Use of resistant ACCase mutants to screen for novel inhibitors against resistant and susceptible forms of ACCase from grass weeds     

Shukla A  Nycholat C  Subramanian MV  Anderson RJ  Devine MD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(16):5144-5150

The aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid (AOPP) and cyclohexanedione (CHD) herbicides inhibit the first committed enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis, acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase). The frequent use of AOPP and CHD herbicides has resulted in the development of resistance to these herbicides in many grass weed species. New herbicides that inhibit both the susceptible and resistant forms of ACCase in grass weeds would have obvious commercial appeal. In the present study, an attempt was made to identify molecules that target both the herbicide-sensitive and -resistant forms of ACCase. Seven experimental compounds, either CHD-like or AOPP-CHD hybrids, were synthesized and assayed against previously characterized susceptible and resistant forms of ACCase. All seven compounds inhibited ACCase from sensitive biotypes of Setaria viridis and Eleusine indica (I50 values from 6.4 to >100 microM) but were not particularly potent compared to some commercialized herbicides (I50 values of 0.08-5.6 microM). In almost all cases, the I50 values for each compound assayed against the resistant ACCases were higher than those against the corresponding sensitive ACCase, indicating reduced binding to the resistant ACCases. One compound, a CHD analogue, was almost equally effective against the resistant and susceptible ACCases, although it was not a very potent ACCase inhibitor per se (I50 of 51 and 76 microM against susceptible ACCase from S. viridis and E. indica, respectively). The AOPP-CHD hybrid molecules also inhibited some of the resistant ACCases, with I50 values ranging from 6.4 to 50 microM. These compounds may be good leads for developing ACCase inhibitors that target a wider range of ACCase isoforms, including those found in AOPP- and CHD-resistant weed biotypes.  相似文献   

Studies on the effect of dry Sundakai (solanum torvum) powder supplementation on lipid profile,glycated proteins and amino acids in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients     

Uma M. Iyer  Nivedita C. Mehta  Indrani Mani  Uliyar V. Mani 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1992,42(2):175-182

The effect of dry Sundakai powder supplementation (7 g providing 1.23 g of crude fibre) on glycemic control, lipidemic control, total amino acids and uronic acid was studied on 30 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients. All the patients were on hypoglycemic drugs. The above parameters were monitored at day 1, 15 and 30 days. After one month of fibre supplementation, no significant changes were observed with respect to glucose, lipid profile, glycated proteins, total amino acids and uronic acid levels in these subjects.  相似文献   

Paclitaxel delivery from cobalt-chromium alloy surfaces using self-assembled monolayers     

Mani G  Torres N  Oh S 《Biointerphases》2011,6(2):33-42

Polymer-based platforms in drug-eluting stents (DESs) can cause adverse reactions in patients. Hence, the development of a polymer-free drug delivery platform may reduce adverse reactions to DES. In this study, the use of a polymer-free platform, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), is explored for delivering an antiproliferative drug [paclitaxel (PAT)] from a stent material [cobalt-chromium ((Co-Cr) alloy]. Initially, carboxylic acid terminated phosphonic acid SAMs were coated on Co-Cr alloy. Two different doses (25 and 100 μg/cm2) of PAT were coated on SAM coated Co-Cr surfaces using a microdrop deposition method. Also, control experiments were carried out to coat PAT directly on Co-Cr surfaces with no SAM modification. The PAT coated specimens were characterized using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). FTIR spectra showed the successful deposition of PAT on SAM coated and control-Co-Cr surfaces. SEM images showed islands of high density PAT crystals on SAM coated surfaces, while low density PAT crystals were observed on control-Co-Cr alloy. AFM images showed molecular distribution of PAT on SAM coated as well as control-Co-Cr alloy surfaces. In vitro drug release studies showed that PAT was released from SAM coated Co-Cr surfaces in a biphasic manner (an initial burst release in first 7 days was followed by a slow release for up to 35 days), while the PAT was burst released from control-Co-Cr surfaces within 1-3 days. Thus, this study demonstrated the use of SAMs for delivering PAT from Co-Cr alloy surfaces for potential use in drug-eluting stents.  相似文献   

Effect of colocasia leaves (Colocasia antiquorum) on serum and tissue lipids in cholesterol-fed rats     

U. V. Mani  M. Sharma  K. Waghray  U. Iyer  I. Mani 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1989,39(3):245-255

Dried colocasia powder (10% and 20%) was fed to hypercholesterolemic rats for a period of one month to explore the effect on serum lipids and tissue lipids. The results indicated that there was a significant increase in total lipids, total cholesterol, and triglycerides levels in the cholesterol fed rats. Liver cholesterol showed a slight reduction which was non-significant, while an increase in liver triglyceride was observed in rats fed with 10% and 20% colocasia leaves diet with or without cholesterol. All these observations indicate an aggravating effect of colocasia leaves on serum and tissue lipids in cholesterol-fed rats.  相似文献   

Studies on the effect of curry leaves supplementation (Murraya koenigi) on lipid profile,glycated proteins and amino acids in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients     

U. M. Iyer  U. V. Mani 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1990,40(4):275-282

Curry leaves powder supplementation (12 g providing 2.5 g fibre) was carried out for a period of 1 month in 30 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients. The parameters monitored at 1, 15 and 30 days were fasting and 2 h post-prandial blood sugar levels, serum total cholesterol and its lipoprotein fractions, triglycerides, total amino acids, uronic acid, glycosylated serum proteins and glysocylated low density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction. The results indicated a transient reduction in fasting and post-prandial blood sugar levels at 15-day period with no appreciable changes in serum glycosylated protein levels, glycosylated low density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction, serum lipids, lipoprotein cholesterol levels, uronic acid and total amino acids were observed during the supplementation period, i.e. either at 15 days or 30 days.  相似文献   

Toxicity of some insecticides to Apanteles plutellae a parasite of the diamond back moth∗     

M. Mani  A. Krishnamoorthy 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(2):130-132

Abstract

The susceptibility of adults and cocooned stages of Apanteles plutellae Kurdj. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) to four synthetic pyrethroid insecticides and five other chemical insecticides was tested. The chemicals, formulated as emulsifiable concentrates, were decamethrin (0.0014%), permethrin (0.01%), fenvalerate (0.01%), cypermethrin (0.005%), dichlorvos (0.05%), monocrotophos (0.05%), endosulfan (0.05%), phosalone (0.05%) and quinalphos (0.05%). Adults were exposed for 6 h to filter paper impregnated with insecticide solution and were then transferred to untreated vials for observation. Cocoons were sprayed with the chemicals by means of a glass atomiser and held for adult emergence. The pyrethroid formulations and phosalone had little or no harmful effect on the adults and cocooned stages of A. plutellae but quinalphos was highly toxic to all stages tested. Dichlorvos, monocrotophos and endosulfan were highly toxic to adults but relatively safe for the cocooned stages.  相似文献   

Rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae employs inducible hrp-dependent XopF type III effector protein for its growth,pathogenicity and for suppression of PTI response to induce blight disease     

Kalyan K. Mondal  Geeta Verma  Manju  Alim Junaid  Chandra Mani 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,144(2):311-323

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Effect of chemical and physical treatments on the inactivation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus and extra small virus          下载免费PDF全文

Mani Ravi  A Sait Sahul Hameed 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(4):1231-1237

White tail disease (WTD) is found to cause immense economic losses in hatcheries, with mortalities often reaching 100% within 4 or 5 days. The pathogenic agents have been identified as Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) associated with extra small virus (XSV), which are 27 and 15 nm in diameter respectively. The effects of some chemical disinfectants hydrogen ions (pH), heat and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the inactivation of MrNV and XSV were investigated. The viral inoculum exposed to UV irradiation for a period of 5 min and more was totally inactivated and failed to cause mortality in postlarvae of prawn. The viruses were totally inactivated by this high pH (8.5, 9 and 10). The viral suspension treated with sodium hypochloride, formalin, Benzalkonium chloride and Benzethonium chloride at the concentration of 200 ppm caused 100% mortality in postlarvae of prawn. Iodine was found to be effective to inactivate MrNV and XSV at the concentration of 100 ppm or more, whereas the viral suspension treated with iodine at the concentration of 50 ppm or less caused mortality in postlarvae. The infected postlarvae in treated and positive control groups showed positive by RT‐PCR for these viruses.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis isolates from bovine milk     

Bibek Ranjan Shome  Mani Bhuvana  Susweta Das Mitra  Natesan Krithiga  Rajeswari Shome  Dhanikachalam Velu  Apala Banerjee  Sukhadeo B. Barbuddhe  Krishnamshetty Prabhudas  Habibar Rahman 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(8):1981-1992

Streptococci are one among the major mastitis pathogens which have a considerable impact on cow health, milk quality, and productivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and virulence characteristics of streptococci from bovine milk and to assess the molecular epidemiology and population structure of the Indian isolates using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Out of a total of 209 bovine composite milk samples screened from four herds (A–D), 30 Streptococcus spp. were isolated from 29 milk samples. Among the 30 isolates, species-specific PCR and partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified 17 Streptococcus agalactiae arising from herd A and 13 Streptococcus uberis comprising of 5, 7, and 1 isolates from herds B, C, and D respectively. PCR based screening for virulence genes revealed the presence of the cfb and the pavA genes in 17 and 1 S. agalactiae isolates, respectively. Similarly, in S. uberis isolates, cfu gene was present in six isolates from herd C, the pau A/skc gene in all the isolates from herds B, C, and D, whereas the sua gene was present in four isolates from herd B and the only isolate from herd D. On MLST analysis, all the S. agalactiae isolates were found to be of a novel sequence type (ST), ST-483, reported for the first time and is a single locus variant of the predicted subgroup founder ST-310, while the S. uberis isolates were found to be of three novel sequence types, namely ST-439, ST-474, and ST-475, all reported for the first time. ST-474 was a double locus variant of three different STs of global clonal complex ST-143 considered to be associated with clinical and subclinical mastitis, but ST-439 and ST-475 were singletons. Unique sequence types identified for both S. agalactiae and S. uberis were found to be herd specific. On PFGE analysis, identical or closely related restriction patterns for S. agalactiae ST-483 and S. uberis ST-439 in herds A and B respectively, but an unrelated restriction pattern for S. uberis ST-474 and ST-475 isolates from herds D and C respectively, were obtained. This signifies that the isolates of particular ST may exhibit related PFGE patterns suggesting detection of a faster molecular clock by PFGE than MLST. Since all the isolates of both the species belonged to novel sequence types, their epidemiological significance in global context could not be ascertained, however, evidence suggests that they have uniquely evolved in Indian conditions. Further research would be useful for understanding the role of these pathogens in bovine sub-clinical mastitis and implementing effective control strategies in India.  相似文献   

Regeneration of mixed conifer forests under group tree selection harvest management in western Bhutan Himalayas     

Mani Ram Moktan  Georg Gratzer  William H. Richards  Tek Bahadur Rai  Dawa Dukpa  Kinley Tenzin 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

Group selection tree harvest has been proposed as an ecologically sustainable silvicultural technique in mixed conifer forests of the western Bhutan Himalayas. To evaluate this silvicultural technique, we studied the ecological consequences of a group selection tree harvest in mixed conifer forests by assessing 127 circular plots (71 in logged and 56 in unlogged stands) in two forest management units (FMUs). Tree species composition and diversity were similar between logged and unlogged stands. Seedling density and height growth vary by species and were influenced by logging and microsites, with generally taller seedlings found in the logged versus unlogged stands. Early successional shade-intolerant species colonized logged stands. Seedlings growing on bare soil scarified by harvesting had medium vigour while seedlings growing on bryophyte mats showed good vigour in both logged and unlogged stands. Moist sites with a northerly aspect supported profuse conifer seedling regeneration, compared to sites with a dry southerly aspect. Damage to conifer seedlings from herbivore browsing was minimal. Conifer seedling density and height growth was negatively affected by competition from herbaceous vegetation, most notably Salvia officinalis. Group selection tree harvest in southern dry exposures in spruce-dominated stands is silviculturally unsuitable because it alters tree succession.  相似文献