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1.
皱纹盘鲍染色体C带和rDNA定位   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  
为了提高对皱纹盘鲍染色体的辨识水平,实验利用 Ba(OH)2 处理显示了皱纹盘鲍染色体的C带,并用荧光原位杂交分析(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)研究了核糖体大亚基rDNA在皱纹盘鲍中期染色体上的数目与位置。核型结果显示,皱纹盘鲍染色体组包含7对中部着丝粒染色体和8对亚中部着丝粒染色体,另有3对染色体介于中部着丝粒染色体与亚中着丝粒染色体之间(m/sm)。C显带结果显示,8对染色体有稳定的着丝粒C带,5～7对染色体上有中期相间多态的端部C带,3对染色体上有同源染色体异态的臂间C带。FISH 分析显示,皱纹盘鲍中期染色体上分布着4个大亚基 rDNA位点,分别位于2号短臂(2S)、7号短臂(7S)、12号短臂(12S)和18号长臂(18L)的端部。研究结果为皱纹盘鲍染色体辨识提供了新的特征与标记,为进一步研究皱纹盘鲍种群的染色体多态和鲍属染色体进化提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

2.
Octopus (Amphioctopus) areolatus is an important marine cephalopod in Japan. We examined its diploid chromosome number, karyotype, and genome size (C value), and performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a vertebrate telomeric probe. The diploid chromosome number was 60 in embryonic cells, with 24 pairs of metacentric chromosomes, four pairs of metacentric/submetacentric chromosomes, and two pairs of submetacentric chromosomes. The mean C value was estimated to be 5.47 pg. From these findings, and those reported previously for other octopus species, we suggest that the factor causing the quantum change of C value in O. (A.) areolatus was genome duplication, and not polyploidy. In telomeric FISH analysis, hybridization signals were clearly observed in the telomeric regions of the chromosomes. This is the first report of FISH analysis of cephalopod chromosomes, and our findings suggest that the telomere sequence of O. (A.) areolatus is (TTAGGG) n , which may allow gene mapping in the future.  相似文献   

3.
Chromosomal karyotypes of Oreochromis mossambicus and O. urolepis hornorum and their hybrid were analysed by means of Cot‐1 DNA bandings through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). To identify all chromosomes, Cot‐1 DNA – which contains highly and moderately repetitive DNA – was extracted from genomic DNA, labelled as a probe with Dig‐11‐dUTP, and in situ hybridized to spreads of mitotic chromosomes of the three samples. The hybridized signals were detected by means of Cy3‐conjugated antidigoxigenin. The FISH results indicated that the three samples had the same diploid number (2n=44) of chromosomes. Specific fluorescence signal bands were detected on all individual chromosome pairs. On the basis of Cot‐1 DNA FISH banding patterns and chromosome morphology, the karyotypes of the three samples have been constructed; no remarkable differences were detected between the karyotypes of these species using this method. These results – which are similar to those reported previously, with respect to chromosome number, morphology and Cot‐1 DNA FISH patterns – suggest chromosomal stasis during speciation and hybridization of tilapia (Oreochromis, Cichlidae). Such a molecular cytogenetic procedure, if used in conjunction with other genomic research methods, could facilitate the study of genomic structure and be adapted for chromosome studies of other animal species.  相似文献   

4.
黄姑鱼染色体识别与重复序列定位   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  
郑娇  曹款  杨安冉  张静  王志勇  蔡明夷 《水产学报》2016,40(8):1156-1162
黄姑鱼是我国重要的海水经济鱼类。然而,由于细胞遗传标记匮乏,黄姑鱼染色体仍然难以辨识。为了提高黄姑鱼染色体的配对识别水平,本研究利用荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)、吉姆萨染色和荧光染色技术分析了黄姑鱼染色体的特征。以总DNA为探针进行基因组DNA荧光原位杂交(genomic fluorescence in situ hybridization,GISH),从而获得黄姑鱼染色体图谱,可使每对染色体呈现特定的荧光信号。依据GISH荧光信号分布模式,可以辨识黄姑鱼的24对染色体。18S r DNA FISH结果显示,18S r DNA只有一对信号,分布于1号染色体臂间,并与吉姆萨染色呈现的次缢痕、DAPI阴性带和DPI染色高亮区域同位。5S r DNA有一强一弱两对信号,信号强的一对分布于1号染色体着丝粒端,信号弱的一对分布于4号染色体的远端。端粒信号在所有染色体的端部显示,但个别染色体一端信号微弱。本研究结果丰富了黄姑鱼的细胞遗传标记,为解决黄姑鱼染色体辨识问题提供参考依据,也为进一步研究石首鱼科染色体进化提供了资料。  相似文献   

5.
The karyotype and chromosomal characteristics of endangered Caspian salmon, Salmo trutta caspius, in the southern part of the Caspian Sea were investigated. From the total of 60 mitotic metaphases achieved from 15 individuals, 15, 9 and 36 metaphases were with the mode <76, 76 and 80 representing 25%, 15% and 60% of metaphases respectively. So, the most common pattern of chromosome number was 80 (36 metaphases, 60%) and the number of diploid chromosomes was thus confirmed as (2n=80) of this subspecies. The karyotype consists of seven metacentric, five submetacentric and 28 telocentric pairs. The karyological parameters of the Caspian salmon, the centromic index, arm ratio, relative length and length variation range of chromosomes, were 0–0.5, 1–∞, 0.011–0.045 and 0.507–2.028 μm respectively. The total length of chromosomes in haploid series was 44.776 μm and fundamental number of chromosome arms was 104. This study may provide the first knowledge on chromosome analysis in Caspian salmon and add basic information useful for its chromosomal manipulations.  相似文献   

6.
黄条魳(Seriola aureovittata)染色体核型分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
以黄海北部沿海捕获的野生黄条(Seriola aureovittata)为实验材料,经过体内注射植物血球凝聚素(PHA)和秋水仙素,取头肾细胞,经空气干燥法制片,Giemsa染液染色后,观察黄条的染色体核型和特征.本研究分析了21条黄条的80个中期染色体核型,结果显示,黄条核型有48条染色体,2n=48占所观察分裂相的比例是81.25％;第1对染色体有次缢痕和随体.核型公式为2n=48=6sm+4st+38t,其染色体臂的数量为54,单倍体染色体总长度约为51.97 μm.黄条染色体核型比较独特,具有3对亚中部染色体和2对亚端部染色体;不同于以往报道的其他属鱼类的染色体核型特征.通过比较分析认为,黄条为进化上的高位类群中的特化类群.本研究为属鱼类的细胞遗传学研究提供了基础资料,并为黄条种质资源保护及未来人工养殖等奠定基础.  相似文献   

7.
三疣梭子蟹核型分析   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10  
朱冬发 《水产学报》2005,29(5):649-653
实验用三疣梭子蟹于2003年3月－2004年6月购自浙江象山石浦港。以成熟卵、精巢、胚胎及溞状幼体等为材料进行三疣梭子蟹染色体数目和核型的研究。染色体制片采用组织切片法和气干法,用Olympus显微镜进行观测、摄影,依据Levan等的染色体分类标准进行核型分析。结果表明,精巢最适宜进行三疣梭子蟹染色体计数,卵内溞状幼体最适宜做核型分析。三疣梭子蟹染色体的数目是2n=106,n=53。核型分析显示,三疣梭子蟹有20对（第1～20号）中部着丝粒染色体（m）、3对（第21－23号）亚中部着丝粒染色体（sm）和30对（笫24～53号）端部着丝粒染包体（t）。因此,三疣梭子蟹核型为2n=106=40m＋6sm＋60t,染色体臂数NF=152;没有检查出异形性染色体的存在。  相似文献   

8.
New and viable species for aquaponics and integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture (IMTA) in freshwater systems can improve yields and sustainability of aquaculture. Freshwater crayfish species such as Astacus astacus and Pontastacus leptodactylus are omnivorous feeders and considered candidates for feeding on faecal matters in existing aquaculture systems. Feeding trials were conducted to determine growth response and RNA/DNA ratio in freshwater crayfish fed fish waste. Carapace length and wet weight were measured to determine the growth response. Juvenile A. astacus was fed faeces of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops × Morone saxatilis) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), while adult P. leptodactylus was fed with two commercial pellet diets and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) faeces. The nutritional composition of hybrid striped bass faeces was close to optimal diet composition of A. astacus, and crayfish showed significantly higher carapace growth, weight gain and weight gain per moult as the group fed rainbow trout faeces. The growth of P. leptodactylus was significantly lower in terms of weight gain and weight gain percentage per moult for crayfish fed on pikeperch faeces. Thus, this study can recommend a co‐cultivation of hybrid striped bass and A. astacus within one system, but cannot recommend co‐cultivation of P. leptodactylus with pikeperch. Additionally, this study showed controversial results of RNA/DNA ratio and weight gain of both crayfish species. Thus, RNA/DNA ratio cannot be approved for investigations on crayfish physiological status in controlled feeding experiments if animals are fed with an inadequate diet.  相似文献   

9.
Evidence of hybridization in Haliotis has been mainly supported by hatchery experiences and collection of wild hybrid abalones among several species from natural populations worldwide. However, despite the importance to understand the role of the hybridization process through Haliotidae evolution, and also its impact on the abalone aquaculture, genetic studies in hybrid abalones have been poorly developed. Herein, cytogenetic approach allows studying the genetic conformation in hybrid organisms at the chromosome level. This paper reports a quantitative karyotype analysis in Haliotis rufescens, Haliotis discus hannai and their interspecific hybrid. Thus, to characterize chromosome pairs and establish cytogenetic comparisons, chromosome banding with distamycin‐A/4,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole fluorochromes and morphologic measurements were performed. The results showed that the hybrids are successfully viable and their karyotypes evidenced a conservative chromosome number of 2n=36. The karyo‐idiogram showed a high correspondence in chromosome pair morphology among the hybrids and their parental species, except for a single heteromorphic pair that corresponds to the chromosome 16 from H. rufescens andH. d. hannai respectively. The implications of the abalone hybrid viability derived from its chromosome composition are discussed.  相似文献   

10.
选用蒸汽固定法对阿德利尔虹鳟的染色体核型进行了研究。结果表明:阿德利尔虹鳟具有染色体60条,中部着丝点染色体(m)20对,亚中部着丝点染色体(sm)2对,端部着丝点染色体(t)8对,核型公式为:2n=4sm+40m+16t,NF=104。未发现异形染色体。  相似文献   

11.
Spiroplasma eriocheiris is the first spiroplasma strain known to be pathogenic to freshwater crustaceans. It has caused considerable economic losses both in the freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard) and in some other crustaceans. The monitoring of the pathogen in crustacean populations and study of its behaviour in the laboratory require the development of reliable diagnostic tools. In this article, we improved microscopic identification of S. eriocheiris by combining in situ hybridization with specific fluorescently labelled oligonucleotide probes. The established fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allowed simultaneous visualization, identification and localization of S. eriocheiris in the tissues of diseased crayfish P. clarkii and exhibited low background autofluorescence and ideal signal‐to‐noise ratio. With the advantages of better tissue penetration, potentially more specific and stable, we designed three species‐specific oligonucleotide probes utilizing the sequences of 16S‐23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions (ISRs) of S. eriocheiris. Positive hybridization signals were visualized in haemocytes and connective tissues of hepatopancreas, cardiac muscle and gill from diseased crayfish. This unique distribution pattern matched the pathological changes when diagnosed by H&E staining and indicated that S. eriocheiris probably spread throughout the tissues in P. clarkii by hemokinesis. This assay will facilitate our understanding of the pathogenesis of S. eriocheiris and enhance the early diagnosis of the novel pathogen.  相似文献   

12.
为了探究石首鱼核型微观结构上的变化,实验利用荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)比较定位了厦门白姑鱼和大黄鱼18S rDNA和5S rDNA的分布特征。结果表明,厦门白姑鱼与大黄鱼在宏观核型以及18S rDNA和5S rDNA染色体分布等3个方面均存在较大差异。厦门白姑鱼的核型公式为2n=48t,臂数FN=48;单对18S rDNA信号分布于1号染色体臂间;单对5S rDNA信号分布于3号染色体近着丝粒区域。大黄鱼的核型公式为2n=2sm+4st+42t,臂数FN=50;单对18S rDNA信号分布于18号染色体短臂端部;5S rDNA信号9~11对,除一对分布于臂间外,其余全部分布于着丝粒端或短臂端部。综合其他石首鱼核型数据可以推断:厦门白姑鱼呈现原始核型特征,而大黄鱼核型是原始核型经染色体重排和/或转座衍生的特化核型;石首鱼宏观核型和18S rDNA分布模式总体保守,仅少数物种存在变化,而5S rDNA位点的分布模式存在高度的种间变化。本研究首次揭示了石首鱼物种间核型微观结构的变化,为进一步开展石首鱼分子细胞遗传学研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

13.
Fish of the family Gerreidae, mainly species of the genera Diapterus and Eugerres, have high potential for cultivation, because of their saline tolerance. A detailed cytogenetic analysis of Diapterus auratus, Diapterus rhombeus and Eugerres brasilianus was conducted using conventional staining, C‐banding, Ag‐NOR, AT/GC‐specific fluorochrome staining and mapping of ribosomal sequences with 5S and 18S rDNA probes. All the species exhibited symmetrical karyotype, 2n = 48 acrocentric chromosomes. Ag‐NORs and 18S rDNA are present in the interstitial position on pair 1 (genus Diapterus) and pair 6 in Eugerres brasilianus. The 5S rDNA sites, located in the interstitial position (pair 11), are conserved in the three species. Heterochromatic regions are similar in the Diapterus species, showing a pattern of reduced and centromeric bands, differing from E. brasilianus, where, in addition to these, more prominent interstitial bands were observed. GC‐rich regions are located at ribosomal sites. Karyotypic comparison between Diapterus and Eugerres reveals similarity in chromosomal macrostructure, differing in C‐positive heterochromatin distribution and position of 18S sites, indicating the occurrence of structural microrearrangements. Although complementary analyses are needed, the similarities observed for these and other species suggest the possibility of breaking postzygotic barriers and their potential use, through induced interspecific or intergeneric hybridizations.  相似文献   

14.
鱼类染色体核型和系统进化分析在鱼类种质资源保护和利用等方面发挥着重要作用,为丰富苏丹鱼(Leptobarbushoevenii)种质资源研究内容,本研究以苏丹鱼为研究对象,采用染色体冷滴片制备法分析了染色体核型特征,运用线粒体16S rRNA基因序列比对分析了其系统进化关系,探讨了鲃亚科鱼类种属间亲缘关系。染色体核型分析结果显示:苏丹鱼二倍体的染色体数为2n=50,其中包含中部着丝粒染色体(m)8条、亚中部着丝粒染色体(sm) 14条、亚端部着丝粒染色体(st) 2条和端部着丝粒染色体(t) 1条,核型公式为2n=16m+28sm+4st+2t,染色体臂数(NF)为94。14种鲃亚科鱼类的线粒体16SrRNA基因比对分析结果表明:鲃亚科鱼类的种间遗传距离为0.016～0.134,平均遗传距离为0.074;苏丹鱼与粗须白甲鱼(Onychostomabarbata)的种间遗传距离最大(0.134),与泰国短吻鱼(Sikukiastejnegeri)的种间遗传距离最小(0.090);系统进化关系结果显示:苏丹鱼位于进化树的基部,与四须鲃属亲缘关系较近。本研究结果可为苏丹鱼种质资源鉴定、品种改...  相似文献   

15.
Through the recent increases in abundance, pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) has not only become a valuable target for recreational and commercial fishing, but also the most important top predator in many lakes. Generally oligotrophic Lake Höytiäinen (283 km2) sustains one of the most economically valuable pikeperch stocks in Finland, and its annual fisheries yield (up to 5.5 kg/ha) is exceptionally high among Finnish lakes. Here, we followed seasonal movements of fish using conventional tagging, and studied short‐term and long‐term diet of pikeperch by stomach content and stable isotope analyses to examine if the movements were motivated by prey availability. A clear seasonal migration pattern was observed: in summer, 80% of the tag recoveries were obtained from the shallow and mesotrophic northern and western areas, whereas in autumn and winter, the deep and oligotrophic southern area dominated in the recaptures. The diet of pikeperch consisted of the most abundant fish species in the lake, perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus), as well as insects. Stable isotope analysis indicated a shift from a dominance of pelagic food sources to littoral food sources during the growing season of pikeperch. Our results suggest that the pikeperch migrations facilitate efficient material transfer from the mesotrophic part while the deeper and oligotrophic part offers a favourable overwintering environment.  相似文献   

16.
Maternal characteristics typically affect the recruitment of an exploited fish population. The size and age at maturity, as well as the effects of maternal traits on relative fecundity and egg dry weight, were studied in six exploited pikeperch populations in Finnish lakes. The among‐lake variation in the maternal characteristics was substantial. The estimated total length at maturity (L10, L50, L90) varied between 318–444, 403–423 and 444–527 mm, respectively, largely depending on the average growth rate and body condition of pikeperch. The estimated L50 was generally close to the recently imposed national minimum size limit (42 cm). The estimated age at maturity (A50) ranged from 4.2 to 6.9 year. Both relative fecundity and egg dry weight significantly increased with female size and age, indicating size‐ and age‐dependent maternal effects on egg characteristics and quantity, and emphasising the importance of large individuals for reproduction. The observed among‐population differences in the size‐dependent maternal influences highlight the need for stock‐specific management of pikeperch fisheries. The conservation of large females should be promoted to increase recruitment and reduce its variability.  相似文献   

17.
The karyotypes of both Oreochromis mortimeri (Trewavas) and Sarotherodon melanotheron (Rüppell) are shown to consist of 22 pairs of chromosomes (2n = 44). In O. mortimeri, the karyotype is composed of 9 sm/st and 13 t chromosomes. In the case of S. melanotheron, the karyotype is composed of 15 sm/st, 2 m and 5 t chromosomes. The karyotypes of these species are therefore similar to those of the majority of other tilapia species, with that of S. melanotheron being considerably different from that previously reported for this species.  相似文献   

18.
A newly synthetic allopolyploid strain (SAS) was selected and established from gynogenetic offspring of gibel carp clone A+ with 156 chromosomes induced by common carp sperm with 50 chromosomes. In this study, the allopolyploid strain was detected to contain 206 chromosomes, and the growth trait was evaluated to have 25.15% growth faster than that of clone A+. Genetic marker analyses of transferrin (Tf) alleles, ITS1 sequences and mtDNA D‐loop sequences indicated that the allopolyploid strain was synthetized from maternal gibel carp clone A+ and paternal common carp, and the synthetic chromosome sets were further confirmed by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and chromosome localization of 45S rDNA. Significantly, the synthetic allopolyploid strain has tended to be stable by five successive generations of gynogenesis, because it still keeps unisexual reproduction mode of gynogenesis. Therefore, it will become a novel variety for gibel carp aquaculture in future.  相似文献   

19.
The karyotype of the Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, (Linnaeus, 1758) consists of 24 pairs of chromosomes (2n= 48) all of which are subtelocentric or acrocentric. The number and morphology of the chromosomes of the Atlantic halibut is therefore similar to most other pleuronectid fish studied.  相似文献   

20.
The karyotype and chromosomal characteristics of the yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi lalandi were investigated by examining metaphase spreads from kidney cells of 4-month-old fish artificially bred using wild-captured broodstock from the coast of South Australia. A total of 80 mitotic metaphases from 10 individual fish were analysed, with 52 spreads having a mode of 2 n =48 chromosomes, representing 65% of the metaphases observed. The diploid consisted of two metacentric, two submetacentric, six subtelocentric and 38 telocentric chromosomes, with the fundamental number of chromosome arms being 52. The total haploid chromosome length was approximately 44.412 μm. This study shows that the karyotype of S. lalandi lalandi differs from those reported previously for other Seriola species in having one pair of metacentric chromosomes.  相似文献   

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