Use of the Anemon Index to evaluate the quality of analgesia during fentanyl and sevoflurane anaesthesia in pigs     

MF Martín  JM  Lima  L Luis  LJ Ezquerra†  MS Carrasco‡  J Usón-Gargallo 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):96-97

Anemon I is a new monitoring system that can be used to evaluate autonomic nervous system reactivity in real time by showing a simple, easily interpretated quantitative index (0–200), the Anemon Index (AI) ( Junke et al. 2000 ). This study used the AI to evaluate the quality of analgesia during sevoflurane and fentanyl anaesthesia in pigs. Six healthy pigs, weighing 24.76 ± 3.40 kg, were induced to anaesthesia with 5% sevoflurane (SEVO) in 5 L minute^?1 oxygen. After endotracheal intubation SEVO was given at 1 MAC (2.66%) in 3 L minute^?1 oxygen. Fentanyl was infused IV at 50 µg kg^?1 hour^?1 for the first 30 minutes of anaesthesia, discontinued for 30 minutes, and then infused at 100 µg kg^?1 hour^?1 for another 30 minutes. Three mechanical noxious stimuli (needle prick, pin‐prick and pressure on the abdomen) were applied for 15 seconds at 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The AI, ECG, invasive mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), SpO₂ by pulse oximetry, tidal volume, Fe′sevo , Fe ′CO₂ and respiratory rate were recorded before induction (baseline), after induction, after intubation and extubation, and before and during noxious stimulation at 30, 60 and 90 minutes. Recovery times were recorded. Statistically significant differences were determined by anova . Spearman rank‐correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between AI and hemodynamic variables. A p‐value of < 0.05 was considered significant. A significant (p < 0.01) decrease in AI was recorded after anaesthetic induction, from 82.3 ± 21.1 to 52.7 ± 20.3. After intubation, AI increased slightly, but not significantly, to 71.7 ± 27.1. A significant (p < 0.05) increase of AI occurred after extubation. Nociceptive stimuli did not have any measurable effect either on AI or on recorded cardiovascular variables. There was no movement, respiratory changes, or any other visible response to noxious stimulation. The AI did not change significantly with the different doses of fentanyl. Respiratory depression and apnoea were seen in all animals during the fentanyl infusion; therefore, pigs received intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Anaesthesia with sevoflurane and fentanyl resulted in a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in MAP. Heart rate did not change significantly. There was no correlation between AI and cardiovascular variables (HR and MAP). Endotracheal intubation caused an increase and extubation a greater significant increase in the AI. This suggests that intubation and extubation may represent stressful events during general anaesthesia, although further studies are needed to validate the use of the AI in pigs. Sevoflurane anesthetic induction may not prevent the sympathetic stimulus caused by endotracheal intubation in pigs, as indicated by the increased AI values.  相似文献   

GALILEO'S EXPERIMENT FROM THE LEANING TOWER     

Partridge EA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1920,52(1342):272-273

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THE EFFECT OF BIOTIN ON THE METABOLISM OF LIVER SLICES FROM BIOTINDEFICIENT RATS     

Summerson WH  Lee JM  Partridge CW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1944,100(2594):250-251

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Ambient salinity and osmoregulation,energy metabolism and growth in juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi Valenciennes 1833) in a recirculating aquaculture system          下载免费PDF全文

Ainhoa Blanco Garcia  Gavin J Partridge  Gert Flik  Jonathan A C Roques  Wout Abbink 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(11):2789-2797

The effects of salinity on plasma osmolality, branchial chloride cell density, feed consumption and conversion and growth performance of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) were evaluated. Fish (11.6 ± 0.6 g) were kept for 29 days at 14, 18, 22, 26 (experimental) and 30 g L^?1 (control) salinity in independent, pilot‐scale recirculation aquaculture systems. No differences in plasma osmolality or chloride cell numbers in gills were observed, pointing to a strong osmoregulatory capacity in the juveniles. Fish at 14, 18 and 22 g L^?1 (7.61 ± 0.19, 7.61 ± 0.01 and 7.61 ± 0.13% day^?1, respectively) had higher growth rates than fish at 26 and 30 g L^?1 (7.10 ± 0.05 and 6.97 ± 0.06% day^?1 respectively). The higher growth rate at lower salinity resulted from increased feed intake; feed conversion was not different. An evaluation of the impact of salinity on growth rate of on‐growing stages (till market size) seems warranted to assess whether the profitable effects of low salinity persist in later stages of this important aquaculture species.  相似文献   

Antigenic stability of fimbriae of Bacteroides nodosus     

LJ MOORE  AT CROWE  M NORMAN  CL KRISTO  JR EGERTON 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(6):219-223

Successful vaccination of sheep against footrot and attempts to eradicate the disease depend on there being a limit to the antigenic diversity of the causative bacterium, Bacteroides nodosus. Fimbrial antigenic variation was therefore investigated in vivo, both under conditions of chronic infection and under the pressure of a vaccine-induced immune response, to ascertain whether this represented an obstacle to such goals. Material was available from 5 experiments and although B. nodosus appeared to have undergone changes in its fimbrial antigens in one of these, the possibility that superinfection was responsible for the variation detected could not be ruled out because all sheep in this case were maintained at pasture. Overall, the results provided no evidence of fimbrial antigenic shift in B. nodosus in vivo and in conclusion, the survival of the organism in the sheep's foot, both in long-term natural infection and following vaccination, must therefore be related to factors other than the ability to undergo antigenic variation in order to evade the host's immune response.  相似文献   

Logos for the RCVS Practice Standards Scheme     

Partridge B 《The Veterinary record》2005,156(17):555

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Melanocortin-4 receptor in sheep: a potential site for therapeutic intervention in disease models     

Sartin JL  Wagner CG  Marks DL  Daniel JA  McMahon CD  Obese FY  Partridge C 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2005,29(2):446-455

Reduced appetite combined with increased metabolic rate and decreased lean body mass is a major consequence of disease and other stressors. Studies in rodent species suggest that an understanding of appetite regulation may provide methodologies for intervention to prevent the deterioration of body mass such as observed with cancer or infectious diseases. For example, melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) antagonists have shown a remarkable ability to reverse or prevent cachexia in rodents with sarcoma or treated with endotoxin. Studies in sheep have indicated that a number of peptide neurotransmitters may have a role in regulating appetite in this species. For example, agouti related protein mRNA and protein levels are dramatically altered with fasting in sheep. Moreover, agouti related protein, neuropeptide Y, melanin concentrating hormone and orexin are potent stimuli to increase feed intake in sheep. Recent studies have indicated that one of these neurotransmitters, NPY, can work in principal to improve appetite in endotoxin-treated sheep. Current studies are examining the role that MC4-R antagonists may have in the prevention or correction of body mass wasting diseases as well as practical applications in animal production.  相似文献   

Veterinary hospital or animal hospital?     

Partridge B 《The Veterinary record》2004,154(11):342

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Cell-mediated immunity in calves experimentally infected with BHV-1     

G A Brown  L Partridge  H J Field 《The Veterinary record》1990,127(18):454-455

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Genetic comparison of ovine and bovine pestiviruses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C L Kelling  J E Kennedy  L C Stine  K K Rump  P S Paul  J E Partridge 《American journal of veterinary research》1990,51(12):2019-2024

Viral RNA oligonucleotide fingerprinting was used to compare genetic relationship among pestiviruses originating from ovine or bovine host species. Ovine pestiviruses, including reference border disease virus and 2 border disease isolates originating from natural pestivirus infections of sheep, appeared to have a more distant genetic relationship among themselves than with certain bovine pestiviruses. A closer genetic relatedness was evident between border disease virus and 3 noncytopathic bovine pestiviruses, including Draper bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a BVDV isolate that originated from aborted bovine fetuses, and a virus that was isolated from the serum of a calf that had a chronic BVDV infection. Four noncytopathic bovine viruses, including Draper BVDV and 3 field isolates, were closely related. Reference Oregon C24V BVDV, a cytopathic virus, was closely related to only 1 of the 7 noncytopathic viruses in this study.  相似文献