The Effect of Chromosome 1B/1R Translocation on the Yield Potential of Certain Spring Wheats (Triticum aestivum L.)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

R. L. Villareal    S. Rajaram    A. Mujeeb-Kazi  E. Del  Toro 《Plant Breeding》1991,106(1):77-81

Nearly 50 percent of the 1988 advanced breeding lines of the CIMMYT bread wheat breeding program possess the 1B/1R homozygous translocation. Hence, a trial was conducted to estimate the effect of 1B/1R chromosome translocation on the yield potential of some of our high-yielding spring wheats, where non-limiting levels of fertility, moisture, preventive pest and disease programs were used. In conclusing the 1B/1R lines seemed to have increased their above-ground biomass yield, number of spikes per meter², 1000-grain weight and test weight. They also exhibited a slight advantage over the 1B homozygous lines on grain yield. The observed difference, however, was non-significant, as was the plant height difference observed among the two groups. Varietal comparisons indicated that the 1B/1R group headed later than the 1B group.  相似文献   

Comparison of selection indices to screen lowland rice for drought resistance     

K. T. Ingram  J. G. Real  M. A. Maguling  M. A. Obien  G. C. Loresto 《Euphytica》1990,48(3):253-260

Summary Although many selection indices have been used to screen rices (Oryza sativa L.) for drought resistance, there has been little comparison of the relative merits of these indices. Research was conducted to compare drought resistance as estimated from grain yields, canopy-temperature-based stress indices, visual scoring, and uprooting force for 30 rice genotypes grown in the field with a puddled Maahas clay (Typic Tropaquept) and to evaluate traits related to drought resistance from nonstressed plants grown in the field and in aeroponic culture. Water deficit was imposed in the field by withholding irrigation from 45 to 75 days after transplanting compared to a continuously flooded control. Grain yields in the stress treatment were most strongly correlated with visual assessment of drought stress symptoms according to a standard evaluation system (r = 0.66). Canopy-temperature-based indices were also significantly correlated with grain yields of the stress treatment (r from –0.55 to –0.63). No trait of aeroponically grown plants was correlated with traits of stressed plants in the field. We conclude that visual scoring of stressed plants was the best method of screening for drought resistance, but if controlled water deficit cannot be imposed, then drought resistance may be estimated by measuring both uprooting force and grain yield.  相似文献   

The measurements of acid detergent fibre in rapeseed by visible and near-infrared spectroscopy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. Font    B. Wittkop    A. G. Badani    M. Del  Río-Celestino  W. Friedt    W. Lühs  A. De  Haro-Bailón 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(4):410-412

Visible and near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calibrations for acid detergent fibre (ADF) in intact rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) were performed for two different sample volumes (10 ml, 500 seeds approximately; and 1 ml, 50 seeds approximately). The inclusion of brown and yellow‐seeded cultivars in this work has allowed the whole range of ADF currently described in the literature for this character to be covered. Chemometric techniques have been used for developing calibration equations for both procedures when measuring the two different seed sample volumes. On the basis of the coefficient of determination in the cross‐validation (R²cv) obtained for the 10 and 1 ml assays (0.80 and 0.73), and SECV/SEL ratios (2.30 and 2.57), respectively, both equations showed an accuracy sufficient for screening purposes in an ADF range from 6.80 to 13.46% dry wt, which is presented in this work.  相似文献   

The role of mineral and organic components in phenanthrene and dibenzofuran sorption by soil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. Celis  H. de Jonge  L. W. de Jonge  M. Real  M. C. Hermosín  & J. Cornejo 《European Journal of Soil Science》2006,57(3):308-319

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Synthesis of Novel Thin-Film Materials by Pulsed Laser Deposition     

DH Lowndes  DB Geohegan  AA Puretzky  DP Norton  CM Rouleau 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,273(5277):898-903

Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a conceptually and experimentally simple yet highly versatile tool for thin-film and multilayer research. Its advantages for the film growth of oxides and other chemically complex materials include stoichiometric transfer, growth from an energetic beam, reactive deposition, and inherent simplicity for the growth of multilayered structures. With the use of PLD, artificially layered materials and metastable phases have been created and their properties varied by control of the layer thicknesses. In situ monitoring techniques have provided information about the role of energetic species in the formation of ultrahard phases and in the doping of semiconductors. Cluster-assembled nanocrystalline and composite films offer opportunities to control and produce new combinations of properties with PLD.  相似文献   

Human voice recognition depends on language ability     

Perrachione TK  Del Tufo SN  Gabrieli JD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6042):595

The ability to recognize people by their voice is an important social behavior. Individuals differ in how they pronounce words, and listeners may take advantage of language-specific knowledge of speech phonology to facilitate recognizing voices. Impaired phonological processing is characteristic of dyslexia and thought to be a basis for difficulty in learning to read. We tested voice-recognition abilities of dyslexic and control listeners for voices speaking listeners' native language or an unfamiliar language. Individuals with dyslexia exhibited impaired voice-recognition abilities compared with controls only for voices speaking their native language. These results demonstrate the importance of linguistic representations for voice recognition. Humans appear to identify voices by making comparisons between talkers' pronunciations of words and listeners' stored abstract representations of the sounds in those words.  相似文献   

Effect of aging on lees and of three different dry yeast derivative products on Verdejo white wine composition and sensorial characteristics     

Del Barrio-Galán R  Pérez-Magariño S  Ortega-Heras M  Williams P  Doco T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(23):12433-12442

A study was made of the effect of aging on lees and of three different commercial yeast derivative products of different composition and degree of purification on the phenolic compounds, color, proteins, polysaccharides, and sensorial characteristics of white wines. The results obtained showed that the lees and yeast derivative products can interact or adsorb some of the phenolic compounds present in wines, reducing their concentration. This reduction depends on the treatment applied, the phenolic compound analyzed, and the stage of vinification or aging process. The use of lees and yeast derivative products can reduce the color intensity and the browning of the wines immediately following treatment. The monosaccharide and polysaccharide content of yeast derivative products depends on the manufacturing process and degree of purification of the product, both of which have an influence on wine treatments. After 6 months in the bottle, both the aging on lees and the treatment with commercial yeast derivative products gave rise to wines with better sensorial characteristics than in the case of the control wines.  相似文献   

Demographic characteristics of scrapie-affected holdings identified by active and passive surveillance schemes in Great Britain: 2002–2005     

K. Marie McIntyre  Victor J. Del Rio Vilas  Simon Gubbins 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,187(2):207-211

Several surveillance techniques have been used to quantify the prevalence of both classical and atypical scrapie in British sheep, namely the recording of clinical suspects (RC) and the testing of animals slaughtered at abattoir (AS) or reported as fallen stock (FS). Any estimate of prevalence based on a particular source is likely to have been affected by demographic differences in the populations sampled. In this study, the demographic characteristics of scrapie-affected holdings detected by each of the surveillance streams (RC, AS, FS) in Great Britain were compared. Analyses of all three streams indicated that the probability of an affected holding being detected by a particular stream differed by geographical area, the number of animals brought onto the holding, the type of scrapie identified (classical vs. atypical) and the year. More detailed analysis of AS and FS suggested that the annual and regional differences between these surveys could be explained by differences in sampling effort.  相似文献   

Improving sooty blotch and flyspeck severity estimation on apple fruit with the aid of standard area diagrams     

Piérri Spolti  Luana Schneider  Rosa M. V. Sanhueza  Jean C. Batzer  Mark L. Gleason  Emerson Medeiros Del Ponte 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,129(1):21-29

Sooty blotch and flyspeck is caused by numerous species of fungi that colonize the surface of apple fruit and thereby lower its market value. Although this disease poses a substantial threat to apple growers’ profitability in some regions, reliable and cost-effective methods for epidemiological and disease control studies have not been validated, nor are they widely available. We modified a standard area diagram to aid sooty blotch and flyspeck severity assessments and quantified its impact on accuracy and precision of visual estimates. Samples of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Mutsu’ fruit were photographed both from the top and laterally. Severity was assessed from a sub-sample of 160 images using image analysis software. Validation of the diagram was performed by eight raters who independently assessed severity in two series of selected images representing the lateral view and the top view, initially unaided and subsequently with the aid of the scale. Severity estimates ranged from 0.4% to 98% (most fruit had <10% severity). Accuracy and precision of the estimates were significantly improved when using the diagrammatic scale; concordance correlation coefficient values increased from 0.81 to 0.95. A strong tendency to underestimate severity for the mid-range to high levels was minimized when using the aid, which also improved reproducibility of the estimates among raters. In addition to strengthening evidence that a standard area diagram can be used reliably in sooty blotch and flyspeck studies, we expanded its application to disease assessment in the peduncle region, which enhances the usefulness of the method for evaluating efficacy of management practices.  相似文献   

Chemical characterization of lignin and lipid fractions in kenaf bast fibers used for manufacturing high-quality papers     

Gutiérrez A  Rodríguez IM  Del Río JC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(15):4764-4773

The chemical composition of lignin and lipids of bast fibers from kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) used for high-quality paper pulp production was studied. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) of fibers showed a lignin with a high syringyl/guaiacyl ratio (5.4) and minor amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units. Simultaneously, sinapyl and coniferyl acetates were also identified, indicating that this lignin is partially acetylated. p-Hydroxycinnamic acids were found in only trace amounts. The main lipids identified by GC/MS of extracts from kenaf fibers were series of long-chain n-fatty acids, waxes, n-alkanes, and n-fatty alcohols. Free and esterified sterols and triterpenols, steroid hydrocarbons, and steroid and triterpenoid ketones, as well as steryl glycosides, were also found. Finally, the fate of the main constituents of kenaf fibers in alkaline pulping was also investigated.  相似文献