Cortisol response to road transport stress in calm and nervous stallions     

Esterina Fazio  Pietro Medica  Cristina Cravana  Adriana Ferlazzo 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2013,8(4):231-237

Cortisol may be useful as a marker in predicting how an animal will respond to stressful stimuli, thus providing information on animal's temperament. To quantify the level of transport stress and the effect of temperament on the adrenocortical response, the change in circulating cortisol levels was evaluated in 84 healthy experienced thoroughbred and crossbred stallions, mean age 11.4 ± 4.5 years old, after road transport in a commercial trailer (6 horses per load, stocking density: 2 m²/horse), over mean distances of 210 ± 11.8 km for about 3 hours. Several experienced caretakers were asked to complete 2 questionnaires, one that used a 5-point scale to subjectively evaluate temperament and another that used a 3-point scale to assess tendencies in response to ordinary care and daily management. The scores for the latter were defined as follows: a score of 1 indicated that the horse had never or rarely troubled the caretaker during management, 2 occasionally, and 3 usually. On this basis, the subjects were distinguished between calm and nervous stallions. Blood samples were taken same daytime (8.00 am), in single box, immediately before loading, then after transport and unloading. Serum cortisol concentrations were analyzed in duplicate by immunoenzymatic assay. Compared with basal levels, cortisol increases were observed in both calm (P < 0.001) and nervous (P < 0.05) stallions after transport. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant effects of transport on cortisol changes (P < 0.001). Nervous subjects showed lower (P < 0.01) cortisol levels than did calm subjects after transport, and basal cortisol levels did not differ between calm and nervous subjects. No significant differences (P > 0.05) between different age, breed, and orientation were detected.The results showed that temperament could influence the adrenocortical responses of stallions after short-term transportation. The presence of the same staff for handling, loading, confinement, and unloading, the same veterinarian taking all blood samples, and the presence of cospecifics did not reduce the response to short transport stress both in calm and nervous stallions already accustomed to transport. Lower cortisol concentrations in nervous subjects might be because of failure of the adrenal cortex to respond normally to transport stress. Moreover, signs of transport stress were less pronounced in nervous stallions.  相似文献   

A Case of Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma in a Mare     

Diana Binanti  Giovanni Stancari  Eleonora Fantinato  Enrica Zucca  Davide Danilo Zani  Giuseppe Sironi  Francesco Ferrucci  Pietro Riccaboni 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

A case of pulmonary carcinoma in a 23-year-old Quarterhorse mare is described. On physical examination, depression, poor body condition, tachypnea, bilateral serosanguineous nasal discharge and a wide area of reduced breath sounds in association with the right hemithorax were detected. Laboratory evaluation showed leukocytosis with neutrophilia and lymphopenia, hyperfibrinogenemia, hyperprotidemia, hypoalbuminemia, increased beta 2 and gamma globulin fractions, hypoxemia, and normocapnia. Radiography and thoracic ultrasonography revealed a large rounded mass extending from the 9th to the 14th right intercostal space, where neither bronchial nor vascular structures were detectable. Endoscopy showed a large amount of serosanguineous fluid within the tracheal lumen and a mass of reddish soft tissue completely obliterating the right caudal lobar bronchus. Histopathology of the endobronchial mass and of the transthoracic ultrasound-guided biopsy samples was consistent with a primary pulmonary epithelial tumor. Due to worsening of the clinical condition, the mare was euthanized. Postmortem examination confirmed the presence of a large 30-cm mass located in the right caudal pulmonary lobe, characterized by epithelial cells arranged in papillary projections and alveolar structures, findings consistent with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.  相似文献   

Application of a low-cost camera on a UAV to estimate maize nitrogen-related variables     

Corti  Martina  Cavalli  Daniele  Cabassi  Giovanni  Vigoni  Antonio  Degano  Luigi  Marino Gallina  Pietro 《Precision Agriculture》2019,20(4):675-696

Precision Agriculture - The development of small unmanned aerial vehicles and advances in sensor technology have made consumer digital cameras suitable for the remote sensing of vegetation. In this...  相似文献   

Antioxidant properties of sour cherries (Prunus cerasus L.): role of colorless phytochemicals from the methanolic extract of ripe fruits     

Piccolella S  Fiorentino A  Pacifico S  D'Abrosca B  Uzzo P  Monaco P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(6):1928-1935

Many edible plant metabolites are known to be useful as cellular antioxidants. In the search for antioxidative chemicals from native fruits of the Campania region of Italy, Prunus cerasus L., an acidic cherry widely used for culinary purposes, has been studied. Fruit crude extracts (MeOH, EtOAc, and hexane) were submitted to an antioxidative screening using specific assay media characterized from the presence of highly reactive radical species (DPPH*, ABTS*+, O2*-, NO) or lipoperoxidation markers. The reducing power of the samples was also determined. It was observed that the most polar extracts in MeOH and EtOAc were able to exercise a massive and dose-increasing antioxidative capacity. The peculiar efficacy of the same extracts was revealed by investigating their protein and deoxyribose oxidation capacity. A preliminary analysis of total phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents together with biological screening data put the basis on P. cerasus fruit phytochemical investigation of methanolic extract. Twenty secondary metabolites were isolated and characterized by spectroscopic (especially 1D and 2D NMR) and spectrometric techniques. 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-ethanediol-1,2-bis-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methanol-1-O-beta-D-gentiobioside (4), epicatechin-3-malate (14), and epicatechin-3-(1'-methyl)malate (15) were isolated for the first time. All of the compounds were evaluated for their radical scavenging activity on DPPH*, O2*-, and NO. Flavonoids and quinic acid derivatives were found to be the more antioxidative substances.  相似文献   

Cross-sectional study on acrylamide hemoglobin adducts in subpopulations from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study     

Vesper HW  Slimani N  Hallmans G  Tjønneland A  Agudo A  Benetou V  Bingham S  Boeing H  Boutron-Ruault MC  Bueno-de-Mesquita HB  Chirlaque D  Clavel-Chapelon F  Crowe F  Drogan D  Ferrari P  Johansson I  Kaaks R  Linseisen J  Lund E  Manjer J  Mattiello A  Palli D  Peeters PH  Rinaldi S  Skeie G  Trichopoulou A  Vineis P  Wirfält E  Overvad K  Strömberg U 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(15):6046-6053

Acrylamide exposure was investigated in subgroups of the EPIC study population (510 subjects from 9 European countries, randomly selected and stratified by age, gender, and smoking status) using hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide (HbAA) and its primary metabolite glycidamide (HbGA). Blood samples were analyzed for HbAA and HbGA by HPLC/MS/MS. Statistical models for HbAA and HbGA were developed including body mass index (BMI), educational level, and physical activity. A large variability in acrylamide exposure and metabolism between individuals and country groups was observed with HbAA and HbGA values ranging between 15-623 and 8-377 pmol/g of Hb, respectively. Both adducts differed significantly by country, sex, and smoking status. HbGA values were significantly lower in high alcohol consumers than in moderate consumers. With increasing BMI, HbGA in nonsmokers and HbAA in smokers decreased significantly. In the assessment of potential health effects related to acrylamide exposure, country of origin, BMI, alcohol consumption, sex, and smoking status should be considered.  相似文献   

Weak effects of habitat type on susceptibility to invasive freshwater species: an Italian case study          下载免费PDF全文

Angela Boggero  Alberto Basset  Martina Austoni  Enrico Barbone  Luca Bartolozzi  Isabella Bertani  Alessandro Campanaro  Antonella Cattaneo  Fabio Cianferoni  Giuseppe Corriero  Ambrosius Martin Dörr  A. Concetta Elia  Gentile Francesco Ficetola  Lyudmila Kamburska  Gianandrea La Porta  Sara Lauceri  Alessandro Ludovisi  Elda Gaino  Enzo Goretti  Massimo Lorenzoni  Marina Manca  Aldo Marchetto  Giuseppe Morabito  Francesco Nonnis Marzano  Alessandro Oggioni  Cataldo Pierri  Nicoletta Riccardi  Giampaolo Rossetti  Nicola Ungaro  Pietro Volta  Silvia Zaupa  Diego Fontaneto 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2014,24(6):841-852

Allozyme variation in the springtails Allacma fusca and A. gallica (Collembola, Sminthuridae)     

Pietro P. Fanciulli  Antonio Carapelli  Massimo Belloni  Romano Dallai  Francesco Frati 《Pedobiologia》2009,52(5):309-324

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Residues of a Triazole Fungicide in Soil After 4 Years of Application to Sugar Beet     

Luigi Lucini  Paloma Magistrati  Gian Pietro Molinari 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,202(1-4):13-18

An experimental study to investigate the potential soil accumulation of the triazole fungicide difenoconazole in soil was carried out in northwestern Italy. The fungicide was applied to sugar beet for 4 years with three applications per year at a rate of 75 g ha^?1 each, according to formulated product recommended use. Soil cores were collected each year before the first application, after each application and at harvest of the crop. The soil samples were then split into 0–10 and 10–40 cm depth layers, extracted and quantitatively analysed by gas chromatography for difenoconazole residues. The study evidenced that difenoconazole residues could be detected in the upper soil layer only, in quantities detectable after several applications (0.14 to 0.32 mg kg^?1 after the third application) which then become undetectable the following year. It can be concluded, therefore, that difenoconazole does not accumulate in soil.  相似文献   

Not in my backyard: effectiveness of outdoor residual spraying from hand‐held sprayers against the mosquito Aedes albopictus in Rome,Italy          下载免费PDF全文

Mattia Manica  Pietro Cobre  Roberto Rosà  Beniamino Caputo 《Pest management science》2017,73(1):138-145

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Closed cycle subirrigation with low concentration nutrient solution can be used for soilless tomato production in saline conditions     

Francesco Montesano  Angelo Parente  Pietro Santamaria 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

Closed cycle soilless techniques can be adopted to minimize water and fertilizer losses in greenhouse cultivation. There is a general lack of information regarding the soilless cultivation of vegetables with closed cycle subirrigation techniques, specifically when using saline water. In this study, a trough bench subirrigation system (SUB), with two fertilizer concentrations (“100%”, containing 9.8 mol m⁻³ N-NO₃, 1.6 mol m⁻³ P-H₂PO₄, 8.7 mol m⁻³ K⁺, 2.8 mol m⁻³ Ca⁺, 1.8 mol m⁻³ Mg⁺, 4 mol m⁻³ S-SO₄, and “70%”, containing 70% of the macronutrient concentration) in the nutrient solution (NS), was compared with open cycle drip-irrigation (DRIP with “100%” NS). For all the three treatments, NS was prepared using rain water (0.05 dS m⁻¹) and adding NaCl (1 g L⁻¹), in order to simulate moderate saline irrigation water. The effect of the treatments on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant growth, yield, fruit quality, water use efficiency (WUE) and fertilizer consumption was evaluated. Substrate and recirculating NS composition were also studied. Subirrigation, regardless of NS concentration, reduced plant height (by 30 cm), leaf area (by 1411 cm²), total fresh and dry weight (by 429 and 48.5 g plant⁻¹, respectively) but not dry matter percentage of the whole plant, with respect to DRIP. Yield was reduced when plants were subirrigated with the higher concentrated NS, but no differences with open cycle DRIP were recorded when the lower NS concentration was used in SUB. Fruit quality was not affected by irrigation system or NS concentration. The higher WUE was obtained with subirrigation. NaCl accumulated similarly over the crop cycle in recirculating NS of both SUB treatments and in growing substrates of all the three treatments. Higher salt concentration was found in subirrigated substrates, in particular in the upper part of the substrate profile. Fertilizers accumulated in the subirrigated substrates when the higher NS concentration was used, but not when the NS concentration was reduced by 30%. The results of this study indicate that tomato can be grown successfully in a closed cycle subirrigation system, using saline water, by reducing the fertilizer NS concentration normally used with traditional open cycle systems.  相似文献