Roles of bootstrap resampling,measure of central tendency,and method for calculating thermal units when developing phenology models for pest management     

DE Legg  SM Van Vleet  DW Ragsdale  RW Hansen  LC Skinner  TR Collier 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(4):319-325

The successful development of phenology models from field studies depends on many factors, some of which are entirely under the control of pest managers. For example, one such factor is the choice of method for calculating thermal units. In this study, we have demonstrated that four methods for calculating thermal units provided for acceptable predictions of one phenological event of one insect species, while another method for calculating thermal units did not. The measure of central tendency (mean or median) that is used to estimate lower developmental temperatures and required thermal summations is another factor that pest managers can control when developing phenology models from field studies. Here, we show that predictions that were made when using phenology models based on median lower developmental temperatures and median required thermal summations were superior to predictions that were made when using phenology models based on mean lower developmental temperatures and mean required thermal summations. The use of bootstrap vs. non-bootstrap estimates of lower developmental temperatures and required thermal summations is yet another factor that pest managers can control when developing phenology models from field studies. In this study, we found that calculating and using bootstrap estimates of lower developmental temperatures and required thermal summations in phenology models did not improve the predictions of one phenological event for one insect species. The implications of these and other findings are discussed.  相似文献   

Evaluation of cytokine mRNA expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells from horses with inflammatory airway disease     

Hughes KJ  Nicolson L  Da Costa N  Franklin SH  Allen KJ  Dunham SP 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,140(1-2):82-89

Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) is a common disorder of performance horses and is associated with poor performance and accumulation of mucus and inflammatory cells in lower airway secretions. Horses with IAD frequently have increased relative counts of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); less commonly relative counts of eosinophils and/or mast cells may be increased. The aetiopathogenesis of IAD is unknown and may involve innate and/or acquired immune responses to various factors including respirable dust constituents, micro-organisms, noxious gases and unconditioned air. The molecular pathways and role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of IAD remain poorly defined and it is unknown whether polarised T cell responses occur in the disease, as have been reported to occur in equine recurrent airway obstruction and asthma in humans. Elucidating cytokine responses that develop in horses with IAD may allow a greater understanding of the possible aetiopathological pathway(s) involved and could contribute to development of novel treatments. We compared the mRNA expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-13, IL-17 and IL-23 in cell pellets extracted from BALF of horses with IAD (n=21) and horses free of respiratory tract disease (n=17). Horses with IAD had significantly increased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-23 mRNA; no significant differences in the other cytokine mRNAs were detected. The results of this study indicate that IAD of horses is associated with increased mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BALF cells, which may reflect stimulation of the innate immune responses to inhaled antigens. There was no evidence of a polarised T-cell cytokine response suggesting hypersensitivity responses may not be involved in the aetiopathogenesis of IAD.  相似文献   

Investigation of the soil properties that affect Olsen P critical values in different soil types and impact on P fertiliser recommendations     

Susan Tandy  Jane M. B. Hawkins  Sarah J. Dunham  Javier Hernandez-Allica  Steve J. Granger  Huimin Yuan  Steve P. McGrath  Martin S. A. Blackwell 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(4):1802-1816

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Lesions associated with attachment of the cestode Tentacularia sp. to the duodeno-spiral junction in the blue shark, Prionace glauca (L.), with a description of the intestinal morphology of the shark     

J Borucinska  A Dunham 《Journal of fish diseases》2000,23(5):353-359

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Correction to: Individual based modelling of fish migration in a 2-D river system: model description and case study     

Snyder  Marcía N.  Schumaker  Nathan H.  Ebersole  Joseph L.  Dunham  Jason B.  Comeleo  Randy L.  Keefer  Matthew L.  Leinenbach  Peter  Brookes  Allen  Cope  Ben  Wu  Jennifer  Palmer  John  Keenan  Druscilla 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(5):1197-1197

Landscape Ecology - In the original publication of the article, the third author name has been misspelt. The correct name is given in this Correction. The original version of this article was revised.  相似文献   

Determination of altosid insect growth regulator in waters, soils, plants, and animals by gas-liquid chromatography.     

W W Miller  J S Wilkins  L L Dunham 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1975,58(1):10-18

Residues of isopropyl (2E,4E)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate (Altosid) insect growth regulator are determined in waters, soils, plants, milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, poultry and cattle tissues, blood, urine, and feces. Acetonitrile is the primary extraction solvent for all samples. Residues are extracted by high-speed blending followed by vacuum filtration. Fatty extracts are subjected to cold-temperature precipitation and filtration. Samples are cleaned up by petroleum ether partitioning and Florisil and neutral alumina chromatography. The concentrated eluants are analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) on columns of differing polarity, using hydrogen flame ionization detectors. The identity of suspected residues is confirmed by additional GLC and by mass fragmentography. The lower limits of detection were: water samples, 0.0004-0.001 ppm; soils, blood, and urine, 0.001 ppm; forage grasses, forage legumes, and rice foliage, 0.005 ppm; and milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, poultry and cattle tissues, and feces, 0.010 ppm.  相似文献   

Long‐term Effects of Pyrethrin and Cyfluthrin,a Type II Synthetic Pyrethroid,Insecticide Applications on Bull Reproductive Parameters          下载免费PDF全文

JL Stewart  CF Shipley  FA Ireland  VL Jarrell  CL Timlin  DW Shike  TL Felix 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(5):680-687

The objectives of this study were to determine effects of cyfluthrin and pyrethrin spray products, used in combination with cyfluthrin topical and ear tag applications, on bull reproductive parameters over 18 weeks. Angus or Angus x Simmental bulls were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: (i) no exposure to pyrethrins/cyfluthrin (CONT; n = 10), (ii) cyfluthrin ear tag and topical applications (ET; n = 10), or (iii) cyfluthrin ear tag, topical, premise spray and pyrethrin fog spray applications (ET+S; n = 8). Bull body weight was measured every 3 week, and body condition score and scrotal circumference were recorded on weeks 0, 9 and 18. Semen and serum were collected every 3 weeks for sperm evaluation and testosterone measurement, respectively. There was a treatment × week interaction (p < 0.01) for sperm with primary defects; bulls in CONT group had a greater (p = 0.01) percentage of sperm with primary defects than bulls treated with insecticides at week 18. Overall and progressive sperm motility, normal sperm morphology, secondary sperm defects and serum testosterone concentrations changed (p < 0.01) over time in all bulls; however, treatment did not affect (p ≥ 0.13) any of these parameters. There were also no treatment effects (p ≥ 0.08) on bull body weight, body condition score or scrotal circumference. The use of pyrethrin‐ and cyfluthrin‐based insecticides, regardless of application, did not negatively affect reproductive parameters in beef bulls when administered over 18 weeks.  相似文献   

The first reported case of equine Nocardioform placentitis in New Zealand     

DW Hanlon  AD McLachlan  I Gibson 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(3):198-199

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GROWTH SUBSTANCE DETERMINATIONS     

Granick S  Dunham HW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1938,87(2246):47-48

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Structure of the 70S ribosome complexed with mRNA and tRNA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Selmer M  Dunham CM  Murphy FV  Weixlbaumer A  Petry S  Kelley AC  Weir JR  Ramakrishnan V 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5795):1935-1942

The crystal structure of the bacterial 70S ribosome refined to 2.8 angstrom resolution reveals atomic details of its interactions with messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA). A metal ion stabilizes a kink in the mRNA that demarcates the boundary between A and P sites, which is potentially important to prevent slippage of mRNA. Metal ions also stabilize the intersubunit interface. The interactions of E-site tRNA with the 50S subunit have both similarities and differences compared to those in the archaeal ribosome. The structure also rationalizes much biochemical and genetic data on translation.  相似文献