Impact of a treatment with phospholipase A2 on the physicochemical properties of hen egg yolk     

Daimer K  Kulozik U 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(11):4172-4180

Changes in physicochemical properties of egg yolk were investigated after a treatment with phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2), where phospholipids are converted in lyso-phospholipids. Protein solubility and protein denaturation before and after modification by PLA 2 was monitored as well as the functionality of egg yolk by means of interfacial tension. Enzymatic treatment showed a significant impact on the properties of egg yolk with regard to protein solubility and denaturation behavior. To gain a closer insight, egg yolk was separated in its water-soluble fraction called plasma and the insoluble granules. Both fractions were separately modified by PLA 2. The granule fraction shows a higher protein solubility, and the plasma proteins show very high heat stability after modification by PLA 2. Hypotheses regarding related changes in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are discussed. Results suggest that significant differences in the functional properties of untreated and PLA 2-modified egg yolk do not primarily result from the existence of lyso-phospholipids but from structural changes in egg yolk granules and LDL particles.  相似文献   

Interactions of local habitat type,landscape composition and flower availability moderate wild bee communities     

Neumüller  Ulrich  Burger  Hannah  Krausch  Sabrina  Blüthgen  Nico  Ayasse  Manfred 《Landscape Ecology》2020,35(10):2209-2224

Context

Landscape and local habitat traits moderate wild bee communities. However, whether landscape effects differ between local habitat types is largely unknown.

Objectives

We explored the way that wild bee communities in three distinct habitats are shaped by landscape composition and the availability of flowering plants by evaluating divergences in response patterns between habitats.

Methods

In a large-scale monitoring project across 20 research areas, wild bee data were collected on three habitats: near-natural grassland, established flower plantings and residual habitats (e.g. field margins). Additionally, landscape composition was mapped around the research areas.

Results

Our monitoring produced a dataset of 27,650 bees belonging to 324 species. Bee communities on all three habitats reacted similarly to local flower availability. Intensively managed grassland in the surrounding landscape had an overall negative effect on the studied habitats. Other landscape variables produced diverging response patterns that were particularly pronounced during early and late season. Bee communities in near-natural grassland showed a strong positive response to ruderal areas. Flower plantings and residual habitats such as field margins showed a pronounced positive response to extensively managed grassland and woodland edges. Response patterns regarding bee abundance were consistent with those found for species richness.

Conclusion

We advise the consideration of local habitat type and seasonality when assessing the effect of landscape context on bee communities. A reduction in the intensity of grassland management enhances bee diversity in a broad range of habitats. Moreover, wild bee communities are promoted by habitat types such as ruderal areas or woodland edges.

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Pesticide contamination of the upper Elbe River and an adjacent floodplain area     

Karlsson  Anneli S.  Lesch  Michael  Weihermüller  Lutz  Thiele  Björn  Disko  Ulrich  Hofmann  Diana  Vereecken  Harry  Spielvogel  Sandra 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2020,20(4):2067-2081

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Pesticide contamination of river waters is a global problem, and therefore, authorities regularly monitor the water quality status. Especially, flood events might...  相似文献   

Evaluation of urinary carnitine and taurine excretion in 5 cystinuric dogs with carnitine and taurine deficiency     

Sanderson SL  Osborne CA  Lulich JP  Bartges JW  Pierpont ME  Ogburn PN  Koehler LA  Swanson LL  Bird KA  Ulrich LK 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(2):94-100

Five client owned dogs with cystinuria were diagnosed with carnitine and taurine deficiency while participating in a clinical trial that used dietary management of their urolithiasis. Stored 24-hour urine samples collected from the cystinuric dogs before enrollment in the clinical diet trial were quantitatively evaluated for carnitine and taurine. These results were compared to those obtained from 18 healthy Beagles. Both groups of dogs were fed the same maintenance diet for a minimum of 2 weeks before 24-hour urine collection. The protocol used for 24-hour urine collections was the same for cystinuric dogs and healthy Beagles except that cystinuric dogs were catheterized at baseline, 8 hours, 12 hours, and at the end of the collection, whereas Beagles were catheterized at baseline, 8 hours, and at the end of the collection. Three of 5 dogs with cystinuria had increased renal excretion of carnitine. None of the cystinuric dogs had increased renal excretion of taurine, but cystinuric dogs excreted significantly less (P < .05) taurine in their urine than the healthy Beagles. Carnitinuria has not been recognized previously in either humans or dogs with cystinuria, and it may be 1 risk factor for developing carnitine deficiency. Cystinuric dogs in this study were not taurinuric; however, cystine is a precursor amino acid for taurine synthesis. Therefore, cystinuria may be 1 risk factor for developing taurine deficiency in dogs. We suggest that dogs with cystinuria be monitored for carnitine and taurine deficiency or supplemented with carnitine and taurine.  相似文献   

Ultrasonographic anatomy of the equine temporomandibular joint     

Weller R  Taylor S  Maierl J  Cauvin ER  May SA 《Equine veterinary journal》1999,31(6):529-532

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Genetic analysis of eutypa strains from california supports the presence of two pathogenic species     

Descenzo RA  Engel SR  Gomez G  Jackson EL  Munkvold GP  Weller J  Irelan NA 《Phytopathology》1999,89(10):884-893

ABSTRACT Eutypa dieback is a perennial canker disease that adversely affects grape (Vitis vinifera) production throughout the world. The causal agent has been known as either Eutypa armeniacae or E. lata, and it has been unclear whether the two taxa are separate species. We analyzed 115 isolates of Eutypa and conspecific strains, including 106 from California, using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and sequence analysis of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence. Strains from cultivated plant species exhibited an average genetic distance of 0.34, as calculated by the DICE coefficient (NTSYS-pc software). An unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages dendrogram revealed a genetically distinct (distance of 0.73) group of Eutypa strains from valley oak (Quercus lobata) and madrone (Arbutus menziesii) and a strain from grape. Analysis of rDNA ITS sequences strongly supported the genetically distinct cluster detected in the AFLP data. Combined data indicated the presence of two species of Eutypa (E. armeniacae and E. lata) in our sample population. However, both Eutypa species were capable of infecting native and cultivated hosts, suggesting the potential for native tree species to serve as inoculum sources for grape infection in California. Further investigations of E. armeniacae and E. lata would contribute to the development of a successful disease management strategy.  相似文献   

Reliability of taurine concentrations measured in single urine samples obtained from dogs eight hours after eating     

Sanderson S  Gross K  Lulich J  Osborne C  Ogburn P  Pierpont ME  Koehler L  Swanson L  Bird K  Ulrich L 《American journal of veterinary research》1999,60(2):186-189

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of taurine concentrations measured in a single urine sample obtained from dogs 8 hours after eating, compared with taurine concentrations measured in 24-hour urine samples. ANIMALS: 18 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURE: After emptying the urinary bladder by transurethral catheterization, dogs were fed a canned maintenance diet. Approximately 8 hours later, urine, plasma, and serum samples were obtained for determination of fractional urinary excretion of taurine and urine taurine-to-creatinine concentration ratios (Utaur:Ucr). Results were compared with 24-hour urinary taurine excretion rate. RESULTS: Unbound and total fractional urinary taurine excretion correlated well with unbound and total 24-hour urinary taurine excretion. However, bound fractional urinary taurine excretion correlated poorly with bound 24-hour urinary taurine excretion. Unbound and total Utaur:Ucr correlated well with unbound and total 24-hour urinary taurine excretion. However, bound Utaur:Ucr correlated poorly with bound 24-hour urinary taurine excretion. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Fractional urinary excretion of unbound and total taurine, and unbound and total Utaur:Ucr are reliable indicators of 24-hour urinary unbound and total taurine excretion in healthy dogs. However, determination of 24-hour urinary taurine excretion is recommended for evaluating urinary bound taurine concentrations of dogs.  相似文献   

Temperature studies on chicken inoculations to aid differentiation between Clostridium chauvoei and Clostridium septicum     

E A Lozano  J T Ulrich 《The Cornell veterinarian》1968,58(3):333-343

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Air bags, safety, and big brother     

Weller R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1976,194(4269):998-998

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Die Bedeutung von rodung und Feuer für die Boden- und Vegetationsentwicklung in Mitteleuropa     

B. Ulrich 《European Journal of Forest Research》1980,99(1):376-384

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