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61.
M. C. Smith J. H. Massey J. Branson J. W. Epting D. Pennington P. L. Tacker J. Thomas E. D. Vories C. Wilson 《Irrigation Science》2007,25(2):141-147
Rice irrigation-water use was estimated in Mississippi (MS) and Arkansas (AR) in 2003 and 2004. Irrigation inputs were compared
on naturally sloping (i.e. contour-levee system) and mechanically graded fields. In MS, rice production consumed, on average,
895 mm water, but irrigation inputs were greatly affected by production system. Contour-levee systems accounted for 35% of
the production area and consumed 1,034 mm irrigation. Fields mechanically graded to a consistent slope of approximately 0.1%
(i.e. straight-levee systems) consumed 856 mm irrigation and accounted for 60% of the production area. Fields devoid of slope
(i.e. zero-grade system) accounted for 5% of the production area and consumed 382 mm irrigation. In AR, contour-levee rice
production consumed 789 mm compared to 653 mm with a straight-levee system. Using low pressure, thin wall (9–10 mil) disposable
irrigation tubing to deliver water to each paddy independently reduced irrigation inputs by 28% in MS and 11% in AR when compared
to a single-point (levee-gate) distribution system. 相似文献
62.
The strategy and synthetic efforts leading to efficient stereoselective syntheses of thiangazole, a tris-thiazolinyl-oxazole metabolite isolated from Polyangium spp., and of hydantocidin, a spironucleoside metabolite isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, are discussed. 相似文献
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Nilsson Anna L. K. Skaugen Thomas Reitan Trond L’Abée-Lund Jan Henning Gamelon Marlène Jerstad Kurt Røstad Ole Wiggo Slagsvold Tore Stenseth Nils C. Vøllestad L. Asbjørn Walseng Bjørn 《BMC ecology》2020,20(1):1-12
While nitrogen and carbon stable isotope values can reflect ecological segregation, prey choice and spatial distribution in seabirds, the interpretation of bulk stable isotope values is frequently hampered by a lack of isotopic baseline data. In this study, we used compound-specific isotope analyses of amino acids (CSIA-AA) to overcome this constraint and to study interspecific differences, seasonal and historical changes in trophic positions of five seabird species, three penguins and two petrels, from a sub-Antarctic seabird community. CSIA-AA allowed comparing trophic positions of seabirds with temperate and polar distributions. Gentoo and Magellanic penguins had the highest trophic positions during the breeding season (3.7 and 3.9), but decreased these (2.9 and 3.3) during the feed-up for moult. Intra-specific differences were also detected in Thin-billed prions, where carbon isotope values clearly separated individuals with polar and temperate distributions, both in the breeding and interbreeding periods. Thin-billed prions that foraged in polar waters had lower trophic positions (3.2) than conspecifics foraging in temperate waters (3.8). We further investigated historical changes by comparing museum samples with samples collected recently. Our pilot study suggests that Rockhopper penguins, Magellanic penguins and Thin-billed prions with temperate non-breeding distributions had retained their trophic levels over a 90–100 year period, while Gentoo penguins and Thin-billed prions with polar non-breeding distributions had decreased trophic levels compared to historical samples. In contrast, Wilson’s storm-petrels had slightly increased trophic levels compared to samples taken in 1924–1930. We applied compound-specific stable isotope analyses across a range of contexts, from intra-specific comparisons between stages of the breeding cycle to inter-specific seabird community analysis that would not have been possible using bulk stable isotope analyses alone due to differences in isotopic baselines. 相似文献
65.
Marilia Barreca Virginia Span Alessandra Montalbano Mercedes Cueto Ana R. Díaz Marrero Irem Deniz Ayegül Erdoan Lada Luki Bilela Corentin Moulin Elisabeth Taffin-de-Givenchy Filippo Spriano Giuseppe Perale Mohamed Mehiri Ana Rotter Olivier P. Thomas Paola Barraja Susana P. Gaudêncio Francesco Bertoni 《Marine drugs》2020,18(12)
The marine environment is a rich source of biologically active molecules for the treatment of human diseases, especially cancer. The adaptation to unique environmental conditions led marine organisms to evolve different pathways than their terrestrial counterparts, thus producing unique chemicals with a broad diversity and complexity. So far, more than 36,000 compounds have been isolated from marine micro- and macro-organisms including but not limited to fungi, bacteria, microalgae, macroalgae, sponges, corals, mollusks and tunicates, with hundreds of new marine natural products (MNPs) being discovered every year. Marine-based pharmaceuticals have started to impact modern pharmacology and different anti-cancer drugs derived from marine compounds have been approved for clinical use, such as: cytarabine, vidarabine, nelarabine (prodrug of ara-G), fludarabine phosphate (pro-drug of ara-A), trabectedin, eribulin mesylate, brentuximab vedotin, polatuzumab vedotin, enfortumab vedotin, belantamab mafodotin, plitidepsin, and lurbinectedin. This review focuses on the bioactive molecules derived from the marine environment with anticancer activity, discussing their families, origin, structural features and therapeutic use. 相似文献
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Seyedeh Masoumeh Fotoukkiaii Zoë Tan Wenxin Xue Nicky Wybouw Thomas Van Leeuwen 《Pest management science》2020,76(3):1154-1163
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Saeid Mobini Hamid Khazaei Thomas D. Warkentin Albert Vandenberg 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(6):1181-1189
The aim of this study was to reduce the length of the breeding cycle for faba bean by accelerating seed setting. We examined the mode and time of exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (cytokinin) application, and cold treatments and their combinations in two faba bean genotypes. Acropetal node number of pod and seed set and pollen viability were recorded during the experiments. Application of BAP improved pollen germination. The application of 10–5 M BAP 4 days after flowering increased seed set at the lower nodes. Cold treatment (8/4°C day/night for 2 days) after the onset of flowering induced the formation of more pods and faster pod set compared to the non-cold treatment. The time to first seed was significantly reduced, and pollen viability was increased in plants exposed to cold treatment. Increased pollen viability also showed a significant positive correlation with seed setting. The combinations of 10–5 BAP and cold treatment together had similar and independent effects. These results will accelerate plant breeding in faba bean by providing additional tools for reducing generation time. 相似文献