Prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in dogs in a cross-sectional, community-based study     

Wedley AL  Maddox TW  Westgarth C  Coyne KP  Pinchbeck GL  Williams NJ  Dawson S 《The Veterinary record》2011,168(13):354

The prevalence of carriage of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli was determined in 183 healthy dogs from a semi-rural community in Cheshire. Isolates were tested against a panel of antimicrobials and by PCR to detect resistance genes. In the suspected ESBL-producing isolates, the presence of bla(SHV), bla(TEM), bla(CTX-M) and bla(AmpC) genes was determined by PCR and sequencing. A total of 53 (29 per cent, 95 per cent confidence interval [CI] 22.4 to 35.5 per cent) dogs carried at least one AMR E coli isolate. Twenty-four per cent (95 per cent CI 17.9 to 30.2 per cent) of dogs carried isolates resistant to ampicillin, 19.7 per cent (95 per cent CI 13.9 to 25.4 per cent) to tetracycline and 16.9 per cent (95 per cent CI 11.5 to 22.4 per cent) to trimethoprim. A bla(TEM) gene was detected in 39 of 54 ampicillin-resistant isolates, a tet(B) gene in 12 of 45 tetracycline-resistant isolates, and a dfr gene in 22 of 33 trimethoprim-resistant isolates. Multidrug-resistant isolates were demonstrated in 15 per cent (28 of 183; 95 per cent CI 10.1 to 20.5 per cent) of dogs. Nine suspected ESBL-producing E coli were isolated, of which only one was confirmed by double disc diffusion testing. Two of these isolates carried the bla(TEM-1) gene and seven carried the bla(CMY-2) gene.  相似文献   

Late presentation of canine nasal tumours in a UK referral hospital and treatment outcomes     

S. L. Mason  T. W. Maddox  S. M. Lillis  L. Blackwood 《The Journal of small animal practice》2013,54(7):347-353

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Segmental axonopathy of Merino sheep in New Zealand     

RD Jolly  AC Johnstone  SD Williams  K Zhang  TW Jordan 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):210-217

AIM: To investigate an axonopathy of Merino sheep that caused progressive hindlimb ataxia and slight to moderate paresis, with the purpose of understanding its pathogenesis.

METHODS: Tissues were fixed in buffered paraformaldehyde or paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, processed into wax and epoxy resin, respectively, and examined by light and electron microscopy. Fresh frozen spinal cord and trigeminal nerve roots were subjected to homogenisation, centrifugation and two-dimensional electrophoresis. Selected protein spots were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry.

RESULTS. By light microscopy, there were large pale foamy spheroidal axonal swellings affecting peripheral as well as central axons. By electron microscopy, these were shown to contain many membrane-bound vesicles. The main abnormalities in expressed proteins involved cytoskeletal elements and myosin heavy chain, the latter interpreted as associated with the molecular motor myosin Va.

CONCLUSIONS: The disorder is the same as that described in Merinos in Australia as segmental axonopathy, and believed to have an inherited aetiology. The lesions and protein changes indicate abnormalities of the cytoskeleton, its relationship with the myelin sheath, and myosin Va molecular motor. The consequence appears to be abnormal axonal transport and inability to maintain the integrity of axons and their myelin sheaths.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a multi‐agent chemotherapy protocol combining lomustine,procarbazine and prednisolone (LPP) for the treatment of relapsed canine non‐Hodgkin high‐grade lymphomas          下载免费PDF全文

J.‐B. Tanis  S. L. Mason  T. W. Maddox  L. Blackwood  D. R. Killick  I. Amores‐Fuster  A. Harper  R. Finotello 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2018,16(3):361-369

The standard of care treatment for canine lymphoma is multi‐agent chemotherapy containing prednisolone, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and an anthracycline such as doxorubicin (CHOP) or epirubicin (CEOP). Lomustine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (LOPP) has been evaluated as a rescue, with encouraging results; however, resistance to vincristine is likely in patients relapsing on CHOP/CEOP, and this agent may enhance LOPP toxicity without improving efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate responses to a modified‐LOPP protocol that does not include vincristine (LPP) and is administered on a 21‐day cycle. Medical records of dogs with high‐grade multicentric lymphoma from 2012 to 2017 were reviewed. Dogs with relapsed lymphoma that received LPP as a rescue protocol were enrolled. Response, time from initiation to discontinuation (TTD) and toxicity of LPP were assessed. Forty‐one dogs were included. Twenty‐five dogs (61%) responded to LPP including 12 complete responses (CR) and 13 partial responses (PR). Responders had a significantly longer TTD (P < .001) compared to non‐responders with 84 days for CR and 58 days for PR. Neutropenia was documented in 20 dogs (57%): 12 grade I to II, 8 grade III to IV. Thrombocytopenia was infrequent (20%): 5 grade I to II, 2 grade III to IV. Twelve dogs developed gastrointestinal toxicity (30%): 10 grade I to II and 2 grade III. Nineteen dogs had elevated ALT (59%): 9 grade I to II, 10 grade III to IV. Treatment was discontinued due to toxicity in 8 dogs (19%). The LPP protocol shows acceptable efficacy and toxicity‐profile and minimizes in‐hospital procedures.  相似文献   

Impact of a catastrophic hurricane on island populations     

DA Spiller  JB Losos  TW Schoener 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5377):695-697

Lizard and spider populations were censused immediately before and after Hurricane Lili on islands differentially affected by the storm surge. The results support three general propositions. First, the larger organisms, lizards, are more resistant to the immediate impact of moderate disturbance, whereas the more prolific spiders recover faster. Second, extinction risk is related to population size when disturbance is moderate but not when it is catastrophic. Third, after catastrophic disturbance, the recovery rate among different types of organisms is related to dispersal ability. The absence of the poorer dispersers, lizards, from many suitable islands is probably the result of long-lasting effects of catastrophes.  相似文献   

Self-oriented regular arrays of carbon nanotubes and their field emission properties   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

S Fan  MG Chapline  NR Franklin  TW Tombler  AM Cassell  H Dai 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5401):512-514

The synthesis of massive arrays of monodispersed carbon nanotubes that are self-oriented on patterned porous silicon and plain silicon substrates is reported. The approach involves chemical vapor deposition, catalytic particle size control by substrate design, nanotube positioning by patterning, and nanotube self-assembly for orientation. The mechanisms of nanotube growth and self-orientation are elucidated. The well-ordered nanotubes can be used as electron field emission arrays. Scaling up of the synthesis process should be entirely compatible with the existing semiconductor processes, and should allow the development of nanotube devices integrated into silicon technology.  相似文献   

RETROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF THREE‐DIMENSIONAL CONFORMAL RADIATION THERAPY VS. PREDNISOLONE ALONE IN 30 CASES OF CANINE INFRATENTORIAL BRAIN TUMORS          下载免费PDF全文

Elisabetta Treggiari  Thomas W. Maddox  Rita Gonçalves  Jerome Benoit  Julia Buchholz  Laura Blackwood 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2017,58(1):106-116

Infratentorial tumors are relatively infrequent in dogs and a lack of data makes it difficult to offer prognostic information. Untreated, dogs with these neoplasms have shorter survival times than those with supratentorial tumors. The role of radiation therapy (RT) in the management of infratentorial tumors is poorly defined and tumoral/peritumoral swelling in this site is a potential cause of serious acute side effects. The aim of this retrospective, cohort study was to describe cases of infratentorial tumors treated with fractionated three‐dimensional conformal RT (3D CRT) and glucocorticoids (GC), and compare outcomes and survival with dogs affected by tumors in the same location that received GC alone. Thirty patients with a MRI diagnosis of infratentorial tumors were recruited (15 received RT and GC and 15 GC alone). None had mentation changes at presentation. For both groups, MRI and medical records were reviewed; and factors associated with survival were evaluated with Kaplan–Meier product limit survival and Cox regression analysis. Overall median survival time (MST) was 294 days (95% CI 42–545). The MST in the RT group was 756 days (95% CI 209–1302) vs. 89 days (95% CI 34.7–143.3 days) for those dogs treated palliatively with GC alone. This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). No other factors (including neurological signs, MRI features, tumor volume and total RT dose) were statistically associated with survival in the RT group. This study suggests that 3D CRT offers a survival advantage for dogs with infratentorial tumors compared to GC alone, and significant complications are uncommon.  相似文献   

Percutaneous ultrasound‐guided cholecystocentesis: complications and association of ultrasonographic findings with bile culture results          下载免费PDF全文

F. Schiborra  J. F. McConnell  T. W. Maddox 《The Journal of small animal practice》2017,58(7):389-394

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A review of the characteristics and treatment of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the horse and a case series of MRSA infection in four horses     

T. W. Maddox  C. E. Scantlebury  P. D. Clegg  S. Dawson  G. L. Pinchbeck  N. J. Williams 《Equine Veterinary Education》2010,22(2):91-102

Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging cause of serious bacterial infection in the horse, with an increasing number of cases reported over the last decade. MRSA, along with other commensal staphylococcal species, can reside on the mucosa of several sites in the horse, particularly the nose. Nasal carriage of MRSA appears rare amongst horses in the community, although a higher prevalence has been found in hospitalised horses. MRSA infections can involve a variety of body sites, but most commonly encountered are soft tissue infections of either traumatic or surgical wounds. MRSA strain types isolated from horses are typically multidrug‐resistant and usually differ from those recovered from humans and other small animal species. Treatment of infection can be prolonged and is dependent on timely, accurate diagnosis and on appropriate therapy; often guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The purpose of this review is to provide clinically relevant information for the equine practitioner and, for illustration, the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of 4 clinical cases of MRSA infection in horses is discussed.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a commercially available modified-live Streptococcus equi subsp equi vaccine in ponies     

Borst LB  Patterson SK  Lanka S  Barger AM  Fredrickson RL  Maddox CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2011,72(8):1130-1138

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