Reduced differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells in wasting marmoset syndrome     

Kimie NIIMI  Eiki TAKAHASHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(5):784

Wasting marmoset syndrome (WMS) is a serious disease in captive common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) colonies. Because of the high mortality rates, elucidation of the underlying mechanisms is essential. In this study, we compared the histopathology, the number of each epithelial cell in the jejunum and colon, and the expression patterns of some molecular markers between healthy and WMS-affected marmosets. Atrophy of villi in the jejunum and mononuclear cell infiltration in the lamina propria were observed in the intestinal tract of WMS-affected marmosets. Although the numbers of transient amplifying cells and tuft cells were increased, the number of goblet cells was obviously decreased in the jejunum and colon of WMS-affected marmosets compared to healthy marmosets. In addition, the number of enterocytes in the jejunum was decreased in WMS animals. There was no apparent difference in the numbers of stem cells, enteroendocrine cells, or Paneth cells. The expression of β-catenin and Tcf7l2 was increased in WMS, and the co-existence of β-catenin and Tcf7l2/Cyclin D1 was observed around the crypts in WMS-affected marmosets. These findings suggest that cell proliferation continues, but cell differentiation is halted in the intestinal tract due to the enhanced β-catenin/Tcf7l2/Cyclin D1signaling pathway in WMS, which results in malfunction of the villus and mucosa.  相似文献   

Denaturation mode of carp myofibrils when affected by temperature and salt concentration     

Takeshi  YAMAMOTO  Masayuki  TAKAHASHI  Sanae  KATO  Kunihiko  KONNO 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(3):627-633

ABSTRACT: Heating temperatures of 30–40°C and KCl concentrations of 0.1–0.5 M altered the denaturation mode of carp myofibrils. In 0.1 M KCl medium, heating temperature affected the denaturation of rod more significantly than of subfragment-1 (S-1), and a slow decrease in solubility at 30°C was accompanied by a slow denaturation of rod. KCl concentration at heating altered the denaturation mode differently at 30°C and 40°C. Increased KCl concentrations for heating reduced the rod denaturation rate at 40°C, but it was increased at 30°C. At concentrations above 0.3*Τ*M KCl, the denaturation rate for rod became identical to that for S-1 at both temperatures. Upon heating of chymotryptic digest of myofibrils, S-1 denaturation was similarly detected as in intact myofibrils, whereas practically no rod denaturation was detected. Thus, it was concluded that myosin structure connecting S-1 and rod has an important role in the denaturation process.  相似文献   

Gene expression and hormonal regulation of adiponectin and its receptors in bovine mammary gland and mammary epithelial cells     

Yoshihisa OHTANI  Tomo YONEZAWA  Sang‐Houn SONG  Tatsuyuki TAKAHASHI  Astrid ARDIYANTI  Katsuyoshi SATO  Akihiko HAGINO  Sang‐gun ROH  Kazuo KATOH 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(1):99-106

Although the functions of adiponectin, a differentiated adipocyte‐derived hormone, in regulating glucose and fatty acid metabolism are regulated by two subtypes of adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs; AdipoR1 and AdipoR2), those in ruminants remain unclear. Therefore we examined the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of adiponectin and its receptors in various bovine tissues and mammary glands among different lactation stages, and the effects of lactogenic hormones (insulin, dexamethasone and prolactin) and growth hormone (GH) on mRNA expression of the AdipoRs in cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC). AdipoRs mRNAs were widely expressed in various bovine tissues, but adiponectin mRNA expression was significantly higher in adipose tissue than in other tissues. In the mammary gland, although adiponectin mRNA expression was significantly decreased at lactation, AdipoR1 mRNA expression was significantly higher at peak lactation than at the dry‐off stage. In BMEC, lactogenic hormones and GH upregulated AdipoR2 mRNA expression but did not change that of AdipoR1. In conclusion, adiponectin and its receptor mRNA were expressed in various bovine tissues and the adiponectin mRNA level was decreased during lactation. These results suggest that adiponectin and its receptors ware changed in mammary glands by lactation and that AdipoRs mRNA expression was regulated by different pathways in BMEC.  相似文献   

Modification of the hyperosmotic infiltration method of vaccination against vibriosis in cultured ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck and Schlegel     

T. AOKI  T. KITAO  M. FUKUDOME  S. TAKAHASHI  S. EGUSA † 《Journal of fish diseases》1984,7(2):149-156

Abstract. A vaccine solution of a formalin-killed culture of Vibrio anguillarum cells was observed to be toxic to young ayu when administered by the hyperosmotic infiltration method. The toxin was present in the culture broth. After the toxin was removed from the broth by centrifugation, the fish were dipped in 5.32% NaCl solution for 2 min and then in a solution containing precipitated cells for 3 min. The immunized fish were protected against vibriosis when challenged one month after immersion. The bacterin was administered to ayu by a further two methods, both using lyophilized whole cells of formalin-killed V. anguillarum. In one method, the fish were placed in a 5.32% NaCl solution for 2 min and then in a solution containing lyophilized cells at 2 g/l of well water for 3 min (two-step immersion). In the other method, the fish were placed in a 5.32% NaCl solution containing lyophilized cells also at 2 g/l for 3 min (one-step immersion). A high level of protection against artificial challenge was achieved with either method. No agglutinating antibodies to V. anguillarum were detected in either the serum or mucus of fish dipped in a vaccine solution, a supernatant, or a precipitated solution, one month after immersion. On the other hand, serum titres were detected in fish vaccinated by injection, although no titres were detected in mucus. LD₅₀ values are presented for the virulence of the V. anguillarum strain. Compared to the original strain, virulence increased after the third passage in ayu, but decreased after the thirteenth passage in medium.  相似文献   

Canopy structure and productivity of Festuca avundinacea Schreb. swards during vegetative and reproductive growth     

S. SUGIYAMA  M. YONEYAMA  N. TAKAHASHI  K. GOTOH 《Grass and Forage Science》1985,40(1):49-55

Canopy structure, productivity and their relationships were examined in 2-year-old swards of fourteen tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) strains during the vegetative and reproductive growth stages. During the vegetative growth stage morphological characters, particularly tiller size, were closely associated with productivity. Swards with large tillers showed an effective distribution of the incoming light energy within the canopy and hence low extinction coefficient ( K ) value and high productivity at complete light interception. On the other hand, although there was no apparent correlation between K and the productivity or the whole crop during the reproductive growth stage, the productivities of the reproductive and vegetative tillers were positively and negatively related to K respectively. Leaf area index of the reproductive tillers and their position in the canopy had marked effects on the distribution of the incoming light energy within the canopy and on the productivity of both types of tillers. The productivity of the vegetative and the reproductive tillers is discussed in terms of the effect of the competition for incoming light energy between both types of tillers.  相似文献   

Role of Insulin Resistance in the Pathogenesis and Development of Type 2 Diabetes in WBN/Kob-Leprfa Rats     

Akira OKUNO  Noriyuki KAJI  Atsushi TAKAHASHI  Dai NAGAKUBO  Kanako OHNO-ICHIKI  Mitsuyuki SHIRAI  Fumitoshi ASAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2013,75(12):1557-1561

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Dynamics of CD3+ T-cell Distribution Throughout the Estrous Cycle and Gestation in the Bovine Endometrium     

Tomokazu OHTA  Katsuo KOSHI  Koichi USHIZAWA  Misa HOSOE  Toru TAKAHASHI  Takahiro YAMAGUCHI  Keiichiro KIZAKI  Kazuyoshi HASHIZUME 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(6):507-511

T cells are the dominant lymphocytes in the endometrium and are considered to play a crucial role in implantation and in the maintenance of gestation through cytokine production and immune regulation. The mechanisms underlying immunoregulation at the feto-maternal interface are still obscure for this complex system. Understanding the role of T cells is a key factor in understanding the endometrial immune system. In this study, the distribution of endometrial CD3⁺ T cells in bovines was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. The estrous cycle and gestation was divided into 4 stages, and the number of CD3⁺-positive T cells was counted in each stage. CD3⁺ cells were found in the endometrium in significant numbers throughout the estrous cycle and were mostly located in the subepithelial area. The number of CD3⁺ cells significantly increased in the early and mid-luteal phases but decreased after implantation with the progression of gestation. No T cells were found in the placentome or specifically in the tissues near the fetus, including the trophoblastic area. In addition, very few T cells were found in stromal regions close to the myometrium of the endometrium. These findings suggest that downregulation of bovine endometrial CD3⁺ T-cell functions is closely related to the successful maintenance of gestation in a spatiotemporal manner.  相似文献   

Nucleotide polymorphisms and the 5′‐UTR transcriptional analysis of the bovine growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a) gene     

Masanori KOMATSU  Yuki FUJIMORI  Yoichi SATO  Hiroaki OKAMURA  Seiki SASAKI  Tomohito ITOH  Mitsuo MORITA  Ryoichi NAKAMURA  Toshiaki OE  Masako FURUTA  Junpei YASUDA  Takatoshi KOJIMA  Toshio WATANABE  Takeshi HAYASHI  Aduli E.O. MALAU‐ADULI  Hideaki TAKAHASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(5):530-550

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Aluminum solubility of strongly acidified allophanic Andosols from Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Tadashi TAKAHASHI  Ayako MITAMURA  Toyoaki ITO  Kiyoshi ITO  Masami NANZYO  Masahiko SAIGUSA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2008,54(3):362-368

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Synthesis of nicotianamine and deoxymugineic acid is regulated by OsIRO2 in Zn excess rice plants     

Yasuhiro ISHIMARU  Motofumi SUZUKI  Yuko OGO  Michiko TAKAHASHI  Hiromi NAKANISHI  Satoshi MORI  Naoko K. NISHIZAWA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2008,54(3):417-423

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