A NOTE ON THE INTAKE OF LACTATING EWES AT PASTURE     

N. E. Young  J. E. Newton 《Grass and Forage Science》1974,29(2):117-119

The grass intake of three breeds of ewe was measured in the 5th–7th week (Period 1) and the 9th–11th week (Period 2) of lactation. The breeds of ewe were Finnish Landrace × Scottish Halfbred (FH), Finnish Landrace × Scottish Blackface (FB) and Thornber Colburn Colbred × Scottish Blackface (TC₂). The immature FH ewes had a lower intake of digestible OM (26±1g/kg LW per day) than the mature FB (32±2g/kg LW per day) and TC₂ ewes (33±5g/kg LW per day) in Period 1, but there were no difference between the breeds in Period 2. The intakes in Period 2 were significantly lower than those in Period 1.  相似文献   

The influence of habitat availability and landscape structure on the distribution of wood cricket (Nemobius sylvestris) on the Isle of Wight, UK   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Niels C. Brouwers  Adrian C. Newton 《Landscape Ecology》2009,24(2):199-212

Little information is available regarding the landscape ecology of woodland invertebrate species with limited dispersal ability. An investigation was therefore conducted within woodland fragments in an agricultural landscape for the flightless wood cricket (Nemobius sylvestris) on the Isle of Wight, UK. The current pattern of distribution of the species, established during a field survey, was related to measures of habitat availability and habitat isolation/fragmentation. Results revealed that wood cricket populations were patchily distributed and mainly found in relatively large mature woodland fragments situated closely (<50 m) to another occupied site. Although the occurrence of wood cricket was related to fragment area, isolation, habitat availability and woodland age, a logistic regression model revealed that presence of the species was most accurately predicted by fragment isolation and area alone. These results highlight the vulnerability of relatively immobile woodland invertebrate species, such as wood cricket, to the impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation.  相似文献   

'Cross-protection' and 'cross-reaction' with equine influenza vaccines     

Newton JR  Wood JL  Jessett D  Yates PJ  Mumford JA 《The Veterinary record》1999,145(22):647

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Investigation of suspected adverse reactions following strangles vaccination in horses     

Newton R  Waller A  King A 《The Veterinary record》2005,156(9):291-292

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Testing for antibodies to equine arteritis virus     

Geraghty RJ  Newton JR  Nugent J  Hammond TA 《The Veterinary record》2005,157(17):527-528

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Status, distribution and definition of mycologically important grasslands in Scotland     

A.C. Newton  L.M. Davy  A. Silverside  S.D. Ward 《Biological conservation》2003,111(1):11-23

In northern Europe, unimproved grasslands provide the habitat for a diverse group of fungi, including members of the genera Camarophyllopsis, Hygrocybe, Entoloma and Dermoloma, and the families Clavariaceae and Geoglossaceae. These fungi are currently the focus of international conservation concern, owing to rapid declines in the availability of suitable habitat. To assess their status in Scotland, 621 field surveys were undertaken on a total of 511 sites, distributed throughout the country. Taxa were found to differ substantially in abundance; for example, whereas five Hygrocybe taxa were recorded at a single site, seven taxa were recorded on more than 200 sites. The number of Hygrocybe taxa per site was found to be positively correlated with number of Clavariaceae taxa (r=0.60); however, the total number of Entoloma taxa was poorly correlated with diversity of other groups (r<0.35). Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of field data highlighted variation in composition of fungal communities; in particular, Entoloma taxa were found to cluster together, and were rarely found in association with Geoglossaceae. The data were used to critically examine current approaches to defining the conservation importance of grassland sites on the basis of their mycota. Species accumulation curves indicated that more than 16 visits may be required to fully characterize the fungal diversity of a site. Different groups of fungi also displayed constrasting patterns of seasonal variation in sporome production; peak diversity values for Geoglossaceae and Clavariaceae tended to occur later in the year than for Hygrocybe and Entoloma. Such results indicate that intensive, multiple surveys over prolonged periods are required to accurately define the conservation value of grassland sites. However, these preliminary data suggest that the unimproved grasslands of Scotland are of exceptional importance for fungal conservation, compared with other countries of northern Europe.  相似文献   

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)     

Troxel MT  Vite CH  Van Winkle TJ  Newton AL  Tiches D  Dayrell-Hart B  Kapatkin AS  Shofer FS  Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

Continuous infusion of ketamine in hypovolemic dogs anesthetized with desflurane     

M. Juan C. Duque  DVM  MSc    Almir P. Souza  DVM  DSc    Newton Nunes  DVM  DSc    Cristiane S. Honsho  DVM  DSc    Ívia C. Talieri  DVM  DSc 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2005,15(2):92-99

Objective: To evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects of continuous infusion of ketamine in hypovolemic dogs anesthetized with desflurane. Design: A prospective experimental study. Animals: Twelve mixed breed dogs allocated into 2 groups: saline (n=6) and ketamine (n=6). Interventions: After obtaining baseline measurements (time [T] 0) in awake dogs, hypovolemia was induced by the removal of 40 mL of blood/kg over 30 minutes. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with desflurane (1.5 minimal alveolar concentration) and 30 minutes later (T75) a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion of saline or ketamine (100 μg/kg/min) was initiated. Cardiorespiratory evaluations were obtained 15 minutes after hemorrhage (T45), 30 minutes after desflurane anesthesia, and immediately before initiating the infusion (T75), and 5 (T80), 15 (T90), 30 (T105) and 45 (T120) minutes after beginning the infusion. Measurements and main results: Hypovolemia (T45) reduced the arterial blood pressures (systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure [DAP] and mean arterial pressure [MAP]), cardiac (CI) and systolic (SI) indexes, and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) in both groups. After 30 minutes of desflurane anesthesia (T75), an additional decrease of MAP in both groups was observed, heart rate was higher than T0 at T75, T80, T90 and T105 in saline‐treated dogs only, and the CI was higher in the ketamine group than in the saline group at T75. Five minutes after starting the infusion (T80), respiratory rate (RR) was lower and the end‐tidal CO₂ (ETCO₂) was higher compared with values at T45 in ketamine‐treated dogs. Mean values of ETCO₂ were higher in ketamine than in saline dogs between T75 and T120. The systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) was decreased between T80 and T120 in ketamine when compared with T45. Conclusions: Continuous IV infusion of ketamine in hypovolemic dogs anesthetized with desflurane induced an increase in ETCO₂, but other cardiorespiratory alterations did not differ from those observed when the same concentration of desflurane was used as the sole anesthetic agent. However, this study did not evaluate the effectiveness of ketamine infusion in reducing desflurane dose requirements in hypovolemic dogs or the cardiorespiratory effects of ketamine–desflurane balanced anesthesia.  相似文献   

Modelling and FMD     

Green L  Wood J  Newton R  Mellor D  Menzies F  Kelly L  Peeler E 《The Veterinary record》2002,151(13):394-395

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Diversity and Complexity of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei Collected from Barley Cultivar Mixtures or Barley Plots Treated with a Resistance Elicitor     

Adrian C. Newton  Christine A. Hackett  David C. Guy 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(9):925-931

Powdery mildew populations were analysed to determine the effects of a resistance elicitor and cultivar mixtures on genetic complexity and diversity. Isolations were made from a range of spring barley monocultures and mixtures in a field trial, and characterised for virulence and RAPD profile. In a second trial, isolates were taken from a single mixture from untreated and resistance elicitor-treated areas and from the components of the mixture in monoculture. The mildew population was not only highly heterogeneous for virulence characteristics, but also proved heterogeneous within pathotypes for molecular markers, indicating the major impact of sexual recombination on population structure and the lack of clonal dominance. Various diversity measurements were compared and the value of dissimilarity measurement for revealing genetic distance within a population was highlighted. There was a trend towards increasing complexity as the season progressed, but there was no consistent relationship between cultivar or mixture, disease control treatment, fertiliser treatment, replicate or position in trial, and pathogen genotype. Whilst the resistance elicitor did reduce mildew by 78% in the first trial, and there was no interaction with fertiliser level in its expression, control was substantially less in the second trial. There were no differences between mildew isolates from elicitor and control treatments. It was felt that more effective and consistent resistance elicitors need to be developed before it can be stated that they are unlikely to be eroded by selecting resistant or adapted mildew genotypes.  相似文献