The Iron Ore Market in the Sino-Brazilian Trade     

ANELISE REZENDE DE MORAES 《山东饲料》2013,(14):60-61

China has required a large quantity of commodities in order to keep with its economic growth path,driven by large exports,rapid urbanization and investment in fixed assets.Commodities exporter countries have benefited from China ’s immense"hunger"for commodities,especially during the 2000s.Brazil,for instance,has emerged in this scenario as one of the largest iron ore producers and exporters.However,the cooling down of the Chinese economy has brought doubts to the iron ore industry,which may remain strong in near future but one cannot claim for certain whether or not this trend will remain this positive in the long run.  相似文献   

牦牛粪便对高寒草甸群落多样性及生产力的影响     

德科加  张德罡  芦光新  钱武 《草原与草坪》2013,(6):9-13

研究了4个不同施牦牛粪便的处理对高寒草句植物群落多样性和生产力的短期影响。结果表明,（1）处理S1,S2和s3的植物群落盖度显著高于对照（SO）（P〈0．05）,各处理的植物群落高度与对照（SO）相比都呈上升趋势,且S3与S0差异显著（P〈0．05）;（2）处理S1、S2和S3的Pielou均匀度指数与sO相比逐渐下降,且S2与sO有显著差异（P〈0．05）。处理S1、s2和S3的Shannon—Wiener物种多样性指数与S0相比逐渐下降,且S2与S0差异极显著（P〈0．01）。而Simpson物种多样性指数的变化则表现为无规律性。（3）施牦牛粪便后植物群落的地上总生物量出现增加趋势,且S2,S3与s0间达到差异显著（P〈0．05）。  相似文献   

DIE INVLOED VAN RADIALE HARSGEïNFILTREERDE KERNSKEURE OP DIE GESAAGDE OPBRENGS UIT PINUS ELLIOTTII ENGELM.-SAAGBLOKKE / THE EFFECT OF RADIAL RESIN-INFILTRATED SPLITS ON THE YIELD OF SAWN TIMBER FROM PINUS ELLIOTTII ENGELM. SAWLOGS     

F. S. MALAN  A. M. DE VILLIERS 《Southern Forests》2013,75(1):47-57

A number of complaints, regarding the presence of resin-infiltrated splits in seasoned boards produced from Pinus elliottii sawlogs supplied from certain stands in State Forests, led to an investigation to determine the incidence of the defect and to find possible causes.

This paper deals mainly with the study of the first aspect. In the investigation two samples of stems were selected by a semi-random method from one mature stand, being clearfelled, in Entabeni State Forest (Northern Transvaal) and from three stands receiving, or due to receive, their fifth thinning. The clearfelling and thinning had produced logs containing heart shakes and this had given rise to the complaints.

During log preparation it was attempted to prepare as much as possible of the stem length into the longest sawlogs, working as closely as possible to the maximum limits for sweep and knots allowed by the departmental log specifications. This attempt resulted in the preparation of some logs containing slightly more than the permissible defects. Observations were made on stump surfaces of the orientation of shakes, and on log ends of their occurrence higher up in the stem, in an attempt to find a link between shake orientation and the known direction of strong winds, and to determine the height in the stem to which shakes extended from the stump. The orientation study produced no definite proof that wind was responsible, although there were strong indications.

This was followed by sowings up the logs mainly into structural timber, kiln seasoning and grading in two ways, viz A ignoring the resin-infiltrated checks and splits but taking all other defects pertinent to the relevant grades into consideration, and B taking all defects, including the checks and splits into consideration (Table 4). During the grading further measurements were taken on boards containing splits, to determine to what heights in the stem the shakes extended.

From the grading results, total and graded yields of sawn timber were computed, the differences in yields between the two grading procedures being a measure of the incidence and seriousness of the shake defect. Within log classes, (see footnote to Table 2) the yields obtained separately for each 2 cm top U.B. diameter class into which the logs had been segregated prior to sawing, were weighted according to the percentage size distributions of the logs yielded by the clearfelling and thinning operations in the relevant compartments, to obtain a weighted average for the log class.

The heights to which shakes were present in the stems of the two samples are shown in Table 3(a) while their incidence in logs of the various size classes are shown in Table 3(b). It is seen that shakes were more frequent and serious in the larger logs.

The presence of shake in the log samples, taken as a whole, caused only minimal yield losses (Table 4) but had the effect of somewhat reducing average board length (Table 5). However, sawn and graded yields are still excellent and the species should not be discriminated against in afforestation, because of the sporadic occurrence of the defect.

The yield figures should be of some value to sawmillers processing both normal and shake-containing logs of this species.  相似文献   

Discussion on bovine leptospiral abortion     

W.A. Te Punga  W.H. Bishop 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(2):52-54

Extract

The outbreak to be described occurred in the autumn of 1957 in a mob of 18-month-old wether hoggets. The property concerned was situated in the Wairarapa close to Masterton, and consisted of light stony soil with pastures that were poor and largely run out. The hoggets had been purchased 9 months previously and had been grazed on the property throughout this time.  相似文献   

An indirect haemagglutination test for the detection of Vibrio fetus antibodies     

W.A. Te Punga B.Sc. B.V.Sc. Dip.Bact. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):157-164

Abstract

Extract

Indirect bacterial haemagglutination was first reported by Keogh et al. (1947 Keogh, E. V., North, E. A. and Warburton, M. F. 1947. Nature (Lond.), 160: 63–63.  [Google Scholar]). It depends on the adsorption of bacterial antigens to the surface of red blood cells rendering them agglutinable in the presence of homologous bacterial antibody. A comprehensive review by Neter (1956 Neter, E. 1956. Bact. Rev., 20: 166–166.  [Google Scholar]) summarizes the methods used and results achieved with various bacterial antigens. Biberstein (1955 Biberstein, E. L. 1955. Cornell Vet., 46: 144–144.  [Google Scholar]) used an adaption of Neter's method of antigen preparation in studying the antigenic relationships of Vibrio species. The objects of the present studywere to determine whether an erythrocyte adsorbable antigen could be obtained from Vibrio fetus, to compare its sensitivity with a formalinized bacterial antigen, and to study its application to the detection of antibodies in bovine vaginal mucus. The work will be described in two sections, the first dealing with the preparation and properties of sheep red cells modified with material derived :from V. fetus, and the second with the detection of antibodies in bovine vaginal mucus.  相似文献   

A Five-Day Progesterone Plus eCG-Based Fixed-Time AI Protocol Improves Fertility Over Spontaneous Estrus in High-Producing Dairy Cows Under Heat Stress     

Irina GARCIA-ISPIERTO  M. Angels ROSELLó  Fabio DE RENSIS  Fernando LóPEZ-GATIUS 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(6):544-548

This study compared the efficiency of a five-day or standard (nine-day) progesterone-based regimen combined with equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) in a fixed-time AI (FTAI) protocol for dairy cows. The data examined were derived from 3577 inseminations conducted in three dairy herds. Animals with no estrus signs detected over 21 days were randomly assigned to a PRID-9 or PRID-5 group. Cows in each group received a progesterone intravaginal device (PRID) for 9 or 5 days, respectively, PGF_2α and eCG on PRID removal, and GnRH 48 h later. Fixed-time AI was performed 12 h after the GnRH dose. Cows artificially inseminated following spontaneous estrus during the study period were considered as controls. Based on the odds ratio, the likelihoods of animals in PRID-9 in the warm (conception rate [CR] of 22.3%) and cool (32% CR) periods, and control animals in the warm period (26.6% CR) becoming pregnant were reduced (by factors of 0.6, 0.3 and 0.4, respectively) compared with the control animals in the cool period (CR of 43.7%). The risk of a twin pregnancy was higher (51.4%) for cystic PRID-9 cows (by a factor of 3.6) and lower (9.9%) for cyclic PRID-5 animals (by a factor of 0.4) compared with the PRID-9 cyclic cows. These findings indicate that the proposed protocol achieves similar results during the cool or warm season to those obtained when AI is conducted at spontaneous estrus during the cool season. In addition, PRID-5 reduced twin pregnancy compared with PRID-9.  相似文献   

水氮运筹对化学封顶棉花二次生长的影响     

王蜜蜂  康正华  张特  赵强 《新疆农业科学》2019,56(6):992-1002

【目的】研究水氮运筹对化学封顶棉花二次生长形态及发生规律,优化水肥调控结合化学封顶技术,有效控制棉花二次生长,为塑造棉花株型、调控采收的吐絮时间奠定理论与技术基础。【方法】以新陆早57号为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,主区为施氮(纯 N)量,设3个施氮(纯 N)水平:N1、N2、N3分别为150、300、450 kg/hm²,副区为灌溉量,设3个灌水水平:W1、W2、W3分别为3 000 、4 500、6 000 m³/hm²。分析水氮处理对化学封顶棉花二次生长前后农艺性状、干物质积累及产量和纤维品质的影响。【结果】灌水量增加延长棉花生育期,增加棉花植株株高、果枝数、二次生长率;施氮量(是)控制棉花干物质和产量形成因素。灌水处理为4 500和6 000 m³/hm²时,化学封顶棉花株高和果枝台数较高,易发生二次生长;施氮量在300 kg/hm²时,产量及其构成均高于其他。水氮处理组合以处理N2W2、N2W3表现较优,产量分别为6 349.21、6 203.54 kg/hm²。【结论】对化学打顶棉花,适当水氮运筹可控制棉花二次生长现象,且对棉花产量及品质无显著影响。  相似文献   

基于大数据视域下农业科研院所行政管理体系的改革探究     

李特 《农业科技管理》2019,(5):93-96

在现代化的农业科研院所行政管理体系中,融入信息化、便捷化、数字化的大数据理念,可使该体系能够提供更全面、更细致的管理服务,提高行政管理的精准性和管理效率。文章阐述了大数据可助推农业科研院所行政管理体系多元共治的结构创新、有助于优化农业科研院所行政管理体系中的资源配置机制,分析了大数据时代背景下农业科研院所行政管理的现状,从思想观念、管理方式、人事制度、财务体系、行政服务等角度,探讨基于大数据视域下的农业科研院所行政管理体系创新途径。  相似文献   

不同光质处理对枫香幼苗叶色的影响          下载免费PDF全文

王冬雪  孙海菁  德永军  史久西 《林业科学研究》2019,32(4):158-164

[目的]从生理生化角度揭示不同光质处理对枫香家系叶色变化的影响,为探索枫香叶色对光质的响应机理提供参考。[方法]以2个枫香家系的1年生幼苗为试验材料,测定其在不同光质处理下叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花青素、可溶性糖、类黄酮和苯丙氨酸解氨酶的含量并分析其相关性。[结果]结果表明:试验后2个枫香家系叶色较处理前有一定程度的变化。红光处理组枫香幼苗叶片叶绿素含量显著高于其它处理组,而蓝光处理组叶片叶绿素含量则显著低于其它处理组。蓝光处理后,2个枫香家系叶片花青素含量较对照有显著提高,而红光处理则减少了叶片花青素含量。同时蓝光处理能显著提高枫香幼苗叶片类胡萝卜素、可溶性糖和类黄酮含量以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活力,红光处理效果较对照无显著差异。方差分析表明,不同光质处理对枫香幼苗叶片叶绿素含量影响显著,而对花青素量和类胡萝卜素含量影响不显著。[结论]2个枫香家系叶色在光质处理下有相同的变化趋势,红光处理可以促进枫香幼苗叶片叶绿素合成;蓝光处理可以促进枫香幼苗叶片积累更多的花青素。  相似文献   

植物顶端有限生长相关基因与基因编辑育种研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭品品  任钢  李重  曾少华  德塔娜  王瑛 《热带作物学报》2019,40(10):2016-2021

随着劳动力成本的增加,农作物的采收将逐步从人工采收过渡到机械采收,因此培育紧凑、矮化、果实成熟集中、耐密植、适宜机械化操作的新品种已成为作物遗传改良的主要目标。本文重点综述了不同物种FT及其同源基因对植物成花的调控功能,植株顶端的无限生长和有限生长的控制基因及其功能研究进展,以及通过基因编辑促进顶端成花进而导致植株顶端由无限营养生长转变为有限生殖生长,进一步介绍了通过多基因同时编辑的方法推动植物株型改变并培育新品种的成功案例。植株顶端成花和有限生长的特性可以促进果实的统一成熟,为适宜机械化采收的株型育种提供理论支持和实践指导。  相似文献