Potential effects of RNA interference of Asian longhorned beetle on its parasitoid     

Xingeng Wang  Jessica Faucher  Ramesh Kumar Dhandapani  Jian J. Duan  Subba Reddy Palli 《Pest management science》2023,79(4):1557-1565

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Productivity impacts of the system of rice intensification (SRI): A case study in West Bengal,India     

Shekhar Kumar Sinha  Jayesh Talati 《Agricultural Water Management》2007

The system of rice intensification (SRI) has generated considerable debate globally, particularly with regard to its potential to raise rice yields. Proponents of SRI have reported that the average rice yield with SRI is double the current average yield and can be increased to the level of three to four times. Opponents say the reported high yields are due to measurement error and that usual information expected in support of these fantastic yields is missing. The number of SRI adopters has increased in India in recent years. We evaluate the impact of adoption of SRI practices on rice yields, the economics of paddy cultivation and labour inputs based on field research conducted in Purulia, West Bengal, India. Paddy yields with SRI were higher than those under conventional paddy cultivation by 32% and net returns were higher by 67%. Labour input was reduced by 8%. SRI adoption enabled farmers consistently to enhance paddy yields, increase returns and save labour; and enhance productivity with respect to the key inputs in terms of paddy output per unit of seed, fertilizer and labour-day. SRI promises to be a significant alternative for not only raising paddy yields, but also for managing paddy based farming in resource-starved regions.  相似文献   

Biosorption of Zn (II) onto the Surface of Non-living Biomasses: A Comparative Study of Adsorbent Particle Size and Removal Capacity of Three Different Biomasses     

Vishal Mishra  Chandrajit Balomajumder  Vijay Kumar Agarwal 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,209(1-4):489-500

Present research has delineated the biosorption potential of three different nonliving biomasses namely eucalyptus bark saw dust, mango bark saw dust, and pineapple fruit peel with respect to Zn (II) ion removal from liquid phase through batch experiments. The efficacy of Zn (II) ion biosorption onto surface of biosorbents was judged and correlated with biosorbent particle size, surface chemistry, and surface texture. Maximum metal ion uptake capacity, percentage removal, and minimum equilibrium concentration as 1.688 mg/g, 84.4%, and 1.56 mg/l, respectively, was obtained using eucalyptus bark saw dust mediated biosorption followed by mango bark saw dust as 1.028 mg/g, 51.4%, and 4.867 mg/l and pineapple fruit peel as 0.45 mg/g, 22.9%, and 7.71 mg/l, respectively, at a particle size of 0.5 mm. Additionally, present investigation also proved that biosorption efficiency and metal ion interaction with adsorbent surface also depends upon presence of functional groups involved in metal ion adsorption and surface porosity.  相似文献   

Yield components,light interception and marker compound accumulation of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) affected by planting material and plant density under western Himalayan conditions     

Rakesh Kumar  Saurabh Sharma  Swati Sood 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(12):1731-1745

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of planting material and plant density on stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) under western Himalayan conditions during 2011 and 2012. The experiment conducted in a split plot design consisted of two types of planting material (rooted slips and fresh seedlings) in the main plot and five inter- and intra-row spacing in subplots with three replications. Yield attributes and dry leaf biomass yield of stevia were not affected by the type of planting material; however, plant density significantly influenced the yield attributes and leaf and stem dry biomass. Although the wider spacing (60 × 45 cm) gave more leaves, higher leaf area index, higher leaf dry mass per plant as compared to closer spacing, it resulted in lower values of these attributes per unit area. Plants spaced in 30 × 30 cm accumulated 41.2% and 42.8% more total biomass than 60 × 45 cm. Steviol glycoside content did not change due to different planting materials and plant densities; however, closer plant spacing (30 × 30 cm) recorded 114.8% and 70.0% higher steviol glycoside accumulation compared to wider row spacing (60 × 45 cm) in 2011 and 2012, respectively.  相似文献   

Response of strawberry to organic versus inorganic fertilizers     

Shailendra Kumar Yadav  U. U. Khokhar  Som Dev Sharma  Pramod Kumar 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(2):194-203

The aim of this research was designed in order to optimize integrated plant nutrient supply (IPNS) through balanced fertilization of organic, inorganic and microbial inoculants in strawberry cv. Chandler. The potential efficiency of bio-organics used along with chemical fertilizers on cropping behaviour, physical-chemical and biological properties of rhizosphere soil, fruit yield, quality attributes and leaf nutrient content was investigated. The significant improvement in physico-chemical properties of the soil and nutrient uptake was recorded. The uninoculated control received farmyard manure (FYM) and inorganic nitrogen (N) recorded the highest cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil organic carbon (OC) content. Highest available N and phosphorus (P) of soil were recorded in vermicompost and inorganic N applied in two and one split, respectively. The concentration of micronutrients cations viz., iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) in soil was higher in treatment received vermicompost and inorganic N in two splits. The integration of bio-organic nutrient supplements also significantly enriched the microbial status of the rhizosphere soil, leaf nutrient concentration and maintained soil health and productivity on long term basis for sustainable fruit production.  相似文献   

Composts Vary in Their Effect on Soil P Pools and P Uptake by Wheat     

Suman Lata Verma  Chris Penfold 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(4):459-468

With diminishing world reserves of phosphorus (P) deposits and rising fertilizer prices, it is important to find alternate sources of P for crops. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of four different composts C1 (animal manure and straw), C2 (garden waste), C3 (wood chips and bark), and C4 (kitchen waste) on soil P pools and P uptake by wheat on 14, 28, and 72 days after compost application. The composts were applied as a 2.5 cm thick layer on the soil surface. During sampling, only the soil underlying compost was sampled. Soil pH and total organic carbon were not affected by the amendments. Soil respiration was significantly higher in compost-amended soils compared with the unamended soil except with C4 on day 72. Addition of composts increased plant growth, and P uptake being highest on day 72 with C1 and C4. With little effect on available P concentration on day 14, there was a conversion of organic P into inorganic P in the compost treatments suggesting net mineralization of organic P on day 28. On day 72, the concentrations of the less labile P forms were higher in the compost treatments compared with the unamended suggesting precipitation and fixation as well as synthesis of organic P. This study showed that mulching with composts having high available and total P concentrations can provide plants with P and also increase soil P concentrations which could reduce the fertilizer requirement for the following crop.  相似文献   

Fijian adolescents’ understanding and evaluation of climate change: Implications for enabling effective future adaptation          下载免费PDF全文

Bridie Scott‐Parker  Roselyn Kumar 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2018,59(1):47-59

Pacific Island countries are particularly vulnerable to future manifestations of climate change due to high coastline‐to‐land‐area ratios, and high dependence of inhabitants on natural ecosystems. While everyone in the Pacific Islands should participate in climate change adaptation activities, it is the young people, given they are the generation likely to not only bear the burden of climate change, but to lead and live effective climate change adaptation activities and strategies specific to their region, the involvement of youth is critical. Pacific Island youths are often marginalised within traditional decision‐making hierarchies, therefore they are typically excluded from participating in meaningful discussions at community and government levels. Discussions were held with 30 adolescents aged 14–18 years in Fiji to explore knowledge and experiences regarding climate change. Participants revealed their dismay at their inability to talk to family – who they consider are not doing enough – about what they consider as appropriate responses to climate change, recommending the help of an authoritative outsider who could speak to their community leaders and family. Discussions also revealed that Fijian youth could not distinguish between changes in the climate and normal weather events, attesting to the importance of climate‐change education and awareness‐raising efforts within the Pacific Islands more generally.  相似文献   

Potential,constraints and applications of in vitro methods in improving grain legumes          下载免费PDF全文

Aditya Pratap  Umashanker Prajapati  Chandra Mohan Singh  Sanjeev Gupta  Meenal Rathore  Nupur Malviya  Rakhi Tomar  Ajeet Kumar Gupta  Swapnila Tripathi  Narendra Pratap Singh 《Plant Breeding》2018,137(3):235-249

Grain legumes, the important constituents of sustainability‐based cropping systems and energy‐limited vegetarian diets have long been the subject of scientific research. Tremendous technological strides were made in the so‐called orphan crops, in terms of both varietal improvement and generation of basic information. Despite recalcitrancy and high genotype dependency, in vitro culture techniques such as organogenesis, in vitro mutagenesis, embryo rescue and in vitro gene transfer have been deployed for improvement of several grain legumes and these played an important role in introgression of desirable genes from related and distant species and creation of additional genetic variability. Stable and reproducible regeneration protocols resulted in the development of genetically modified chickpea, pigeon pea, cowpea, mungbean, etc., while embryo rescue was deployed successfully for recovery of interspecific recombinants, a few of them exploited for the development of commercial cultivars. Nevertheless, doubled haploidy witnessed limited success and protoplast regeneration and in vitro mutagenesis remained of academic interest. The present review focuses on the progress, achievements, constraints and perspectives of using in vitro technology in grain legume improvement.  相似文献   

Cryopreservation of silver barb Puntius gonionotus (Bleeker) spermatozoa: effect of extender composition,cryoprotective agents and freezing rate on their postthawing fertilization ability     

Padmanav Routray  Surjya Narayan Dash  Chidananda Dash  Priyabrat Swain  Sampad Kumar Sarkar  Niranjan Sarangi 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(15):1597-1605

The effects of extender composition, cryoprotectant concentration and freezing and thawing on the fertilization efficiency of cryopreserved spermatozoa of Puntius gonionotus were evaluated. Computer‐aided motility analysis of semen was conducted to check the suitability of spermatozoa for cryopreservation after mixing with different extenders and cryoprotective agents (CPAs). Extender‐4 with an osmolality 260 mOsmol kg⁻¹and pH 7.6 was used for the cryopreservation study. Among the CPAs, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was least toxic and more than 60% fertilization was achieved when used at 1.4 M at 0 °C for 10 and 30 min, whereas the toxicity of all CPAs to spermatozoa was evident when tested at 30 °C. Semen frozen at −16 °C min⁻¹ with 1.4 M DMSO showed 70% fertilization, which was significantly higher (P<0.05) than other freezing rates. Samples thawed at 35 °C water showed a fertilization rate comparable with that of fresh semen. Computer‐assisted semen analysis of fresh and frozen semen after thawing showed variations in different types of motility in spermatozoa and in their class. There was no significant difference in motility before or after cryopreservation; however, significant differences could be observed in the average path velocity (VAP), straight line velocity (VSL) and curve linear velocity (VCL). Semen of silver barb could be cryopreserved with extender‐4 by addition of 1.4 M DMSO to a final cryopreservation medium (MED 2) cooled at a rate of −16 °C min⁻¹, stored in liquid nitrogen (−196 °C) and utilized after thawing at 35±2 °C.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary Curcuma longa on enzymatic and immunological profiles of rohu,Labeo rohita (Ham.), infected with Aeromonas hydrophila     

Swagatika Sahu  Basanta Kumar Das  Bibhudendu Kumar Mishra  Jyotirmayee Pradhan  Surya Kanta Samal  Niranjan Sarangi 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(16):1720-1730

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary dosages of turmeric that enhance immune response and disease resistance against the opportunistic pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Hence, four different dosages of turmeric at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 g kg^?1 feed were given to the fingerlings of L. rohita for 60 days at 4% body weight. At every 20‐day interval, different biochemical, haematological, enzymatic and immunological parameters of fish were evaluated. After 60 days, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila. The mortality (%) was recorded on the tenth day post challenge. Most of the immune parameters including lysozyme activity, superoxide anion production and serum bactericidal activity were significantly (P<0.05) higher on 60 days of feeding of 1.0 g of turmeric per kg of feed. Challenge study indicated 100% and 89% survivability in the group of fish fed with 5.0 and 1.0 g of turmeric per kg of feed respectively. Feeding of turmeric might have maintained long‐term protection in fish by elevating the nonspecific immune system such as Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), lysozyme and serum bactericidal activity. The result showed that turmeric at a dose of 1.0 g kg^?1 feed for 60 days provided the greatest protection to pathogen challenge.  相似文献