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Seroprevalence of Peste des petits ruminants in cattle and buffaloes from Southern Peninsular India 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Balamurugan V Krishnamoorthy P Veeregowda BM Sen A Rajak KK Bhanuprakash V Gajendragad MR Prabhudas K 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(2):301-306
This study describes seroprevalence of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in cattle and buffaloes carried out during the period 2009–2010 using the randomly collected serum samples from different
parts of Southern peninsular India. The report presents the results of PPR virus (PPRV)—specific antibodies in situations
where either the subclinical or inapparent or non-lethal infection was there in cattle and buffaloes. A total of 2,548 serum
samples [cattle = 1,158, buffaloes = 1,001, sheep = 303 and goat = 86] were collected and screened for PPRV antibodies by
using a PPR monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA kit. Analysis of 2,159 serum samples indicates an overall 4.58% prevalence
of PPRV antibody in cattle and buffaloes. The presence of PPRV-specific antibodies demonstrates that cattle and buffaloes
are exposed to PPR infection naturally, and the transmission mode may be direct or indirect. Further, it implies the importance
of bovines as subclinical hosts for the virus besides widespread presence of the disease in sheep and goats in the country. 相似文献
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Gajendragad MR Kamath KN Anil PY Prabhudas K Natarajan C 《Veterinary microbiology》2001,78(4):319-330
An immunobiosensor using a piezo electric (PZ) crystal was developed and standardized for foot and mouth disease (FMD) diagnosis and virus typing. A 6MHz quartz crystal was used as the frequency determining element. Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) type specific antibody raised in rabbits/monoclonal antibody was coated on the crystal surface and the resonance measured. One microlitre of the 10% aqueous suspension of the clinical sample (tongue or foot epithelium) was applied on both surfaces of the crystal and the resonance recorded. A difference in resonance of more than -2.5Hz was obtained in positive samples (homologous antigen and antibody). The test was standardized initially using various dilutions of FMD tissue culture antigen. Repeatability and sensitivity were also tested and it was found that the crystals could be washed and reused eight times. The test could be used for FMDV type specifically and no cross-reaction between FMDV types was observed. The shelf-life of the antibody-coated crystal stored at room temperature was 18 weeks. Application of the biosensor test to the FMDV clinical samples confirmed virus typing results when compared with enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) and it could also detect virus in ELISA negative samples and mixed virus infections. 相似文献
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Bibek Ranjan Shome Mani Bhuvana Susweta Das Mitra Natesan Krithiga Rajeswari Shome Dhanikachalam Velu Apala Banerjee Sukhadeo B. Barbuddhe Krishnamshetty Prabhudas Habibar Rahman 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(8):1981-1992
Streptococci are one among the major mastitis pathogens which have a considerable impact on cow health, milk quality, and productivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and virulence characteristics of streptococci from bovine milk and to assess the molecular epidemiology and population structure of the Indian isolates using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Out of a total of 209 bovine composite milk samples screened from four herds (A–D), 30 Streptococcus spp. were isolated from 29 milk samples. Among the 30 isolates, species-specific PCR and partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified 17 Streptococcus agalactiae arising from herd A and 13 Streptococcus uberis comprising of 5, 7, and 1 isolates from herds B, C, and D respectively. PCR based screening for virulence genes revealed the presence of the cfb and the pavA genes in 17 and 1 S. agalactiae isolates, respectively. Similarly, in S. uberis isolates, cfu gene was present in six isolates from herd C, the pau A/skc gene in all the isolates from herds B, C, and D, whereas the sua gene was present in four isolates from herd B and the only isolate from herd D. On MLST analysis, all the S. agalactiae isolates were found to be of a novel sequence type (ST), ST-483, reported for the first time and is a single locus variant of the predicted subgroup founder ST-310, while the S. uberis isolates were found to be of three novel sequence types, namely ST-439, ST-474, and ST-475, all reported for the first time. ST-474 was a double locus variant of three different STs of global clonal complex ST-143 considered to be associated with clinical and subclinical mastitis, but ST-439 and ST-475 were singletons. Unique sequence types identified for both S. agalactiae and S. uberis were found to be herd specific. On PFGE analysis, identical or closely related restriction patterns for S. agalactiae ST-483 and S. uberis ST-439 in herds A and B respectively, but an unrelated restriction pattern for S. uberis ST-474 and ST-475 isolates from herds D and C respectively, were obtained. This signifies that the isolates of particular ST may exhibit related PFGE patterns suggesting detection of a faster molecular clock by PFGE than MLST. Since all the isolates of both the species belonged to novel sequence types, their epidemiological significance in global context could not be ascertained, however, evidence suggests that they have uniquely evolved in Indian conditions. Further research would be useful for understanding the role of these pathogens in bovine sub-clinical mastitis and implementing effective control strategies in India. 相似文献
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P. P. Sengupta M. Balumahendiran A. G. Raghavendra T. G. Honnappa M. R. Gajendragad K. Prabhudas 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,45(1):205-210
A seroprevalence study of bovine neosporosis was conducted among 1,927 dairy cattle and 341 water buffaloes from Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh states in plateau of southern peninsular India by employing competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall, 12.61 and 9.97 % sera samples were found positive for the presence of Neospora caninum antibody, respectively, among cattle and water buffaloes. Out of 1,927 sera samples from cattle, 912 and 1,015 samples were collected from unorganized and organized herds, respectively. The cattle screened were of upgraded Holstein–Friesian and water buffaloes were of graded Surti breed. Significantly (p?<?0.05) higher prevalence was found in the cattle in unorganized herds (16.66 %) in comparison to organized herds (8.96 %). The highest seroprevalence was recorded in the age group of 4 years and above in both type of cattle herds and water buffaloes. There was a significant variation of seroprevalence (p?<?0.05) observed between different age groups of cattle. The rate of seroprevalence increased with the increment in the age of the animals suggesting a possibility of horizontal mode of transmission of the infection from the environment. The percentage of abortion history was more in seropositive group (51.65 %) in comparison to the seronegative group (5.84 %) and the seropositive cattle were 8.84 times more likely to experience abortion than the seronegative cattle. The occurrence of abortion among different age groups varied significantly (p?<?0.05). The findings revealed the presence of neosporosis in the southern peninsular India among cattle and water buffaloes and a strong association between the seroprevalence and abortion. 相似文献
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Nagalingam M Shome R Balamurugan V Shome BR NarayanaRao K Vivekananda Isloor S Prabhudas K 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):5-9
Although host specificity has been observed in different species of Brucella, crossing the animal host boundary is likely to occur at any time. In this study, Bruce ladder PCR and abortus–melitensis–ovis–suis (AMOS) PCR assays were used to characterize 47 Brucella isolates from Indian origin in order to know exact species for understanding epidemiology of brucellosis. Out of them, 28,
14, and 5 isolates were found to be Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, and Brucella suis, respectively. Further analysis by AMOS PCR has identified that all the B. abortus isolates belong to any one of the biovar 1, 2, or 4; of the five B. suis isolates, three belong to biovar 1 and two belong to any one of the biovar 2, 3, 4, or 5. Although this multiplex Bruce ladder
PCR is useful in differentiating all Brucella species, elaborate study is required to further characterize the isolates at exact biovar level. 相似文献
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Sengupta PP Balumahendiran M Balamurugan V Rudramurthy GR Prabhudas K 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,187(1-2):1-8
The variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) of trypanosome is an important part of its body surface coat, which is expressed in early, middle and late stages of infection contributing a major diagnostic value. In the present study, the 5' end of the partial VSG gene sequences (681 bp) encoding N-terminal protein of RoTat 1.2 VSG (227 amino acid) was amplified, cloned into pET32a vector, and expressed in prokaryotic system. The fused His-tagged expressed VSG protein (43 kDa) of the Trypanosoma evansi was characterized in SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting using hyperimmune/immune sera raised against buffalo, dog, lion and leopard isolates of T. evansi. The expressed protein remained immunoreactive with all the sera combinations. The animals immunized with whole cell lysate or recombinant protein showed similar antibody reactions in ELISA and CATT (Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis). This study suggests the expressed recombinant truncated VSG is having its importance for its possible use in sero-diagnosis of surra. 相似文献
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