Role of histamine in heartworm extract-induced shock in dogs     

Kitoh K  Katoh H  Kitagawa H  Nagase M  Sasaki N  Sasaki Y 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(5):770-774

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether heartworm (HW) extract-induced shock in dogs is consistent with anaphylactic shock by examining the role of histamine. ANIMALS: 6 mixed-breed dogs (3 without and 3 with HW infections) and 4 specific pathogen-free (SPF) Beagles. PROCEDURE: Four experiments were performed as follows: 1) 6 mixed-breed dogs were treated IV with 2 ml of HW extract, and plasma histamine concentrations were determined; 2) 4 SPF dogs were treated IV with 2 ml of HW extract and examined for shock; 3) sera from 6 dogs of experiment 1 and from 4 SPF dogs of experiment 2 that were obtained before HW extract treatment were tested for heterologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), using rabbits during a sensitization period of 48 to 72 hours; and 4) mast cell degranulation by HW extract was tested, using rat mesentery and canine cultured mast cells. RESULTS: Experiment 1: 6 dogs developed shock, and plasma histamine concentrations increased significantly from 0.3 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SD) ng/ml before HW extract treatment to 44.6 +/- 68.9 ng/ml at the onset of shock; experiment 2: all SPF dogs developed shock and had an increase in plasma histamine concentrations; experiment 3: sera from mixed-breed dogs without HW infection and from SPF dogs had negative PCA reactions; experiment 4: HW extract degranulated rat mesentery mast cells and released histamine directly from canine mast cells. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of our study indicate that an unknown mast cell-degranulating substances contained in HW extract may degranulate mast cells directly, consequently releasing histamine that may participate in the onset of shock in HW extract-induced shock in dogs.  相似文献   

Metabolic and structural abnormalities in dogs with early left ventricular dysfunction induced by incessant tachycardia     

Mc Entee K  Flandre T  Dessy C  Desmecht D  Clercx C  Balligand M  Michaux C  Jonville E  Miserque N  Henroteaux M  Keene B 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(6):889-894

OBJECTIVE: To assess morphologic and metabolic abnormalities in dogs with early left ventricular dysfunction (ELVD) induced by rapid right ventricular pacing (RRVP). ANIMALS: 7 Beagles. PROCEDURE: Plasma carnitine concentrations were measured before and after development of ELVD induced by RRVP. At the same times, transvenous endomyocardial biopsy was performed, and specimens were submitted for determination of myocardial carnitine concentrations and histologic, morphometric, and ultrastructural examination. RESULTS: In 4 dogs in which baseline plasma total carnitine concentration was normal, RRVP induced a decrease in myocardial total and free carnitine concentrations and an increase in myocardial esterified carnitine concentration. In 3 dogs in which baseline plasma total carnitine concentration was low, plasma and myocardial carnitine concentrations were unchanged after pacing. Structural changes associated with pacing included perinuclear vacuolization in 3 dogs. Morphometric analyses indicated there was a decrease in myofiber cross-sectional diameter and area following pacing. Electron microscopy revealed changes in myofibrils and mitochondria following pacing. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that moderate to severe alterations in myocyte cytoarchitecture are present in dogs with ELVD induced by RRVP and that in dogs with normal plasma carnitine concentrations, myocardial carnitine deficiency may be a biochemical marker of ELVD. Results also indicated that transvenous endomyocardial biopsy can be used to evaluate biochemical and structural myocardial changes in dogs with cardiac disease.  相似文献   

Soluble scute proteins of healthy and ill desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii)     

Homer BL  Li C  Berry KH  Denslow ND  Jacobson ER  Sawyer RH  Williams JE 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(1):104-110

OBJECTIVES: To characterize protein composition of shell scute of desert tortoises and to determine whether detectable differences could be used to identify healthy tortoises from tortoises with certain illnesses. ANIMALS: 20 desert tortoises. PROCEDURES: Complete postmortem examinations were performed on all tortoises. Plastron scute proteins were solubilized, scute proteins were separated by use of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and proteins were analyzed, using densitometry. Two-dimensional immobilized pH gradient-PAGE (2D IPG-PAGE) and immunoblot analysis, using polyclonal antisera to chicken-feather beta keratin and to alligator-scale beta keratin, were conducted on representative samples. The 14-kd proteins were analyzed for amino acid composition. RESULTS: The SDS-PAGE and densitometry revealed 7 distinct bands, each with a mean relative protein concentration of > 1 %, ranging from 8 to 47 kd, and a major protein component of approximately 14 kd that constituted up to 75% of the scute protein. The 2D IPG-PAGE revealed additional distinct 62- and 68-kd protein bands. On immunoblot analysis, the 14-, 32-, and 45-kd proteins reacted with both antisera. The 14-kd proteins had an amino acid composition similar to that of chicken beta keratins. There was a substantial difference in the percentage of the major 14-kd proteins from scute of ill tortoises with normal appearing shells, compared with 14-kd proteins of healthy tortoises. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The major protein components of shell scute of desert tortoises have amino acid composition and antigenic features of beta keratins. Scute protein composition may be altered in tortoises with certain systemic illnesses.  相似文献   

Use of a murine xenograft model for canine transmissible venereal tumor   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Harmelin A  Pinthus JH  Katzir N  Kapon A  Volcani Y  Amariglio EN  Rehavi G 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(6):907-911

OBJECTIVE: To develop a murine model for canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT). ANIMALS: Thirty-three 6-week-old NOD/LtSz-scid (NOD/SCID) mice and seven 6-week-old C57BL/6J mice. PROCEDURE: Samples of CTVT were excised from a 3-year-old dog and inoculated SC into ten 6-week-old NOD/SCID mice to induce growth of xenograft transmissible venereal tumor (XTVT). To establish mouse-to-mouse transmission, samples of XTVT were removed and inoculated SC into 4 groups of 6-week-old NOD/SCID mice and into a control group. Samples of CTVT were also inoculated into immunocompetent C57BL/6J mice for a mouse antibody production (MAP) test. The canine and xenografted tumors were evaluated cytologically and histologically, and polymerase chain reaction was performed for detection of the rearranged LINE/c-MYC junction. RESULTS: 8 of 10 NOD/SCID mice that were inoculated with CTVT developed tumors 3 to 10 weeks after inoculation. In the second-generation xenograft, all mice developed tumors by postinoculation day 47; 1 X 10(6) of XTVT cells were enough to create a xenograft. Metastases developed in 4 of 20 mice. Xenografted and metastatic tumors retained cytologic, histologic, and molecular characteristics of CTVT. Results of the MAP test were negative for all pathogens. CONCLUSION: We established an NOD/SCID murine model for XTVT and metastasis of CTVT. This model should facilitate study of tumor transplantation, progression, and metastasis and should decrease or eliminate the need for maintaining allogenic transfer in dogs.  相似文献   

Evaluation of glycoprotein Ib expression on feline platelets     

Tablin F  Johnsrude JD  Walker NJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(2):195-201

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether platelets obtained from cats expressed glycoprotein Ib (GPIb). SAMPLE POPULATION: Platelets obtained from 11 specific-pathogen-free cats. PROCEDURE: Platelets were analyzed by use of immunofluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, western immunoblot analysis, and immunoprecipitation. RESULTS: Immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry revealed the protein on the surface of feline platelets. Biochemical studies (western immunoblot analysis and immunoprecipitation) revealed a 140-kd membrane glycoprotein. Additional biochemical studies revealed that feline GPIb was sensitive to proteolysis, because platelet cytoskeletons prepared with low concentrations of a calpain inhibitor (ie, leupeptin; 100 microg/ml) had substantial proteolysis, and there was an association of protein fragments with the actin cytoskeleton. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis of these results indicate that feline platelets express a 140-kd membrane protein that is recognized by monoclonal antibodies developed against GPIb. Application of standardized ELISA to quantitate glycocalicin, the water-soluble fragment of GPIb, may provide important information on the production of microvesicles, increased platelet turnover, and abnormal proteolysis.  相似文献   

Reduction of diameter of the left ventricle of dogs by plication of the left ventricular free wall     

de Andrade JN  Wouk AF  Camacho AA  de Lourdes Branco Germiniani C  Gavazzoni L 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(3):297-300

OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of reducing the diameter of the left ventricle of dogs by plication of the left ventricular free wall. ANIMALS: 8 healthy adult mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURE: Left lateral thoracotomy and a T-shaped pericardiotomy were performed. The free wall of the left ventricle was imbricated with 3 interrupted transfixing sutures applied in a horizontal mattress pattern, using 3-0 polypropylene suture assembled on a straight cutting needle. Surgeons were careful to avoid the coronary vessels. Echocardiography was performed 24 hours before and 48 hours after surgery. Electrocardiography was performed before and 1, 2, 7, 15, 21, 30, and 60 days after surgery. RESULTS: Echocardiographic measurements revealed that the diameter of the left ventricle was reduced by a mean of 23.5%. Electrocardiography revealed ventricular premature complexes 24 hours after surgery that regressed without treatment during the first week after surgery. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Plication of the left ventricular free wall of dogs can reduce end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions of the left ventricle. The technique is simple and does not require cardiopulmonary bypass. According to Laplace's law, the reduction of cardiac diameter leads to reduction on free-wall tension and may improve left ventricular function in dilatated hearts. Thus, additional studies involving dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy should be conducted.  相似文献   

Expression of interleukin-1beta in the digital laminae of horses in the prodromal stage of experimentally induced laminitis     

Fontaine GL  Belknap JK  Allen D  Moore JN  Kroll DL 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(5):714-720

OBJECTIVE: To study expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in the digital laminae of horses in the prodromal stage of experimentally induced laminitis. ANIMALS: 8 healthy adult horses with no signs of laminitis. PROCEDURES: Black walnut extract was administered via nasogastric tube to 4 horses, and water was administered to the remaining 4 (controls). Complete blood counts and physical examinations were performed every 30 minutes after administration of black walnut extract or water. General anesthesia was induced when total WBC count decreased by 30% in horses given the black walnut extract and 3 hours after water administration in control horses. The left forefoot was perfusion fixed with neutral-buffered 10% formalin, and paraffin-embedded sections of the digit were used for in situ hybridization with an equine-specific IL-1beta probe. RESULTS: IL-1beta mRNA expression was observed in perivascular cells of the small laminar venules and capillaries in all 4 horses given black walnut extract and in interstitial cells remote from the microvasculature in 1 of the 4. Other cellular components of the laminar tissue and cellular components of the digital arterioles and veins did not exhibit IL-1beta mRNA expression. Expression of IL-1beta mRNA was not detected in laminae from control horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that IL-1beta mRNA is expressed by perivascular cells in the laminar tissues of horses in the prodromal stage of experimentally induced laminitis. This provides evidence of an inflammatory process during the prodromal stage of laminitis, indicating that local digital proinflammatory cytokine expression may be an initiating factor in laminitis.  相似文献   

von Willebrand disease phenotype and von Willebrand factor marker genotype in Doberman Pinschers     

Brooks MB  Erb HN  Foureman PA  Ray K 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(3):364-369

OBJECTIVE: To define the relationship between clinical expression of a type-1 von Willebrand disease phenotype and genotype at 2 von Willebrand factor marker loci in Doberman Pinschers. ANIMALS: 102 client-owned Doberman Pinschers. PROCEDURES: Dogs were recruited on the basis of plasma von Willebrand factor concentration, clinical history, and pedigree. Blood samples and response to a history questionnaire were obtained for each dog. Plasma von Willebrand factor concentration was measured by use of an ELISA, and genotyping was performed via polymerase chain reaction for 1 intragenic and 1 extragenic von Willebrand factor marker. Amplification product size was determined by use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (intragenic marker) or automated sequence analysis (extragenic marker). Western blots were prepared from a subset of dogs with low plasma von Willebrand factor concentration to evaluate multimer distribution. RESULTS: Strong associations were detected between plasma von Willebrand factor concentration and von Willebrand factor marker genotype. Twenty-five dogs had substantial reduction in plasma von Willebrand factor concentration and multiple hemorrhagic events. All were homozygous for a 157-base-pair intragenic marker allele and homozygous or compound heterozygous for 1 of 4 extragenic marker alleles. These marker genotypes were exclusively detected in dogs with low plasma von Willebrand factor concentration, although some dogs with these genotypes did not have abnormal bleeding. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Type-1 von Willebrand disease in Doberman Pinschers is associated with the von Willebrand factor gene locus; however, the expression pattern in this breed appears more complex than that of a simple recessive trait.  相似文献   

Anesthesia case of the month     

Inoue T  Ko JC  Mandsager RE  Streeter RN 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,219(6):745-747

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Quality of tissue specimens obtained endoscopically from the duodenum of dogs and cats     

Willard MD  Lovering SL  Cohen ND  Weeks BR 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,219(4):474-479

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate quality of duodenal tissue specimens obtained endoscopically from dogs and cats and submitted to 1 of 2 diagnostic laboratories for evaluation. DESIGN: Case series. SAMPLE POPULATION: Slides from 50 consecutive canine and 50 consecutive feline endoscopically obtained duodenal tissue specimens submitted to laboratory 1 and 49 consecutive canine and 46 consecutive feline specimens submitted to laboratory 2. PROCEDURE: Slides were examined independently by 3 investigators, and each tissue piece on each slide was classified as clearly inadequate, questionable, or clearly adequate on the basis of 4 criteria. An overall score was then assigned to the slide. RESULTS: Slides from laboratory 1 were more likely to be scored as clearly adequate and less likely to be scored as clearly inadequate than slides from laboratory 2. Clearly adequate slides from laboratory 1 had a higher number of clearly adequate pieces of tissue than did clearly adequate slides from laboratory 2. Slides scored as clearly adequate had a higher number of individual tissue pieces than did slides scored as clearly inadequate. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that the quality of endoscopically obtained duodenal tissue specimens submitted to laboratories can vary, possibly because of differences in experience of individuals collecting biopsy specimens. Results suggest that at least 8 individual tissue pieces should be submitted when performing endoscopic biopsy of the duodenum in dogs and cats.  相似文献