Norway and black rats in Europe: potential reservoirs for zoonotic arthropod‐borne pathogens?     

Anna Obiegala  Elisa Heuser  Ren Ryll  Christian Imholt  Johanna Fürst  Lisa‐Marie Prautsch  Anita Plenge‐Bnig  Rainer G Ulrich  Martin Pfeffer 《Pest management science》2019,75(6):1556-1563

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Landscape-level naturalness of conservation easements in a mixed-use matrix     

Fouch  Nakisha  Baldwin  Robert F.  Gerard  Patrick  Dyckman  Caitlin  Theobald  David M. 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(8):1967-1987

Context

With underrepresentation of habitats in publicly protected areas, attention has focused on the function of alternative land conservation mechanisms. Private conservation easements (CEs) have proliferated in the United States, yet assessing landscape-level function is confounded by varying extent, resolution, and temporal scale.

Objectives

We developed and tested an assessment tool to evaluate interacting spatial, social, and environmental attributes of easements relative to the degree of human modification (HM). We hypothesized that on both private and public conservation properties HM would be lower than on non-conserved parcels, and that for fine-scale features (most CEs), the level of HM would be driven by the variables used to create the coarser scale HM measure.

Methods

Variation in HM between private, public, and non-conserved was tested via pairwise parcel sampling. Composition was evaluated using multiple geographic bounds and edge characteristics. We assessed both environmental and social predictors using multinomial logistic regression.

Results

Privately conserved lands did not differ significantly from non-conserved lands. Publicly conserved lands had lower HM than both privately conserved and non-conserved lands. Edge contrast was similar between private and matched non-conserved patches. The level of HM was not driven by distance to roads, or by elevation in this mixed-use setting.

Conclusions

Variation in tests for differences, land characteristics, and HM variables confirmed the significantly lower HM of publicly protected lands, and opens the question as to naturalness of easements in some contexts. CEs in this location may be representative of the mixed rural-forested landscape instead of more natural land cover.

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Mycobacterium fortuitum infection interference with Mycobacterium bovis diagnostics: natural infection cases and a pilot experimental infection     

Anita L Michel 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2008,20(4):501-503

Mycobacterium fortuitum and at least 1 unidentified species of soil mycobacteria were isolated from lymph nodes from 4 of 5 African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) that had been culled because of positive test results using the Bovigam assay. The buffalo were part of a group of 16 free-ranging buffalo captured in the far north of the Kruger National Park (South Africa) assumed to be free of bovine tuberculosis. No Mycobacterium bovis was isolated. To investigate the possible cause of the apparent false-positive diagnosis, the Mycobacterium isolates were inoculated into 4 experimental cattle and their immune responses monitored over a 13-week period, using the gamma interferon assay. The immune reactivity was predominantly directed toward avian tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) and lasted for approximately 8 weeks. During that period 3 of 4 cattle yielded positive test results on 1 or 2 occasions. The immune responsiveness was boosted when the inoculations were repeated after 15 weeks, which led to 2 subsequent positive reactions in the experimental animal that did not react previously. Including an additional stimulatory antigen, sensitin prepared from M. fortuitum in the gamma interferon assay, showed that it was able to elicit a detectable gamma interferon response in all 4 experimentally inoculated cattle when applied in parallel with bovine and avian tuberculin PPD for the stimulation of blood samples. The implications of occasional cross-reactive responses in natural cases of infection with environmental mycobacteria in the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in African buffalo and cattle in South Africa are discussed.  相似文献   

Predictors of urinary or fecal incontinence in dogs with thoracolumbar acute non‐compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion     

Lorenzo Mari  Sebastien Behr  Anita Shea  Elisabet Dominguez  Cristoforo Ricco  Emili Alcoverro  Abel Ekiri  Daniel Sanchez‐Masian  Luisa De Risio 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(6):2693-2700

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Nevus of Ota (oculodermal melanocytosis) in a dog          下载免费PDF全文

Pedro Malho  Anita Shea  David Donaldson 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2018,21(3):312-318

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Editorial     

Anita M. Ezzo 《Journal Of Agricultural & Food Information》2014,15(4):241-242

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Oocyte Diameter and Plasma Vitellogenin as Predictive Factors to Identify Potential Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus,Suitable for Induced Spawning     

Anita M. Kelly 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(1):115-123

This study monitors the progression of oocyte size and plasma hormone profiles of female channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, at monthly intervals to stage expectant ovulating, females for strip spawning. The “critical minimum” diameter of an oocyte to reach threshold maturity for channel catfish was 2.5 ± 0.21 mm. Monthly increases of oocyte diameters and plasma vitellogenin concentrations were linear until spawning. The reproductive performance of cannulated and noncannulated catfish did not differ, negating adverse effects of routine cannulation. This study suggests oocyte diameter in channel catfish can be used as a predictive factor to determine and stage potential broodfish suitable for hormone‐induced spawning.  相似文献   

Measuring nitrogen fixation by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sesbania sesban</Emphasis> planted fallows using <Superscript>15</Superscript>N tracer technique in Kenya     

Lena?St?hlEmail author  Peter?H?gberg  Anita?Sellstedt  Roland J.?Buresh 《Agroforestry Systems》2005,65(1):67-79

A field experiment was performed in eastern Kenya to estimate N₂ fixation by Sesbania sesban over an 18-month period using the ¹⁵N dilution method. The influence of three reference species, Senna spectabilis, Eucalyptus saligna and Grevillea robusta, on the estimates of N₂ fixation was also assessed. Percentage Ndfa (nitrogen derived from the atmosphere) was calculated based on foliar atom excess (FAE), above-ground atom excess (AAE) or whole tree atom excess (WAE) data. The differences in atom% ¹⁵N excess values between species and plant parts are presented and discussed. We recommend the use of several reference species for estimating %Ndfa and that the different results obtained should be carefully considered in relation to the issues being addressed. In this study, Senna was the most suitable of the three reference species because its N uptake pattern and phenology were very similar to those of Sesbania. When well established, the amount of N fixed by Sesbania accounts for more than 80% of its total N content, according to FAE-based estimates. We estimated the Ndfa by Sesbania after 18 months to between 500 and 600 kg ha⁻¹ , depending on whether FAE, AAE or WAE data were used and on the choice of reference species. The substantial accumulation of N in planted Sesbania highlighted its potential to increase the sustainability of crop production on N-limited soils. We consider the ¹⁵N dilution method to be appropriate for quantifying N₂ fixation in improved fallows in studies, similar to this one, of young trees with high N₂-fixing ability.  相似文献   

Struktur und Langzeitentwicklung von subalpinen Pinus montana Miller und Pinus cembra L. Wäldern in den zentraleuropäischen Alpen     

Anita C.?RischEmail author  Linda M.?Nagel  Martin?Schütz  Bertil O.?Krüsi  Felix?Kienast  Harald?Bugmann 《European Journal of Forest Research》2003,122(4):219-230

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Mechanical stress grading of tropical timbers without regard to species     

Anita Firmanti  Efendi Tri Bachtiar  Surjono Surjokusumo  Kohei Komatsu  Shuichi Kawai 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(4):339-347

Some reports have shown that for single species the correlation between modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) in bending is quite high. Tropical timbers consist of hundreds of species that are difficult to identify. This report deals with the mechanical stress grading of tropical timber regardless of species. Nine timber species or groups of species with a total number of 1094 pieces measuring 60 × 120 × 3000 mm, were tested in static bending. The MOE was measured flat wise, while MOR was tested edge wise. Statistical analysis of linear regression with a dummy model and analysis of covariance were used to analyze the role of MOE and the effect of species on prediction of MOR. The analysis showed that using MOE as a single predictor caused under/overestimation for one or more species and/or groups of species. The accuracy of prediction would be increased with species identification. An allowable stress and reference resistance for species and/or groups of species were provided to compare with the prediction of strength through timber grading. The timber strength class for species and/or groups of species was also established to support the application of mechanical timber grading.  相似文献