Effects of Dietary Digestible Protein and Energy Levels on Growth Performance,Feed Utilization,and Body Composition of Juvenile Permit,Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus, 1758)          下载免费PDF全文

Huy Quang Nguyen  Thiet Chi Chu  Thuy Thi Le Nguyen  Ivar Lund 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(5):943-952

A 9‐wk study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary protein and energy on growth performance of juvenile permit, Trachinotus falcatus, growing from approximately 30 to 150 g. Nine experimental diets were formulated to contain three levels of crude protein (400, 450, and 500 g/kg dry matter [DM]); and three levels of crude lipid (100, 200, and 300 g/kg DM) in a 3 × 3 factorial design. Growth rate and feed efficiency were significantly improved with increasing dietary protein levels from 400 to 500 g/kg and with dietary lipid levels from 100 to 200 g/kg. Fish body protein content was positively correlated with dietary ratio of digestible protein (DP) to digestible energy (DE) (P < 0.01, R² = 0.83), while body lipid was negatively correlated with dietary DP/DE (R² = 0.55, P < 0.05) but positively correlated with dietary DE levels (R² = 0.66, P < 0.01). Results showed a protein‐sparing effect, as protein retention was significantly increased by increasing dietary lipid level. In conclusion, the diet containing DP of 392.7 g/kg and DE of 18.8 MJ/kg (DM), corresponding to a DP/DE of 20.9 g/MJ, is suggested as an optimal feed for growth and feed efficiency in juvenile permit.  相似文献   

潜流湿地技术在高密度养殖尾水处理中的应用     

朱晓荣  沈全华  褚秋芬  孟祥雨  王红卫  曹卢  宋学宏 《水产养殖》2012,33(10):17-23

构建"潜流湿地+生物净化"的湿地生态系统,并以纯生物净化系统作为对照区,研究其对池塘高密度养殖尾水中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、悬浮物总颗粒(SS)指标的去除效果,并对试验区与对照区内的产量与效益进行分析。结果表明:构建湿地生态系统后,区域内养殖面积有所减少,但产量与效益却有所提高。试验区的净化面积占整个养殖系统的7.9%,远远小于对照区的净化面积占比18.8%。对TN、TP、CODMn的去除率分别为80.8%～90.9%、78.95%～88.18%和23.20%～27.24%,对照区对相应指标的去除率分别为70.8%～88.7%、76.09%～87.14%和15.38%～25.08%,试验区的去除效率略高于对照区。至2011年,试验区与对照区的池塘生产各类水产品产量分别比2009年增长24.8%与19.2%、销售收入分别增长了26.4%与14.8%、利润分别增加了35.2%与18.64%。试验区产量与效益明显好于对照区。因此,潜流湿地方式净化水质节省了土地资源,提高了鱼池利用率及养殖效益,与纯生物净化相比具有明显的优越性。  相似文献   

Apparent digestibility coefficients of selected protein feed ingredients for loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus          下载免费PDF全文

Z.J. Chu  D.H. Yu  Y.C. Yuan  Y. Qiao  W.J. Cai  H. Shu  Y.C. Lin 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2015,21(4):425-432

Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, lipid and energy, and amino acids availability in white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal, fermented soybean meal, soybean meal and rapeseed meal were determined for loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) (12.05 ± 0.21 g), using a reference diet with 5 g kg^?1 chromic oxide and test diets that contained 700 g kg^?1 reference diet, by weight, and 300 g kg^?1 of the test feed ingredients. The juvenile loach was held in 300‐l tanks at a density of 30 fish per tank. White fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal and fermented soybean meal had highest apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy among ingredients tested, ranged from 50.4% to 60.9% for dry matter, from 64.6% to 88.4% for crude protein and from 57.9% to 79.0% for gross energy. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter ranged from 61.0% to 66.9% for animal products and 50.4% to 60.7% for plant products. For crude protein, apparent digestibility coefficients of protein exceeding 80% were observed for white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal and fermented soybean meal, and the apparent digestibility coefficients of protein in rapeseed meal were the lowest among all the treatments. Lipids from both animal and plant feedstuffs were poorly digested by loach, ranging from 64.0% to 77.6%. The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy were similar to those of dry matter and protein, and the highest and lowest ADCs of energy were found in WFM and RM, respectively. The loach used dietary phosphorus from the animal feedstuffs more efficiently than from plant feedstuffs (soybean meal and rapeseed meal), with ADC‐values ranging from 42.3% to 53.1% and from 25.1% to 32.7%, respectively. For the animal products, the availabilities of amino acids in white fish meal and brown fish meal were higher than that in meat meal, expect for Met, Asp, Pro, Gly, and Cys. Among all the plant products, the availabilities of amino acids in fermented soybean meal were higher than in soybean meal and rapeseed meal, and thus had a greater potential to be used as a dietary replacement of fish meal in loach diets.  相似文献   

大弹涂鱼血细胞发生的研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14       下载免费PDF全文

李长玲  曹伏君  刘楚吾  师尚丽 《中国水产科学》2001,8(1):10-14

通过对大鲜涂鱼血液、肾脏、脾脏组织涂片的观察，发现其肾脏、脾脏内白细胞的发育大致经过了3个阶段，即原始阶段、幼稚阶段、成熟阶段。造血母细胞从造血器官释放入外周血中有一成熟过程。着重描述了大弹涂鱼的红细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞发生过程中各阶段细胞的形态特征。  相似文献   

“六五”至“十二五”期间我国棉花品种纤维品质评价分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

唐淑荣  金石桥  付小琼  褚平  孟俊婷  侯爱玲  韦京艳  魏守军  杨伟华 《中国棉花》2015,42(9):18-24

对"六五"至"十二五"期间国家棉花区域试验参试品种纤维品质进行了总结和分析,结果表明,我国棉花品种的综合纤维品质总体趋势是稳步改良,逐年提升。黄河流域棉区品种的纤维长度和断裂比强度呈优化发展趋势;长江流域棉区品种纤维长度、断裂比强度和纺纱均匀性指数呈优化发展趋势;西北内陆棉区品种纤维品质总体表现有上升趋势,但近5年来纤维品质表现略有下降趋势。  相似文献   

竖壁贴附送风改善冷藏库内流场特性     

白通通  南晓红  金宝红  初正鹏 《农业工程学报》2019,35(20):331-337

果蔬贮藏期间,冷藏库内的气流分布是影响果蔬贮藏品质和送风能量利用率的关键因素,合理的气流组织对冷藏库内流场分布是至关重要的。该研究以某苹果冷藏库为研究对象,采用竖壁贴附送风方式,并对其流场建立了三维稳态的SST湍流模型来研究库内流场的分布特性以及货物的冷却效果,同时与传统的冷风机直吹送风的流场特性进行了对比。结果表明：在相同送风量下,相比冷风机直吹送风方式,竖壁贴附送风使得库内温度不均匀系数和速度不均匀系数分别降低了31%和47%。而且竖壁贴附送风使库内空气与货物的换热更加充分,进而使得送风的能量利用率提高了19%。因此,竖壁贴附送风方式应用于冷藏库是一种有效且节能的气流组织方式。  相似文献   

穴盘苗吹叶补苗机构设计与试验     

黎波  辜松  谢忠坚  初麒  姜德龙 《农业工程学报》2021,37(3):1-8

针对叶片遮挡穴盘苗空穴机械补苗作业时存在损伤待补空穴周围穴盘苗叶片的问题,该研究提出一种使用射流气管吹开遮挡叶片进行机械补苗的吹叶补苗方法。作业时,射流气管内通高压气流,由待补空穴底端渗水孔向上移动,吹开遮挡叶片,到达穴盘苗叶片顶部后,补苗机械手夹持待补苗使基质块底部靠近射流气管顶端,并与射流气管同步下移完成补苗作业。吹叶机构射流气管内径5 mm,顶端封闭,靠近顶端的水平截面均布开设8个直径1.2 mm的射流孔。搭建由吹叶机构与挂接于Denso机械手臂的补苗机械手组成的试验装置,对72穴穴盘培育的红掌、白掌、芥蓝、菜心、白菜和生菜6种不同叶片遮挡程度的穴盘苗进行单穴吹叶补苗性能试验。结果表明,吹叶机构与补苗机械手协同作业的补苗成功率与穴盘苗初始叶片遮挡率(穴盘待补空穴被相邻穴盘苗叶片遮挡的面积与穴孔面积的比值)、遮挡叶片倾角和射流气管压力有关。在射流气管射流孔数为8,射流孔直径1.2 mm条件下,射流气管压力为0.28 MPa时,初始叶片遮挡率59.4%的红掌穴盘苗的补苗成功率可达92%;射流气管压力为0.22 MPa时,初始叶片遮挡率56.2%的白掌穴盘苗的补苗成功率可达94%;射流气管压力为0.22～0.31 MPa时,初始叶片遮挡率35.4%的芥蓝穴盘苗的补苗成功率均可达90%;射流气管压力为0.16～0.31 MPa时,初始叶片遮挡率29.7%～35.8%的菜心、白菜和生菜穴盘苗的补苗成功率均可达90%。研究结果可为叶片遮挡穴盘苗空穴的机械补苗设备开发提供技术参考。  相似文献   

四川省土壤温度状况空间分布特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

翁倩  袁大刚  李启权  王昌全  张楚  宋易高  付宏阳  陈剑科 《土壤通报》2017,(3):583-588

土壤温度状况(STR)在现代土壤系统分类中是确定土壤分类单元的重要诊断特性。利用四川省160个气象站点的多年年均和月均地面气候资料与数字高程模型数据,分析不同气象因子与地形因素对土壤温度(土温)的影响,然后以显著影响的因子为辅助变量,采用回归克里格法预测四川省STR的空间分布,依据中国土壤系统分类高级与基层分类划分标准中有关STR的定量诊断指标,对四川省STR及其空间分布特征进行分析。结果表明,气温、经度、纬度与海拔对土温有显著影响,在高级分类划分标准下,四川省STR以热性、温性、寒性为主,部分区域为永冻、冷性、高热;在基层分类划分标准下,四川省STR以热性、温性、冷性为主,部分地区为高寒性、近寒性、亚寒性、高热性。四川省STR分析为四川土壤系统分类与土壤资源的合理利用提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

土壤增氧方式对其氮素转化和水稻氮素利用及产量的影响   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7  

胡继杰  朱练峰  胡志华  钟楚  林育炯  张均华  曹小闯  Allen Bohr James  禹盛苗  金千瑜 《农业工程学报》2017,33(1):167-174

以3种不同生态型水稻品种中浙优1号(水稻)、IR45765-3B(深水稻)和中旱221(旱稻)为材料,比较研究了不同增氧方式(T1-增施过氧化钙、T2-微纳气泡水增氧灌溉、T3-表土湿润灌溉和CK-淹水对照)下稻田土壤氮素转化和水稻氮素吸收利用特性。结果表明:1)增氧处理明显改善土壤氧化还原状况,3种增氧方式下土壤氧化还原电位均高于CK。稻田增氧促进土壤氮素硝化,在分蘖期和齐穗期T1、T2和T3的土壤硝化强度和脲酶活性均显著高于CK,反硝化强度显著低于CK。2)不同增氧处理对水稻氮素吸收的影响不同,在拔节期、齐穗期和完熟期3品种的植株氮素积累量均表现为T1、T2显著高于CK,而T3显著低于CK;在完熟期,T1处理下中浙优1号、IR45765-3B和中旱221植株氮素积累量分别较CK增加了21.2%、13.2%和17.0%,而T2处理下3品种的植株氮素积累量分别较CK增加了14.3%、6.9%和9.1%。3)与CK相比,T1和T2显著提高水稻籽粒产量和收获指数,氮素籽粒生产效率与CK无显著差异,而T3显著增加水稻氮素干物质生产效率和氮素籽粒生产效率。可见,施用过氧化钙和微纳气泡水增氧灌溉能有效改善稻田土壤氧化还原状况,不仅显著提高水稻产量,而且显著增强稻田氮的硝化而减少氮素损失,从而提高水稻氮素积累量和氮素收获指数。  相似文献   

苜蓿花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因在白三叶中的表达及转基因植株的抗病性分析     

赵桂琴  慕平  Paul Chu 《农业生物技术学报》2005,13(2):230-234

以白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)的两个品种Irrigation和Huia的子叶为转化体，用根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法将外源的苜蓿花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因转入白三叶，经过筛选、分化和再生，得到了具有卡拉霉素抗性的再生植株。对这些植株进行PCR、Southern和Northern分析，结果表明，外源目的基因已经整合到白三叶基因组中并且得到了表达。对Northern分析呈阳性的植株进行了抗病性检测，证明表达苜蓿花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因的植株病症减轻，发病率、病情指数及病毒积累量都明显低于对照，有的甚至不表现症状，达到了免疫的程度。  相似文献