Amino acid sequence of proteins induced in Fe-deficient stressed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) roots     

Yoshikuni Masaoka  Mitsuo Chino  Satoshi Mori 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):453-458

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grows well in soils with a moderately high pH and dissolves insoluble iron in the rhizosphere. We have investigated active uptake mechanisms under Fe-deficient nutrient conditions and the effects of Fe-deficiency on plants. Previously, we observed that Fe-deficient alfalfa roots exuded many compounds (Masaoka et al. 1993) such as fiavonoids. We also identified a new compound “alfafuran” which is a phenol compound and is different from organic acids or phytosiderophore-type amino acid derivatives exuded by Fe-deficient plant roots. This compound is also very effective in dissolving ferric phosphate (Noguchi et al. 1994), suggesting that alfalfa may have developed several strategies against Fe-deficient stress including the exudation of organic compounds like alfafuran which accelerate the Fe³⁺-reducing activity on the root cell membrane to dissolve insoluble iron compounds. Suzuki et al. (1995, 1997) observed that in barley several peptide spots obtained by electrophoresis were induced under Fe-deficient stress when mugineic acid-family phytosiderophores were secreted from the roots. They suggested that these peptides control the mugineic acid synthesis and secretion. We examined the peptides induced in Fe-deficient alfalfa roots.  相似文献   

Effect of light intensity on self-feeding of rainbow trout <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis> reared individually     

Kanta Mizusawa  Christopher Noble  Kenta Suzuki  Mitsuo Tabata 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(5):1001-1006

The self-feeding abilities of individually reared rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were investigated under four different light intensities (7×10⁻², 1×10°, 5×10¹, and 7×10² lx). There was no significant effect of light intensity on self-feeder learning ability and food wastage (which did not exceed 0.5%). However, there was high individual variability in the ability irrespective of light intensity. The total number of trigger actuations was significantly higher at 1×10° lx than at 7×10⁻² and 5×10¹ lx. Feeding patterns during the light phase of a day were classified as early or late in relation to the timing of significant peaks in fish feeding, or non-steady. The last pattern was defined when significant peaks were not observed. Under 7×10⁻², 1×10°, or 7×10² lx, a non-steady feeding pattern was the most common. Early feeding appeared only under the 1×10° lx regime with the random pattern, while the late pattern was observed under 7×10⁻², 5×10¹, and 7×10² lx. Under 5×10¹ lx regime half of the fish fed in the afternoon. These results suggest that light intensity can affect the timing of feeding judged from the frequency of pulling bite tags, but does not affect waste or learning period.  相似文献   

Differing body size between the autumn and the winter–spring cohorts of neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) related to the oceanographic regime in the North Pacific: a hypothesis     

Taro Ichii  Kedarnath Mahapatra  Mitsuo Sakai  Denzo Inagake  Yoshihiro Okada 《Fisheries Oceanography》2004,13(5):295-309

The neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii), which is the target of an important North Pacific fishery, is comprised of an autumn and winter–spring cohort. During summer, there is a clear separation of mantle length (ML) between the autumn (ML range: 38–46 cm) and the winter–spring cohorts (ML range: 16–28 cm) despite their apparently contiguous hatching periods. We examined oceanic conditions associated with spawning/nursery and northward migration habitats of the two different‐sized cohorts. The seasonal meridional movement of the sea surface temperature (SST) range at which spawning is thought to occur (21–25°C) indicates that the spawning ground occurs farther north during autumn (28–34°N) than winter–spring (20–28°N). The autumn spawning ground coincides with the Subtropical Frontal Zone (STFZ), characterized by enhanced productivity in winter because of its close proximity to the Transition Zone Chlorophyll Front (TZCF), which move south to the STFZ from the Subarctic Boundary. Hence this area is thought to become a food‐rich nursery ground in winter. The winter–spring spawning ground, on the other hand, coincides with the Subtropical Domain, which is less productive throughout the year. Furthermore, as the TZCF and SST front migrate northward in spring and summer, the autumn cohort has the advantage of being in the SST front and productive area north of the chlorophyll front, whereas the winter–spring cohort remains to the south in a less productive area. Thus, the autumn cohort can utilize a food‐rich habitat from winter through summer, which, we hypothesize, causes its members to grow larger than those in the winter–spring cohort in summer.  相似文献   

Relationship Between Fertility at Foal Heat and Blood Biochemistry Parameters Monitored During the Peripartum Period in Thoroughbred Mares     

Takahiro Aoki  Yoshinobu Inoue  Harutaka Murase  Yo Asai  Yasuo Nambo  Mitsuo Ishii 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

This study aimed to examine fertility at foal heat and its relevance to body condition score (BCS) and blood nutritional metabolites in Thoroughbred mares. Thoroughbred mares foaled from 2006 to 2009 were included and classified into two groups: group C (conception; n = 34), which included mares that conceived during foal heat (within 3 weeks after foaling), and group NC (nonconception; n = 39), which included mares that did not conceive despite mating during their foal heat. BCS and blood samples were obtained 1 month before the expected foaling date and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after foaling. Total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total cholesterol (T-Cho), triglyceride (TG), nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphate (iP), and magnesium (Mg) levels were measured using an automatic clinical chemistry analyzer. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student t-test were used to examine the differences between the two groups. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in any of the above-mentioned parameters at 1 month before the expected foaling date (Student t-test). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in serum levels of TP, Alb, AST, GGT, T-Cho, NEFA, Ca, and Mg and BCS at postpartum periods (repeated measures ANOVA). Serum TG, BUN, and iP levels remained lower in group NC than in group C after foaling (P < .05, repeated measures ANOVA). Although the mechanism by which these nutritional factors affect a decline in reproductive performance remains unclear, our results suggest that blood biochemical tests can detect potential imbalances in nutrition and metabolism, even if there is no difference in BCS.  相似文献   

Nucleotide polymorphisms and the 5′‐UTR transcriptional analysis of the bovine growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a) gene     

Masanori KOMATSU  Yuki FUJIMORI  Yoichi SATO  Hiroaki OKAMURA  Seiki SASAKI  Tomohito ITOH  Mitsuo MORITA  Ryoichi NAKAMURA  Toshiaki OE  Masako FURUTA  Junpei YASUDA  Takatoshi KOJIMA  Toshio WATANABE  Takeshi HAYASHI  Aduli E.O. MALAU‐ADULI  Hideaki TAKAHASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(5):530-550

  相似文献   

Risk factors of infestation by Psoroptes spp. mites in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) at smallholder farms in the Nile Delta region, Egypt     

Sabry A. El-Khodery  Salama A. Osman  Mitsuo Ishii  Magdy H. Al-Gaabary 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(2):275-281

The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence and potential risk factors associated with infestation by Psoroptes spp. mites in buffalo at smallholder farms in the Nile Delta region, Egypt. A total of 318 out of 1234 buffalo in 77 small scale herds were examined. The age of buffalo varied from three months to seven years. In all, 53 (16.66%) buffalo were recorded to be infested; 51 (16.35%) with Psoroptes spp. mites and two cases (0.31%) with Chorioptes spp. mites. Multivariate logistic regression was performed for significant risk factors at univariate analysis on both animal and herd level. The results of multivariate analysis showed that, on the animal level, the prevalence was affected by animal age (P?<?0.01; OR: 0.71; CI 95%: 0.441–1.11), season (P?<?0.01; OR: 1.20; CI 95%:0.541–1.15), indoor management (P?<?0.001; OR: 6.625; CI 95%:2.489 –17.631) and rearing with other animals (P?<?0.01; OR: 2.22; CI 95%:1.340 –7.132). However, on the herd level, the prevalence was affected by indoor rearing (P?<?0.05; OR: 22.4; CI 95%:2.75–16.431), mixed rearing with other animal species (P?<?0.05; OR: 4.5; CI 95%:1.66–7.941), and season (P?<?0.01; OR: 2.3; CI 95%:0.575–2.426). Clinically, mild skin lesions with mild pruritis were significantly prevalent in buffalo with the infestation by Psoroptes spp. mites (P?<?0.001), where 33/51 cases showed mild lesions. Also, psoroptic mites had significant association with inappitence (P?<?0.001). The result of the present study indicates that Psoroptes spp. mites are the most prevalent in buffalo in the Nile Delta Region, Egypt. Moreover, recognition of risk factors associated with mange mites in buffalo may enable the practitioner to establish the most appropriate control measures.  相似文献   

GnRHa-induced spawning of wild-caught jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus     

Mitsuo Nyuji  Kazuki Fujisawa  Yui Imanaga  Hajime Kitano  Akihiko Yamaguchi  Michiya Matsuyama 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(2):251-258

The jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus is a key commercially exploited fish species in Japan. The rearing experiment often provides information that is useful for understanding the reproductive characteristics of wild stocks; however, there has been no study on spawning in captive T. japonicus. In the study reported here, we induced spawning in T. japonicus caught in the wild by hook and line. Females with fully vitellogenic oocytes and males during spermiation were selected by gonadal biopsy and injected with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) mixed in molten coconut butter. This treatment was performed four times in different groups of four females and five to eight males, and each group was maintained in a 3-m³ concrete tank. We observed the first spawning at 1 or 2 days post-injection and collected between 41,690 and 149,450 eggs. Spawning was recorded on 18 consecutive days in one experiment and for 3 days continuously in the other experiments. In the former, spawning ended when the water temperature reached 23 °C and occurred mainly between 2100 and 2400 hours. These results indicate that GnRHa-induced spawning may be useful for evaluating the reproductive characteristics of T. japonicus and obtaining fertilized eggs to conduct larval experiments.  相似文献   

Changes in the expression of pituitary gonadotropin subunits during reproductive cycle of multiple spawning female chub mackerel Scomber japonicus     

Nyuji M  Selvaraj S  Kitano H  Ohga H  Yoneda M  Shimizu A  Kaneko K  Yamaguchi A  Matsuyama M 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2012,38(3):883-897

The endocrine regulation of reproduction in a multiple spawning fish with an asynchronous-type ovary remains largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to monitor changes in the mRNA expression of three gonadotropin (GtH) subunits (GPα, FSHβ, and LHβ) during the reproductive cycle of the female chub mackerel Scomber japonicus. Cloning and subsequent sequence analysis revealed that the cDNAs of chub mackerel GPα, FSHβ, and LHβ were 658, 535, and 599 nucleotides in length and encoded 117, 115, and 147 amino acids, respectively. We applied a quantitative real-time PCR assay to quantify the mRNA expression levels of these GtH subunits. During the seasonal reproductive cycle, FSHβ mRNA levels remained high during the vitellogenic stages, while GPα and LHβ mRNA levels peaked at the end of vitellogenesis. The expression of all three GtH subunits decreased during the post-spawning period. These results suggest that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is involved in vitellogenesis, while luteinizing hormone (LH) functions during final oocyte maturation (FOM). Both GPα and FSHβ mRNA levels remained high during the FOM stages of the spawning cycle and increased further just after spawning. Thus, FSH synthesis may be strongly activated just after spawning to accelerate vitellogenesis in preparation for the next spawning. Alternatively, LHβ mRNA levels declined during hydration and then increased after ovulation. This study demonstrates that chub mackerel are a good model for investigating GtH functions in multiple spawning fish.  相似文献   

Biological soil disinfestation using bioethanol fermentation products: role of residual organic substances     

Mitsuo Horita  Hiroko Kuze Kitamoto 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2015,81(4):304-314

  相似文献   

Hematological and Biochemical Profiles in Peripartum Mares and Neonatal Foals (Heavy Draft Horse)     

Takahiro Aoki  Mitsuo Ishii  DVM  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

Peripartum mares and neonatal foals are physiologically unstable. Although hormonal changes around the parturition have been well studied in the field of endocrinology, hematological and biochemical changes have been studied little. The purpose of this study was to examine hematological and biochemical changes in peripartum mares and neonatal foals (n = 23; heavy draft horse). The number of white and red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, platelet count in peripheral whole blood, and the concentration of glucose, nonesterified fatty acid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, iron, calcium, inorganic phosphate, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chlorine in serum were measured. The main changes observed in peripartum mares suggested the following: (1) dehydration at the foaling, (2) physical stress by the foaling, (3) muscle damage by the foaling, and (4) change of energy metabolism associated with the beginning of lactation. The main changes observed in neonatal foals suggested the following: (1) dehydration (hemoconcentration) at the birth, (2) intake of colostrum, (3) beginning of urination, (4) functional change of hematopoiesis, (5) change of liver metabolism associated with the beginning of enteral nutrition, and (6) change of milk composition. This study revealed hematological and biochemical dynamics in peripartum mares and neonatal foals.  相似文献