Virulence traits of avian pathogenic (APEC) and fecal (AFEC) <Emphasis Type="Italic">E. coli</Emphasis> isolated from broiler chickens in Algeria     

Lounis Mohamed  Zhao Ge  Li Yuehua  Gao Yubin  Kaidi Rachid  Oumouna Mustapha  Wang Junwei  Oumouna Karine 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(3):547-553

Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is the etiologic agent of avian colibacillosis, the most common disease responsible for chicken morbidity in the world. Although multiple virulence-associated factors were identified, their prevalence in Algeria is still poorly known. In the present research, 92 avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) isolates were recovered from broilers with clinical signs and lesions of colibacillosis. In addition, 32 E. coli isolates collected from feces of healthy birds (AFEC) were included for comparison. All isolates were investigated by PCR for the presence of a total of 11 virulence-associated genes described for avian pathogenic (iroN, ompT, hlyF, iss, iutA, and fimC) and diarrheagenic E. coli (eae, stx, elt/est, ipaH, and aggR). The sensitivity of 39 APEC isolates to 16 antibiotics was also determined using antimicrobial pretreated microplates. Here, we report that 98% of the examined isolates host at least one of the tested virulence factors. The most prevalent genes in APEC were iutA (90.6%), ompT (86.9%), and iss (85.8%); whereas, iutA (78.1%), fimC (78.1%), and iroN (68.7%) were the highest prevalent genes in AFEC. Our data showed that none of the AFEC isolates harbor any of the tested diarrheagenic genes. Moreover, only elt/est (5.4%), stx (2.1%), and ipaH (2.1%) genes were carried by APEC isolates. We further established that ceftazodime, ceftiofur, mequindox, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and meropenem were the most efficient antibiotics against the analyzed APEC isolates. Overall, our findings provide more insights about APEC and AFEC virulence potential in Algeria which could participate in the fight against colibacillosis.  相似文献   

Branched‐chain amino acid ratios in low‐protein diets regulate the free amino acid profile and the expression of hepatic fatty acid metabolism‐related genes in growing pigs          下载免费PDF全文

Y. H. Duan  F. N. Li  C. Y. Wen  W. L. Wang  Q. P. Guo  Y. H. Li  Y. L. Yin 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):e43-e51

Liver metabolism is affected by nutrients. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of low‐protein diets (17% crude protein, CP) supplemented with branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val), on hepatic amino acid profile and lipid metabolism in growing pigs. The ratio of Leu : Ile : Val in all groups was 1 : 0.51 : 0.63 (20% crude protein, CP), 1 : 1 : 1 (17% CP), 1 : 0.75 : 0.75 (17% CP), 1 : 0.51 : 0.63 (17% CP) and 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 (17% CP) respectively. Results revealed that compared to the positive control group (1 : 0.51 : 0.63, 20% CP), the low‐protein diets significantly augmented the concentrations of most essential amino acids and non‐essential amino acids (p < .05), with the greatest values observed in the 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 group. Moreover, relative to the control, the low‐protein diets with the Leu : Ile : Val ratio ranging from 1 : 0.75 : 0.75 to 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 markedly downregulated the mRNA abundance of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP‐4) (p < .05), and upregulated the mRNA expression of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐g coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) and liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (L‐CPT‐1) (p < .05). Therefore, our data suggest that protein‐restricted diets supplemented with optimal BCAA ratio, that is, 1 : 0.75 : 0.75–1 : 0.25 : 0.25, induce a shift from fatty acid synthesis to fatty acid oxidation in the liver of growing pigs. These effects may be associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis.  相似文献   

A comparison of two sources of methionine supplemented at different levels on heat shock protein 70 expression and oxidative stress product of Peking ducks subjected to heat stress          下载免费PDF全文

L. Guo  R. Li  Y. F. Zhang  T. Y. Qin  Q. S. Li  X. X. Li  Z. L. Qi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):e147-e154

  相似文献   

Effects of continuous low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide on inflammatory responses,milk production and milk quality in dairy cows          下载免费PDF全文

L. T. Ning  G. Z. Dong  C. Ao  D. G. Zhang  K. Erdene  F. Q. Zhang  J. Wen  T. L. Zhang 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):e262-e269

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of continuous low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on inflammatory responses and milk production and quality in lactating dairy cows. Eight Holstein cows were assigned to two treatments in a cross‐over experimental design. Cows were infused intravenously either with saline solution or with saline solution containing LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4 at a dose of 0.01 μg LPS/kg body weight for approximately 6 hr each day during a seven‐day trial. The clinical symptoms and milk production performance were observed. Milk samples were analysed for conventional components, fatty acids and amino acids. And jugular vein and mammary vein plasma samples were analysed for concentrations of cytokines and acute phase proteins. LPS infusion decreased feed intake and milk yield. An increase in body temperature was observed after LPS infusion. LPS infusion also increased plasma concentrations of interleukin‐1β, serum amyloid A, LPS‐binding protein, C‐reactive protein and haptoglobin. LPS infusion decreased the contents of some fatty acids, such as C17:1, C18:0, C18:1n9 (trans) and C18:2n6 (trans), and most amino acids except for methionine, threonine, histidine, cysteine, tyrosine and proline in the milk. The results indicated that a continued low dose infusion of LPS can induce an inflammatory response, decrease milk production and reduce milk quality.  相似文献   

Effects of concentrate‐to‐forage ratios and 2‐methylbutyrate supplementation on ruminal fermentation,bacteria abundance and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in Chinese Simmental steers          下载免费PDF全文

C. Wang  Q. Liu  G. Guo  W. J. Huo  C. X. Pei  S. L. Zhang  H. Wang 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(4):901-909

This study evaluated the effects of dietary concentrate levels and 2‐methylbutyrate (2MB ) supplementation on performance, ruminal fermentation, bacteria abundance, microbial enzyme activity and urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD ) in steers. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental steers (12 months of age; 389 ± 3.7 kg of body weight) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Moderate‐concentrate (400 g/kg diet [MC ]) or high‐concentrate (600 g/kg diet [HC ]) diets were fed with or without 2MB (0 g/day [2MB ?] or 15.0 g/day [2MB +]). Dry matter intake and average daily gain increased, but feed conversion ratio decreased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Ruminal pH decreased, but total volatile fatty acid increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Molar proportion of acetate and acetate‐to‐propionate ratio decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Propionate molar proportion and ruminal NH ₃‐N content increased with the HC diet, but decreased with 2MB supplementation. Neutral detergent fibre degradability decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Crude protein degradability increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Abundance of Ruminococcus albus , Ruminococcus flavefaciens , Fibrobacter succinogenes and Bufyrivibrio fibrisolvens as well as activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, cellobiase, xylanase and pectinase decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. However, abundance of Prevotella ruminicola and Ruminobacter amylophilus as well as activities of α‐amylase and protease increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Total PD excretion also increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. The results suggested that growth performance, ruminal fermentation, CP degradability and total PD excretion increased with increasing dietary concentrate level from 40% to 60% or 2MB supplementation. The observed diet × 2MB interaction indicated that supplementation of 2MB was more efficacious for improving growth performance, ruminal fermentation and total PD excretion with promoted ruminal bacteria abundance and enzyme activity in the MC diet than in the HC diet.  相似文献   

Based serum metabolomics analysis reveals simultaneous interconnecting changes during chicken embryonic development          下载免费PDF全文

M. L. Peng  S. N. Li  Q. Q. He  J. L. Zhao  L. L. Li  H. T. Ma 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(5):1210-1219

Metabolic disorder is a major health problem and is associated with a number of metabolic diseases. Due to native hyperglycaemia and resistance to exogenous insulin, chickens as a model had used in the studies of adipose tissue biology, metabolism and obesity. But no detailed information is available about the comprehensive changes of serum metabolites at different stages of chicken embryonic development. This study employed LC/MS‐QTOF to determine the changes of major functional metabolites at incubation day 14 (E14d), 19 (E19d) and hatching day 1 (H1d), and the associated pathways of differential metabolites during chicken embryonic development were analysed using Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis method. Results showed that 39 metabolites were significantly changed from E14d to E19d and 68 metabolites were significantly altered from E19d to H1d in chicken embryos. Protein synthesis was promoted by increasing the concentrations of L‐glutamine and threonine, and gonadal development was promoted through increasing oestrone content from E14d to E19d in chicken embryos, which indicated that serum glutamine, threonine and oestrone contents may be considered as the candidate indicators for assessment of early embryonic development. 2‐oxoglutaric acid mainly contributed to enhancing the citric cycle, and it plays an important role in improving the growth of chicken embryos at the late development; the decreasing of L‐glutamine, L‐isoleucine and L‐leucine contents from E19d to H1d in chicken embryonic development implied their possible functions as the feed additive during early posthatch period of broiler chickens to satisfy the growth. These results provided insights into understand the roles of serum metabolites at different developmental stages of chicken embryos, it also provides available information for chicken as a model to study metabolic disease or human obesity.  相似文献   

PCR鉴定沙门氏菌血清分型方法的建立与应用     

赵建梅  李月华  宋传周  赵格  曲志娜 《中国动物检疫》2018,35(1):73-77

为建立快速有效、经济适用的沙门氏菌血清型鉴定方法,利用Primer Plex软件设计畜禽中常见沙门氏菌的菌体(O)抗原和鞭毛抗原(H)的引物,优化引物比例和退火温度等反应条件,建立沙门氏菌血清型鉴定的PCR法,并对46株沙门氏菌分离株进行血清型鉴定,同时与传统玻片凝集法和美国CDC的液相芯片(Luminex-x MAP)法进行比较。优化后获得了O抗原中B、C1、D和E1群的多重PCR引物,以及鞭毛抗原H1相抗原基因(fli C)和H2相抗原基因(flj B)的2对引物;建立了一套基于沙门氏菌O和H抗原的多重PCR血清型鉴定法;PCR法和Luminex-x MAP法鉴定出7种沙门氏菌血清型,传统玻片凝集法鉴定出6种血清型;PCR法与传统玻片凝集法和Luminex-x MAP鉴定结果的符合率均为95.65%。本研究建立的PCR沙门氏菌血清型鉴定法简便、快速,预期可在沙门氏菌的血清分型研究中发挥作用。  相似文献   

肉鸡屠宰加工过程中沙门菌污染定量风险评估   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵格  刘娜  赵建梅  李月华  王娟  曲志娜  盖文燕  黄秀梅  王玉东  王君玮 《中国动物检疫》2018,35(4):26-31

为了构建肉鸡屠宰加工过程中沙门菌污染定量风险评估模型,分析鸡肉中沙门菌的消长变化规律,明确关键风险防控点,采用2015年部分肉鸡屠宰场沙门菌污染监测和调研数据,构建以烫煺后为评估过程起点,包括净膛、清洗预冷和分割传送的模块化过程风险评估模型,以不同分布描述各变量,并通过@RISK软件模拟运行。结果显示,通过构建的模型模拟屠宰加工后终端鸡肉产品中的沙门菌污染量,90%的可能分布在0~9MPN之间,而依据实际监测数据换算为5.3 MPN,说明模型可信。根据过程中各环节的模拟数据,分析了肉鸡携带的沙门菌消长变化,发现预冷后沙门菌污染总量明显下降,但分割传送后污染总量又有所回升。通过拟合的相关系数分析,明确了传送带上的沙门菌是影响终端鸡肉沙门菌污染的最关键风险点。本研究构建的肉鸡屠宰加工全过程沙门菌定量风险评估模型,可为肉鸡屠宰场沙门菌污染的卫生监管和风险管理提供理论依据。  相似文献   

内蒙古羊屠宰场致泻性大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌污染状况分析     

杨永青  姚一萍  史培  赵格  狄彩霞  莎娜  李秀萍  栗艳芳  骆洪 《中国动物检疫》2018,35(6):37-41

为了解内蒙古地区羊屠宰场各屠宰环节致泻性大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的携带情况,评估是否存在污染风险,选取不同规模屠宰场,用棉拭子法分别采集不同屠宰环节样品349份,36 h内进行试验;应用PCR方法分离鉴定病原菌,对鉴定为致泻性大肠杆菌的分离株进行16S r DNA测序并构建系统发育树。结果显示:从刚宰杀的羊胴体表面和环境中共分离到致泻性大肠杆菌12株,其中11株携带毒力基因elt,1株携带毒力基因eae和elt;大中型屠宰场(1.21%)的致泻性大肠杆菌阳性率低于小型屠宰场(5.43%),不同规模屠宰场的预冷间均未检出致泻性大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌;从屠宰环境中分离出1株携带inv A基因的沙门氏菌,阳性率为0.29%;经高压冲洗和排酸预冷等屠宰工艺后,在羊胴体表面均未发现致泻性大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌。  相似文献   

不同地区动物源致病性大肠杆菌的分子特性与表型分析     

高玉斌  赵格  邹明  王君玮 《中国动物检疫》2018,35(9):62-66

为进一步了解致病性大肠杆菌流行状况,减轻大肠杆菌对畜牧业和公共卫生的危害,对不同时间国内外报道的动物中分离的大肠杆菌,进行毒力、血清型、耐药性和基因型等方面的比较,对比分析大肠杆菌分子特性和表型差异,从而为临床医学和公共卫生控制提供指导。  相似文献