to be formed with laminar bone in long-bone cortex during growing periods and the osteon formation begins later. Previously, we reported that an 11-year-old giant Holstein cow with dermal dysplasia showed a delayed osteon formation. An 8.5-year-old cow, born from the giant Holstein cow, also showed some dermal dysplasia and the outer-half layer of the child almost retained laminar bone similar to that of the mother, although the body weight was approximately normal. The mother had formed the inner circumferential lamella and the child was going to form the inner circumferential lamella, but their outer circumferential lamellas were not formed yet in both of them, when compared with a 12-years-old cow as a control of the mother. Therefore, we suggest on long-bone formation pattern that the child resembled the mother rather than the control, and that the child had more or less succeeded to the mother genes of delayed osteon formation as well as dermal dysplasia which seemed to be genetic collagen disorder, although there were mild gene appearances. 相似文献
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39.
Juvenile red king crabs (RKCs) Paralithodes camtschaticus have a strong tendency for cannibalism, which is an obstacle for seedling production. We investigated the effects of density-dependent cannibalism on the survival rate and on growth, and estimated the optimal stocking density. Four different stocking densities of juvenile first instar crabs were maintained in tanks (50, 100, 200 and 400 individuals per 100-l tank: bottom area was 0.25 m2) during the 209 or 216 days of rearing. The survival rate was affected by stocking density, elapsed days, and the interaction between these variables. Although carapace length, an index of body size, was also affected by density, elapsed days, and the interaction between these variables, the effect associated with density was quite small, suggesting that cannibalism did not intensely affect growth of juvenile crabs. We then estimated the initial stocking density that maximizes the number of survivors using parameters of analyses. Optimal initial stocking density was predicted as 416, 197 and 149 individuals per tank when the target size was assumed as 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mm, respectively. This estimation provides a baseline for seedling production in RKCs and could be further improved by considering other factors that affect survival and growth of RKCs. 相似文献
40.
Osamu Ito Ryoichi Matsunaga Theertham Pradyumna Rao 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):419-422
The modern varieties of pigeonpea were domesticated from perennial wild species with a tall bushy startue (van der Maesen 1990). Although breeding efforts had been focused on the incorporation of the annual character compatible with the present cropping systems, perennial character persists in the growth habit. The growth feature related to the perennial character is represented by a low early growth vigor (Brakke and Gardner 1987). The lower net photosynthetic rate compared with that of sunflower, cotton, and other legumes at the same leaf age (Rawson and Constable 1981) may account for the slow growth. Although photosynthetic activities are controlled by many factors, including environmental, physical, and chemical factors, allocation of the fixed carbon into either starch or sucrose is one of the regulating mechanisms in photosynthetic pathways (Huber et al. 1990) which directly affects translocation of photosynthates and consequently whole plant growth. 相似文献