ESCRT-III governs the Aurora B-mediated abscission checkpoint through CHMP4C     

Carlton JG  Caballe A  Agromayor M  Kloc M  Martin-Serrano J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6078):220-225

The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery plays an evolutionarily conserved role in cytokinetic abscission, the final step of cell division where daughter cells are physically separated. Here, we show that charged multivesicular body (MVB) protein 4C (CHMP4C), a human ESCRT-III subunit, is involved in abscission timing. This function correlated with its differential spatiotemporal distribution during late stages of cytokinesis. Accordingly, CHMP4C functioned in the Aurora B-dependent abscission checkpoint to prevent both premature resolution of intercellular chromosome bridges and accumulation of DNA damage. CHMP4C engaged the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) via interaction with Borealin, which suggested a model whereby CHMP4C inhibits abscission upon phosphorylation by Aurora B. Thus, the ESCRT machinery may protect against genetic damage by coordinating midbody resolution with the abscission checkpoint.  相似文献   

Phenotypic characteristics and virulence genotypes of Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes strains isolated from European bison (Bison bonasus)     

Rzewuska M  Stefańska I  Osińska B  Kizerwetter-Świda M  Chrobak D  Kaba J  Bielecki W 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,159(1-2):69-76

In a breeding and fattening pig farm an increasing number of cases of abortion and generalized mycobacteriosis at slaughter occurred. Pathological findings compatible with mycobacteriosis, acid-fast organisms in tissues, and isolation of mycobacteria from tissue samples including fetuses, lungs and reproductive organs from sows, genital swabs, mesenteric lymph nodes, and from a sperm sample revealed the cause of the disease. Bacterial cultures were identified as Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis using IS901-/IS1245-specific PCR. Genotyping of selected isolates from animals as well as from their environment by MIRU-VNTR analysis showed that the herd was infected with one single outbreak strain. The same genotype was also isolated from pigs of two other farms which showed comparable symptoms and were in direct contact with the index farm as well as from their environment. Immunological host responses detected by tuberculin skin test and ELISA gave positive results at herd level only. Despite the detection of other potential pathogens mycobacteria were regarded as the causative agent of the reproductive disorders. To our knowledge this is the first report of an epidemic mycobacterial infection in a pig holding associated with reproductive disorders, which could be attributed to one single virulent strain, and the first report of detection of M. avium subsp. hominissuis in pig sperm.  相似文献   

Invasive alien goldenrods negatively affect grassland bird communities in Eastern Europe     

Piotr Skórka  Magdalena Lenda 《Biological conservation》2010,143(4):856-861

Invasive alien plants constitute a major threat to local biodiversity. Moreover, their appearance often coincides with land use change. Many endangered groups of organisms suffer from habitat loss, which is often a consequence of the invasion of alien plants. This paper examines how invasive alien goldenrods Solidago spp. affect the richness of endangered grassland bird species and numbers of breeding pairs in abandoned meadows in southern Poland. Meadows invaded by goldenrods (n = 15) had lower bird species richness and a lower number of breeding pairs than meadows in which goldenrods were absent (n = 15). Two important factors positively influencing bird species richness were meadow area and shrub density (the latter only in meadows without goldenrods). Moreover, both the index of potential food density (number of butterflies) and plant species richness were much lower in meadows invaded by goldenrods than in meadows without these plants. Urgent action aimed at preventing the invasion of alien goldenrods in abandoned meadows is needed and such measures should involve regular mowing. Our results also highlight the fact that land abandonment in Central and Eastern Europe is not necessarily as beneficial for biodiversity as it is commonly believed and it may even lead to a decrease in the populations of several bird species in the agricultural landscape.  相似文献   

Overcoming constraints to meeting increased demand for Babesia bigemina vaccine in Australia     

Standfast NF  Bock RE  Wiecek MM  deVos AJ  Jorgensen WK  Kingston TG 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,115(3):213-222

Demand for live trivalent tick fever vaccine containing Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma centrale produced by the Department of Primary Industries, Queensland, has increased from less than 10,000 doses in 1988 to 500,000 doses in 2001. This paper describes a series of trials aimed at overcoming certain constraints to obtain B. bigemina parasitised erythrocytes (PEs) on a large enough scale from infected splenectomised calves to meet the demand. Passage through a series of splenectomised calves failed to increase the yield per calf but we showed that the dose rate of infected cells could be reduced from the long-time standard of 1x10(7) to 2.5x10(6) without affecting immunogenicity and still leaving a safety margin of at least 50-fold for infectivity. This change quadrupled the potential yield of doses per calf and allowed the DPI to meet the increased demand for B bigemina in vaccine. Due to the high cost and limited availability of suitable, health tested donors, calves previously infected with B. bovis or A. centrale were used to provide B. bigemina organisms but the practice resulted in red cell agglutination in some batches of prepared vaccine. A trial is described where B. bigemina-infected red cells were washed by centrifugation to remove agglutinating antibodies. Washing had no effect on parasite viability and this method is now in routine use in the production of trivalent vaccine.  相似文献   

Amplification of three different papillomaviral DNA sequences from a cat with viral plaques     

John S. Munday  Kristen A. Willis  Matti Kiupel  Fraser I. Hill  Magdalena Dunowska 《Veterinary dermatology》2008,19(6):400-404

A 3‐year‐old cat from New Zealand developed three small raised non‐ulcerated plaques on the face. Serology detected antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Histology of the plaque revealed epidermal hyperplasia with keratinocytes either distended with large blue‐grey cytoplasmic bodies or with shrunken nuclei surrounded by a clear halo. Papillomavirus (PV) antigen was detected immunohistochemically and feline viral plaque was diagnosed. Swabs were taken of both lesional and non‐lesional skin, and polymerase chain reactions were used to detect PV DNA. Three different PV DNA sequences were amplified, one from a Felis domesticus PV type 1 (FdPV‐1) previously amplified from a feline viral plaque, a second (FdPV‐JM) previously amplified from feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas, and a third FdPV‐MY that was not reported previously. All three sequences were amplified from swabs of both lesional and non‐lesional skin. These results extend the geographical range of FdPV‐1 outside North America and also demonstrate the ability of FdPV‐1 to asymptomatically infect feline skin. However, the detection of multiple PV sequences within both lesional and non‐lesional samples makes it difficult to determine whether or not any of the PVs caused feline viral plaque development in this cat. This is the first time PV DNA has been detected in a feline skin swab sample. Additionally, it is the first report of multiple PVs being detected in a single sample from a cat. This may suggest that FIV infection predisposes cats to cutaneous PV infection.  相似文献   

Genomics,genetics and breeding of tropical legumes for better livelihoods of smallholder farmers     

Chris Ojiewo  Emmanuel Monyo  Haile Desmae  Ousmane Boukar  Clare Mukankusi‐Mugisha  Mahendar Thudi  Manish K. Pandey  Rachit K. Saxena  Pooran M. Gaur  Sushil K. Chaturvedi  Asnake Fikre  NPVR Ganga Rao  CV SameerKumar  Patrick Okori  Pasupuleti Janila  Jean Claude Rubyogo  Chigeza Godfree  Essegbemon Akpo  Lucky Omoigui  Stanley Nkalubo  Berhanu Fenta  Papias Binagwa  Michael Kilango  Magdalena Williams  Omari Mponda  David Okello  Mekasha Chichaybelu  Amos Miningou  Joseph Bationo  Dramane Sako  Sory Diallo  Candidus Echekwu  Muhammad Lawan Umar  Richard Oteng‐Frimpong  Haruna Mohammed  Rajeev K. Varshney 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(4):487-499

Legumes are important components of sustainable agricultural production, food, nutrition and income systems of developing countries. In spite of their importance, legume crop production is challenged by a number of biotic (diseases and pests) and abiotic stresses (heat, frost, drought and salinity), edaphic factors (associated with soil nutrient deficits) and policy issues (where less emphasis is put on legumes compared to priority starchy staples). Significant research and development work have been done in the past decade on important grain legumes through collaborative bilateral and multilateral projects as well as the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes (CRP‐GL). Through these initiatives, genomic resources and genomic tools such as draft genome sequence, resequencing data, large‐scale genomewide markers, dense genetic maps, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and diagnostic markers have been developed for further use in multiple genetic and breeding applications. Also, these mega‐initiatives facilitated release of a number of new varieties and also dissemination of on‐the‐shelf varieties to the farmers. More efforts are needed to enhance genetic gains by reducing the time required in cultivar development through integration of genomics‐assisted breeding approaches and rapid generation advancement.  相似文献   

Effect of Different Methods of Thermal Treatment on Starch and Bioactive Compounds of Potato     

Narwojsz  Agnieszka  Borowska  Eulalia Julitta  Polak-Śliwińska  Magdalena  Danowska-Oziewicz  Marzena 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(2):298-304

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - The study examined the effects of various methods of thermal treatment of Lord cultivar potato tubers on changes in starch, polyphenols, vitamin C, antioxidant...  相似文献   

Effect of coniferyl alcohol addition on removal of chlorophenols from water effluent by fungal laccase   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Nam-Seok Cho  Jerzy Rogalski  Magdalena Jaszek  Jolanta Luterek  Maria Wojtas-Wasilewska  Elzbieta Malarczyk  Monika Fink-Boots  Andrzej Leonowicz 《Journal of Wood Science》1999,45(2):174-178

The effect of coniferyl alcohol on removal of chlorinated phenols from a water environment byRhizoctonia praticola andCerrena unicolor laccases was studied. At optimal conditions in which 7 mM coniferyl alcohol and laccase were added to chlorinated phenols over 20h, about 34% of the radioactivity of 4-chlorophenol, 57% of 2,4-dichlorophenol, 66% of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, and 85% of pentachlorophenol were removed from the supernatants, compared to the level without laccase activity. After 12-h incubation periods at the optimal concentrations of coniferyl alcohol and laccase (added simultaneously), the fast first phase of chlorophenol removal was complete in 1 h, and eventually coniferyl alcohol enhanced the removal of 4-chlorophenol by 40%, 2,4-dichlorophenol by 54%, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol by 60%, and pentachlorophenol by 76%.  相似文献   

Conventional and molecular cytogenetics of the pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.)     

Malgorzata Jankun  Magdalena Mochol  Konrad Ocalewicz 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(6):1084-1089

Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.) is a percid fish species of high commercial value and potential for being aquacultured in Europe. As such, pikeperch needs to be karyologically studied with special attention dedicated to arrangement of the homologous chromosomes into pairs and chromosomal location of the chosen DNA sequences. The karyotype of the pikeperch consists of 48 small chromosomes: One pair of metacentric chromosomes, 15 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes and eight pairs of subtelo‐acrocentric chromosomes (FN = 80). Original data on the chromosomal distribution of early and late replication regions, segments resistant to AluI, DdeI, HinfI and HaeIII restriction endonucleases and identification of the C‐banded heterochromatin presented herein have been used to arrange pikeperch chromosomes into the karyotype. After Primed in situ labeling (PRINS) technique with primers enabling amplification of 5S rDNA sequences, hybridization spots observed on the short (p) arms of two the largest pikeperch submetacentric chromosomes (no. 2). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with telomeric PNA (Peptide Nucleic Acid) probe enabled recognition of the conservative telomeric DNA sequences on the pikeperch chromosomes. No interstitial signals were observed. The specimens studied did not show any morphologically differentiated sex chromosomes.  相似文献   

PML regulates apoptosis at endoplasmic reticulum by modulating calcium release     

Giorgi C  Ito K  Lin HK  Santangelo C  Wieckowski MR  Lebiedzinska M  Bononi A  Bonora M  Duszynski J  Bernardi R  Rizzuto R  Tacchetti C  Pinton P  Pandolfi PP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6008):1247-1251

The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) tumor suppressor is a pleiotropic modulator of apoptosis. However, the molecular basis for such a diverse proapoptotic role is currently unknown. We show that extranuclear Pml was specifically enriched at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and at the mitochondria-associated membranes, signaling domains involved in ER-to-mitochondria calcium ion (Ca(2+)) transport and in induction of apoptosis. We found Pml in complexes of large molecular size with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP(3)R), protein kinase Akt, and protein phosphatase 2a (PP2a). Pml was essential for Akt- and PP2a-dependent modulation of IP(3)R phosphorylation and in turn for IP(3)R-mediated Ca(2+) release from ER. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the pleiotropic role of Pml in apoptosis and identify a pharmacological target for the modulation of Ca(2+) signals.  相似文献