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de Ramos Eduarda Kalena Kirsch Pazdiora Paulo Cesar Dallagnol Leandro José de Souza Mayara Rodrigues de Araujo Filho Jeronimo Vieira 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2023,130(1):211-214
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is one of the major nonfood crops in the Southern of Brazil. During 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 crop seasons, Root Knot... 相似文献
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Wilson Wasielesky Jr Paulo César Abreu Luis Henrique Poersch Fabiano Thompson Eduardo Luis Cupertino Ballester 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(5):706-712
A reduction in light intensity may increase shrimp activity, although it may also negatively affect the development of photoautotrophic organisms present in biofilm, an important natural food source for shrimp. This experiment evaluated the influence of light intensity on biofilm development and on the growth of cultured Farfantepenaeus paulensis juveniles. Six cages were deployed in a shrimp culture pond and stocked with 60 juveniles (0.72 ± 0.03 g). Three cages were randomly chosen and covered with five layers of polyamide net to reduce light incidence (shaded treatment), while the other three cages were not covered (control treatment). Biofilm chlorophyll a and microorganism abundance, as well as shrimp growth, were monitored during the experiment. Chlorophyll a concentration and the abundance of bacteria and flagellates were significantly lower in the shaded treatment (P<0.05). After 75 rearing days, shrimp stocked in control treatment achieved significantly higher (5.98 g) (P<0.05) mean weight than shrimp reared in shaded treatment cages (5.13 g). Similarly, the biomass produced was also significantly higher (P<0.05) in the control treatment (322.92 g) than in the shaded treatment (287.31 g). The results of this study demonstrate that light intensity has a huge influence on shrimp performance mainly due to the increase in natural food availability. 相似文献
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Trawling for cephalopods off the Portuguese coast—Fleet dynamics and landings composition 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tereza Fonseca Aida Campos Manuel Afonso-Dias Paulo Fonseca Joo Pereira 《Fisheries Research》2008,92(2-3):180-188
Fleet dynamics was addressed for three cephalopod taxa of commercial interest, the squid Loligo vulgaris, the octopuses Octopus vulgaris and Eledone cirrhosa, and the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, for 48 trawlers of the fish trawling fleet. Landing profiles (LP) were identified based on the species composition of the landings using hierarchical cluster analysis. Four out of a total of 12 different LP were related to cephalopods and other species associated with them.The effects on the landing proportions of a number of variables, year, season and vessel, are analysed for each of the species studied using generalized linear models (GLM). The factor “vessel”, including an ensemble of technical characteristics as well as the abilities of individual skippers, explained most of the model deviance, strongly reinforcing the existence of a fleet component dedicated to catch cephalopods. However, time also explains much of the variation found in the data.Seasonal alternation between landings of octopodidae and cuttlefish was observed within a small group of old trawlers operating mainly off the south coast, following the abundance cycles of these species. For a larger group of more modern trawlers, operating off the western coast, inter-annual shift between octopus and squid was found, together with a well marked seasonal pattern between the catches of cephalopods and horse mackerel.Spatial patterns of activity were identified using vessel monitoring system (VMS) data available for trawlers in Portugal, demonstrating the existence of cephalopod targeting strategies in Portuguese fish trawling activities. 相似文献
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Spyra Marcin Kleemann Janina Cetin Nuket Ipek Vázquez Navarrete Cesar Jesús Albert Christian Palacios-Agundez Igone Ametzaga-Arregi Ibone La Rosa Daniele Rozas-Vásquez Daniel Adem Esmail Blal Picchi Paolo Geneletti Davide König Hannes J. Koo HongMi Kopperoinen Leena Fürst Christine 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(7):1715-1735
Landscape Ecology - Several case studies investigated the role of ecosystem services in participatory planning processes. However, no systematic study exists that cuts across a large number of... 相似文献
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Ricardo Rocha Milou Groenenberg Paulo E. D. Bobrowiec Mar Cabeza Jorge M. Palmeirim Christoph F. J. Meyer 《Landscape Ecology》2017,32(1):31-45
Context
Habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation are widespread drivers of biodiversity decline. Understanding how habitat quality interacts with landscape context, and how they jointly affect species in human-modified landscapes, is of great importance for informing conservation and management.Objectives
We used a whole-ecosystem manipulation experiment in the Brazilian Amazon to investigate the relative roles of local and landscape attributes in affecting bat assemblages at an interior-edge-matrix disturbance gradient.Methods
We surveyed bats in 39 sites, comprising continuous forest (CF), fragments, forest edges and intervening secondary regrowth. For each site, we assessed vegetation structure (local-scale variable) and, for five focal scales, quantified habitat amount and four landscape configuration metrics.Results
Smaller fragments, edges and regrowth sites had fewer species and higher levels of dominance than CF. Regardless of the landscape scale analysed, species richness and evenness were mostly related to the amount of forest cover. Vegetation structure and configurational metrics were important predictors of abundance, whereby the magnitude and direction of response to configurational metrics were scale-dependent. Responses were ensemble-specific with local-scale vegetation structure being more important for frugivorous than for gleaning animalivorous bats.Conclusions
Our study indicates that scale-sensitive measures of landscape structure are needed for a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of fragmentation on tropical biota. Although forest fragments and regrowth habitats can be of conservation significance for tropical bats our results further emphasize that primary forest is of irreplaceable value, underlining that their conservation can only be achieved by the preservation of large expanses of pristine habitat.20.
de Bastos Diego Fernandes Magiero Emanuelle Cavazini Tomazi Michely Schirmann Janquieli Veloso Murilo G. de Faccio Carvalho Paulo César Bayer Cimélio 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2020,20(2):982-991
Purpose
Grazing livestock has strong impact on global nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions by providing N sources through excreta. The scarcity of information on factors influencing N2O emissions from sheep excreta in subtropical ecosystems such as those of Southern Brazil led us to conduct field trials in three different winter pasture seasons on an integrated crop–livestock system (ICL) in order to assess N2O emission factors (EF-N2O) in response to variable rates of urine and dung.
Materials and methodsThe equivalent urine-N loading rates for the three winter seasons (2009, 2010, and 2013) ranged from 96 to 478 kg ha?1, and the dung-N rates applied in 2009 and 2010 were 81 and 76 kg ha?1, respectively. Air was sampled from closed static chambers (0.20 m in diameter) for approximately 40 days after excreta application and analyzed for N2O by gas chromatography.
Results and discussionSoil N2O-N fluxes spanned the ranges 4 to 353 μg m?2 h?1 in 2009, ??47 to 976 μg m?2 h?1 in 2010, and 46 to 339 μg m?2 h?1 in 2013. Urine addition resulted in N2O-N peaks within for up to 20–30 days after application in the 3 years, and the strength of the peaks was linearly related to the N rate used. Emission factors of N2O (EF-N2O, % of N applied that is emitted as N2O) of urine ranged from 0.06 to 0.34% and were essentially independent of N rate applied. By considering a ratio of N excreted by urine and dung of 60:40, a single combined excretal EF-N2O of 0.14% was estimated.
ConclusionsOur findings showed higher mean EF-N2O for sheep urine than that for dung (0.21% vs 0.03%), irrespective of the occurrence or not of urine patches overlap. This value is much lower than default value of 1% of IPCC’s Tier 1 and reinforces the needs of its revision.
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