猪主要经济性状的基因组选择研究     

彭潇  尹立林  梅全顺  王海燕  刘小磊  朱猛进  李新云  付亮亮  赵书红 《畜牧兽医学报》2019,(2):439-445

旨在系统比较GBLUP、SSGBLUP、BayesA、BayesB、BayesC、BayesLASSO、BSLMM和BayesR等8种方法对猪重要经济性状基因组选择的准确性。本研究以本实验室收集的2 585头大白猪达100kg日龄、达100kg背膘厚和母猪乳头数3个性状为分析对象,结合猪50K基因芯片分型数据,以加性模型为基础,利用5倍交叉验证比较8种方法的基因组选择准确性。研究发现,基因组选择的准确性与不同性状估计遗传力呈正相关。交叉验证结果表明,预测准确性最高的性状为达100kg日龄,但不同方法在不同性状中表现并不完全相同,在达100kg日龄和达100kg背膘厚中SSGBLUP基因组预测准确性均为最高,而在母猪乳头数中BayesA的基因组预测准确性最高。综上表明,对小样本开展基因组预测时,中、高等遗传力性状可以选择SSGBLUP方法,低等遗传力性状可以选择BayesA方法。如何优化和选择一种广泛适用于所有性状的方法,可能是未来研究的方向。  相似文献   

不同蛋白质水平日粮对中国荷斯坦奶牛生产性能、氮消化和血液生化指标的影响     

程光民  陈凤梅  伏桂华  徐相亭  胡士林  刘建胜 《畜牧与兽医》2019,(1):35-39

旨在研究饲粮不同粗蛋白质(CP)水平对中国荷斯坦奶牛乳尿素氮(MUN)、氮(N)消化及血液尿素氮(BUN)的影响。采用4×4拉丁方设计,16头经产中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4个处理。4个处理的饲粮能量相近,CP水平分别为12. 72%、13. 52%、14. 43%和15. 37%。试验分为4个周期,每个周期15 d,后5 d为样品收集期。奶样收集3 d,同时收集粪便,每期最后1 d晨饲前空腹采集血样。每天测量产奶量和干物质摄入量。结果:不同蛋白水平日粮奶牛干物质采食量(DMI)和产奶量组间差异不明显(P>0. 05),除了MUN随着饲粮CP水平的增加呈现增加趋势以外,其他乳成分影响不显著(P>0. 05),高蛋白质水平组MUN明显高于低蛋白组(P<0. 05)。随着饲粮CP水平的提高,氮的摄入量明显增加(P<0. 05),同时N的排泄量和消化率也不断增加,但组间无显著差异(P>0. 05)。BUN和MUN变化趋势基本一致,高蛋白质组的BUN明显高于低蛋白质组(P<0. 05),而对其他血液指标的影响不显著(P>0. 05)。在本试验条件下,不同蛋白质水平日粮能够影响中国荷斯坦奶牛MUN、BUN的变化,且两者变化趋势一致,而对产奶量、N消化率影响不明显,MUN可以代替BUN成为检测奶牛蛋白质营养状况的指标之一。  相似文献   

玉米‖花生茬口对冬小麦旗叶光化学活性的影响     

王飞  尹飞  龙浩强  李雪  武岩岩  焦念元  马超  付国占 《草业学报》2019,28(7):123-131

为探明玉米‖花生茬口显著提高冬小麦旗叶的光合速率和产量的光反应机理,研究了玉米‖花生茬口(间作茬口,ICR)、玉米茬口(MCR)和花生茬口(PCR)及不同施磷水平对冬小麦播前土壤含水量、冬小麦花后旗叶的气体交换参数、光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)、光系统I(PSⅠ)及二者间的性能协调性的影响。结果表明,间作茬口较玉米茬口显著提高了冬小麦播前土壤含水量及旗叶的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和PSⅡ反应中心供(Wk)/受体侧(Vj)的活性,增强了单位面积吸收的光能(ABS/CSo)、捕获的能量(TRo/CSo)和进入电子传递的光能(ETo/CSo)。间作茬口较玉米茬口显著提高了冬小麦扬花期旗叶PSⅡ初级光化学最大量子产额(φpo)、转化效率(Ψo)、电子传递效率(δRo)及乳熟期的PSⅠ的性能(ΔI/Io)、PSⅡ与PSⅠ协调性(ΦPSⅠ/PSⅡ)和籽粒产量,较花生茬口显著提高了乳熟期的φpo和δRo值。施磷提高了Pn、ABS/CSo、TRo/CSo、ETo/CSo、φpo、Ψo、δRo、ΔI/Io和ΦPSⅠ/PSⅡ值。这说明间作茬口较玉米茬口提高了冬小麦旗叶光反应中心活性,从而提高净光合速率,重要原因可能是间作茬口能保持耕层较高的土壤含水量。  相似文献   

青稞替代玉米对育肥牦牛生产性能和肉品质的影响     

苗建军  彭忠利  高彦华  郭春华  王鼎  付洋洋 《草业学报》2019,28(1):95-107

本试验旨在研究青稞替代玉米对育肥牦牛生产性能、屠宰性能、养分表观消化率及肉品质的影响。采用2×3交叉设计,以日粮类型(玉米、60%青稞+40%玉米)和不同精粗比(30∶70、40∶60和50∶50)为两因素,选取36头年龄4周岁左右、体重为(144±21.0)kg的麦洼公牦牛,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头牛。预饲期15d,正试期180d。结果表明:1)日粮类型及精粗比对牦牛生产性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)青稞-玉米组的净肉率显著高于玉米组(P<0.05),但屠宰率和眼肌面积无显著差异(P>0.05);精粗比对屠宰性能无显著影响(P>0.05);日粮类型和精粗比二因素对眼肌面积的互作影响显著(P<0.05),以青稞-玉米(40∶60)组效果最优。3)日粮类型对养分表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05);与30∶70相比,40∶60和50∶50极显著提高了有机物(OM)和总能(GE)的表观消化率(P<0.01)、显著提高了粗蛋白(CP)的表观消化率(P<0.05);日粮类型和精粗比二因素对GE、OM和粗脂肪(EE)的表观消化率有显著的互作影响(P<0.05),以玉米(40∶60)组效果最佳。4)青稞-玉米组和玉米组背最长肌亮度值(L*)、红度值(a*)、pH值均无显著差异(P>0.05),但青稞-玉米组的黄度值(b*)和滴水损失显著低于玉米组(P<0.05)、蒸煮损失极显著低于玉米组(P<0.01);随着精粗比的升高,蒸煮损失有逐渐降低的趋势(P=0.075)。5)日粮类型对背最长肌的嫩度无显著影响(P>0.05);随着精粗比的升高,剪切力逐渐减小(P>0.05),肌纤维直径有减小的趋势(P=0.059),肌纤维密度显著增加(P<0.05),肌纤维面积显著减小(P<0.05)。综上所述,以青稞替代日粮中60%的玉米能够提高育肥牦牛的屠宰性能,改善牦牛肉的品质;日粮精粗比为40∶60时饲喂效果最佳。  相似文献   

天麻4种变型（种）生长特性研究     

李晓东  李明  张羽翅  付玉平  蒙琳  敬丹  王咏梅  杨扬 《陕西农业科学》2023,69(1):16-19

在天麻收获、开花、播种生产时,对天麻4种变型(种)和安徽红杆从箭麻的花果期、生长状态、花茎、花、蒴果、前后重量变化、麻种产量等进行了观测研究,结果发现：天麻4种变型(种)每一个生长特性方面都有差异,略阳红杆子房最长、果实最重,花轴长与绿杆基本一致,属于最长,达41cm左右,其箭麻短,麻形好,蒴果分布紧密,略阳卵果花茎最短,蒴果分布稀疏,花被筒、子房最小,最轻。略阳红杆和卵果零代麻种产量最大,略阳乌杆零代麻种产量最低。  相似文献   

汉中地区猕猴桃林下仿生态建园投资效益分析     

李秀娟  王国军  程丽萍  付伟伟  熊晓军  黄辉 《陕西农业科学》2023,69(9):80-82

按照省农业农村厅猕猴桃产业发展上坚持“不与粮争田”的思路,积极探索林下仿生态猕猴桃栽培模式。对汉中地区猕猴桃林下仿生态建园搭架模式、粉碎堆沤腐熟还田、水肥一体化及轨道运输机应用等关键技术进行试验示范,并分析了猕猴桃林下仿生态建园投资效益。结果表明,猕猴桃林下仿生态建园关键技术亩投入减少近4 600多元,降低了果园生产成本,减少了人工投入,具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。  相似文献   

Embryonic tissue extracts modulate cell-fate determination in human epidermal stem cells     

SUN Xiao-yan  FU Xiao-bing  SHENG Zhi-yong  ZHANG Cui-ping  SUN Tong-zhu 《园艺学报》2008,24(5):883-887

AIM: To investigate the phenotypic changes and cell-fate determination of keratinocyte stem cells in vitro. METHODS: Improved collagen Ⅳ-coated adhesion method was used to isolate and culture the keratinocyte stem cells after neutron-protease selectively digested the dermo-epidermal junctions. Morphological features and identification of these immature cells were studied by immunochemistry and confocal microscopy analysis. After treated with extracts from 14-day-old mouse fetuses at the concentration of 10% (W/V), phenotypic changes and the cell-fate determination of keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs) were detected by flow FACS analysis and RT-PCR assays. RESULTS: Immunocytochemical analysis proved that KSCs and their subunits were positive for α₆ and β₁ integrin, keratin 19 and 14, p63, nestin and PCNA, yet negative for keratin 10 expressions. Double staining immunofluorescence demonstrated that markers such as α₆ integrin and CD71 was co-expressed in KSCs, and there were important regional differences in the distribution of α6 integrin and CD71 in KSCs and transit amplifying cells (TA cells). Meanwhile, two-color flow cytometric analysis of α₆ integrin and CD71 consistently revealed that after treated with an extract from mouse fetuses, the percent of α+6 CD71+ and CD71+ fraction increased and reached to 68.43% and 4.51% of the total isolated cells, respectively. However, the percent of α+6 CD71- fraction reduced from 22.49% to 10.92% determined by flow cytometry. Moreover, the expression levels of β₁ integrin and some putative biological markers in human epidermal cells were analyses by RT-PCR after fetus extract treatment. The relative gene expressions of β₁ integrin, K19 and K10 increased in KSCs, whereas the expression of K14 in keratinocyte stem cells was observed to be significantly suppressed when compared to the appropriate controls. CONCLUSION: The keratinocyte stem cells isolated by collagen Ⅳ-coated adhesion method have some characteristics of adult stem cells and perhaps the potentiality to differentiate and cross-differentiate. The regional differences in the distribution of α6 integrin and CD71 are one of the transition markers to discriminate the KSCs and TA cells. Furthermore, fetus extracts contribute to not only the proliferation and self-renewal of KSCs but also the dedifferentiation of TA cell subunits.  相似文献   

Effect of glycine on cardiac injury induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation in isolated rat heart     

LI Xiao-juan  LU Da-xiang  QI Ren-bin  WANG Hua-dong  FU Yong-mei  WANG Yan-ping 《园艺学报》2008,24(9):1682-1685

AIM:To observe the effects of glycine on hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R)-induced myocardial dysfunction, and to further clarify the protection of glycine (GLY) against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and its mechanism. METHODS:A cardiac H/R model was established using a Langendorff isolated heart preparation. The left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), the maximum rising and dropping rates of left ventricular pressure (dp/dtmax and dp/dtmin) were observed. The coronary effluents at different time points were collected respectively to detect the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS: The indexes of cardiac functions in H/R group were lower than those in other groups. After H/R, the indexes in GLY plus H/R group were higher than those in H/R group. Glycine inverted the effects of the decrease in SOD and the increase in MDA concentrations induced by H/R. CONCLUSION:Glycine ameliorates the cardiac functions under the condition of hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in isolated rat hearts. The mechanisms may be related to suppressing lipid peroxidation.  相似文献   

Relationship between characteristic of serum HDL subclasses distribution and apolipoproteins     

TIAN Li  YANG Lu-chuan  FU Ming-de  XU Yan-hua  JIA Lian-qun 《园艺学报》2008,24(1):184-186

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Change of β₂-adrenoceptor and its effect on stretch-induced arrhythmias in rat after myocardial infarction     

XIE Rong-sheng  FU Lu  CAO Jun-xian  DAI Ying-nan  ZHU Li-qun  HAN Ying 《园艺学报》2008,24(4):809-811

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