Evaluation of an ultrasonic Doppler probe for pregnancy diagnosis in cattle     

AR CAMERON  J. MALMO† 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(3):109-111

SUMMARY The use of an ultrasonic Doppler probe for pregnancy diagnosis was evaluated. Data from the examination of 1115 cattle were analysed. Comparison of the probe with manual rectal palpation by an experienced clinician yielded a sensitivity of 92.8 ± 1.6% (± 95% confidence interval) and a specificity of 75.8 ± 7.4%. This level of accuracy was found to be insufficient to recommend the probe be used by farmers for the diagnosis of pregnancy.  相似文献   

Expression of S100a, vimentin, NSE, and melan A/MART-1 in seven canine melanoma cells lines and twenty-nine retrospective cases of canine melanoma     

Koenig A  Wojcieszyn J  Weeks BR  Modiano JF 《Veterinary pathology》2001,38(4):427-435

We evaluated the expression of vimentin, S100a, and Melan A/MART-1 (melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1) in seven cell lines established independently from dogs with canine melanoma. We also compared routine immunostaining of 29 clinical specimens from melanoma cases using vimentin, S100a, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) with staining for Melan A/MART-1 as part of a diagnostic panel. All the cell lines were positive for expression of vimentin and S-100a. MelanA/MART-1 expression was seen consistently in only two of the seven cell lines. Staining for Melan A/MART-1 was most intense near areas of heavy melanin pigmentation. All except one of the clinical specimens were positive for vimentin. S 100a was expressed in the majority of both pigmented (15/20, 75%) and amelanotic (8/9, 88.8%) tumors. Seventeen of 29 (58.6%) tumors were positive for NSE. Melan A/MART-1 was expressed in 18/29 (62%) tumors, including 90% of pigmented tumors, but in no amelanotic tumors. Intensity of Melan A/MART-1 staining correlated positively with biologic behavior, with seven malignant tumors showing negative to weak staining and 10 benign tumors showing moderate to strong staining. Three malignant tumors showed moderate to intense staining for Melan A/ MART-1. Our results suggest that expression of Melan A/MART-1 may be unstable in cultured cell lines. Assessment of both S100a and Melan A/MART-1 expression is useful to confirm a diagnosis of canine melanoma, and Melan A/MART-1 may be especially informative regarding the biologic behavior of these tumors.  相似文献   

Bacterial cholecystitis with cardiac and pulmonary dissemination in a blue-naped mousebird (Urocolius macrourus)     

Ferrell ST  Phalen D  Weeks BR 《Avian diseases》2000,44(2):460-464

A blue-naped mousebird (Urocolius macrourus) was diagnosed by gross necropsy and histopathology as having a chronic, fibrosing bacterial cholecystitis. Acute, severe, necrotizing pneumonia and myocarditis also were present with intralesional gram-negative bacteria. The bacteria within the lungs and heart were suspected to have spread from the biliary tract because of the pattern of distribution and similar gram-staining characteristics. Enterobacter sp. and Escherichia coli were cultured from the pulmonary lesions. Cloacal cultures in clinically normal blue-naped mousebirds and speckled mousebirds (Colius striatus) yielded both Enterobacter sp. and E. coli. We hypothesize a pathogenesis in this bird consisting of biliary stasis of unknown etiology and eventual infection of the biliary tract by the normal gram-negative gastrointestinal flora. Death was believed to be a result of cardiac and respiratory dysfunction secondary to the bacterial dissemination from the biliary tree and endotoxemia.  相似文献   

Intestinal crypt lesions associated with protein-losing enteropathy in the dog     

Willard MD  Helman G  Fradkin JM  Becker T  Brown RM  Lewis BC  Weeks BR 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2000,14(3):298-307

Six dogs were diagnosed with protein losing enteropathy (PLE). There was no evidence of inappropriate inflammatory infiltrates or lymphangiectasia in multiple mucosal biopsies of the small intestine of 4 of the dogs. The 5th and 6th dogs had obvious lymphangiectasia and a moderate infiltrate of inflammatory cells in the intestinal mucosa. All 6 dogs had a large number of dilated intestinal crypts that were filled with mucus, sloughed epithelial cells, and/or inflammatory cells. Whether PLE occurs in these dogs because of protein lost from the dilated crypts into the intestinal lumen or whether the dilated crypts are a mucosal reaction due to another undetermined lesion that is responsible for alimentary tract protein loss is unknown. However, when large numbers of dilated intestinal crypts are present, they appear to be associated with PLE even if there are no other remarkable lesions in the intestinal mucosa.  相似文献   

Epidemiological studies of pig diseases: 2. Post-weaning diarrhoea and performance in Western Australian pigs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SZ SKIRROW  JR BUDDLE  AR MERCY  F. MADEC  RR NICHOLLS 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(4):282-288

Objective To determine in Australian pig herds the accuracy of French protocols for risk factor assessment of post-weaning diarrhoea and illthrift.
Procedure French protocols for the collection of data on health indicators and risk factors for post-weaning diarrhoea were conducted on 54 batches of weaner pigs from 28 Western Australian pig herds during three years.
Results Large variations in post-weaning performance were found. About one-third of the batches were growing at <200 g/day during the 3 weeks after weaning, and 54% had growth rates of <250 g/day. Weaning age and weight of at least 30 days and 7.9 kg, respectively, optimised weaner performance. Other risk factors associated with little post-weaning diarrhoea and good weaner performance were high creep feed intakes, relatively little diarrhoea as suckers, and, contrary to expectations, large temperature fluctuations.
Conclusion Overall, the 'predictability' of post-weaning problems as assessed by measurement of risk status, was good. However, the model was less accurate at predicting the performance of a single batch of pigs.  相似文献   

Congenital polycystic kidney disease in lambs     

AC Johnstone  BI Davidson  AR Roe  MR Eccles  RD Jolly 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):307-314

AIM: To describe the pathology and inheritance of a congenital polycystic kidney disease (PKD) of sheep.

METHODS: Mode of inheritance of PKD was investigated by evaluation of results of the disorder from planned matings in two consecutive years within subsets of a flock that had a high prevalence of PKD in lambs. Gross pathological and histopath- ological studies were based on tissues derived from this study. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained paraffin sections of kidney, liver, extrahepatic biliary and pancreatic ducts, pancreas and epididymis were used to describe the lesions.

RESULTS: Twenty-five lambs affected by PKD, of both sexes, were born, numbers in accord with those expected for an autosomal recessive disorder in the population studied. In all cases for which tissues were available, the renal, bile ductal (intrahepatic and extrahepatic), pancreatic and epididymal tissues had widespread dysplastic changes and associated cyst formation.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings of renal cysts in conjunction with cysts in other organs are unifying features in many of the human and animal forms of PKD and suggest a related pathogenic and genetic base consistent with an autosomal recessive disorder.  相似文献   

Genetic engineering of maize (Zea mays) for high-level tolerance to treatment with the herbicide dicamba     

Cao M  Sato SJ  Behrens M  Jiang WZ  Clemente TE  Weeks DP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(11):5830-5834

Herbicide-tolerant crops have been widely and rapidly adopted by farmers in several countries due to enhanced weed control, lower labor and production costs, increased environmental benefits, and gains in profitability. Soon to be introduced transgenic soybean and cotton varieties tolerant to treatments with the herbicide dicamba offer prospects for excellent broadleaf weed control in these broadleaf crops. Because monocots such as maize (Zea mays) can be treated with dicamba only during a limited window of crop development and because crop injury is sometimes observed when conditions are unfavorable, transgenic maize plants have been produced and tested for higher levels of tolerance to treatment with dicamba. Maize plants expressing the gene encoding dicamba monooxygenase (DMO) linked with an upstream chloroplast transit peptide (CTP) display greatly enhanced tolerance to dicamba applied either pre-emergence or postemergence. Comparisons of DMO coupled to CTPs derived from the Rubisco small subunit from either Arabidopsis thaliana or Z. mays showed that both allowed production of transgenic maize plants tolerant to treatment with levels of dicamba (i.e., 27 kg/ha) greatly exceeding the highest recommended rate of 0.56 kg/ha.  相似文献   

Three-dimensional direct imaging of structural relaxation near the colloidal glass transition     

Weeks ER  Crocker JC  Levitt AC  Schofield A  Weitz DA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5453):627-631

Confocal microscopy was used to directly observe three-dimensional dynamics of particles in colloidal supercooled fluids and colloidal glasses. The fastest particles moved cooperatively; connected clusters of these mobile particles could be identified; and the cluster size distribution, structure, and dynamics were investigated. The characteristic cluster size grew markedly in the supercooled fluid as the glass transition was approached, in agreement with computer simulations; at the glass transition, however, there was a sudden drop in their size. The clusters of fast-moving particles were largest near the alpha-relaxation time scale for supercooled colloidal fluids, but were also present, albeit with a markedly different nature, at shorter beta-relaxation time scales, in both supercooled fluid and glass colloidal phases.  相似文献   

Valinomycin crystal structure determination by direct methods   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W L Duax  H Hauptman  C M Weeks  D A Norton 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1972,176(37):911-914

The conformation of an uncomplexed form of the antibiotic valinomycin (C(54)N(6)O(18)H(90)) has been determined by direct methods including a novel technique for strong enantiomorph discrimination via the calculation and systematic analysis of cosine invariants of a special type. The intramolecular hydrogen bonding scheme and the isopropyl group stereochemistry of uncomplexed valinomycin are compatible with interpretations of spectral measurements for the complexed and uncomplexed molecule in solution but are different from any previously proposed structure. The simple conformational change of a hydrogen bond shift, which could be induced by the process of potassium ion complexing, transforms the uncomplexed into the complexed structure.  相似文献   

Shedding patterns of dairy calves experimentally infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis     

Rienske AR Mortier  Herman W Barkema  Karin Orsel  Robert Wolf  Jeroen De Buck 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1):71

Although substantial fecal shedding is expected to start years after initial infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the potential for shedding by calves and therefore calf-to-calf transmission is underestimated in current Johne’s disease (JD) control programs. Shedding patterns were determined in this study in experimentally infected calves. Fifty calves were challenged at 2 weeks or at 3, 6, 9 or 12 months of age (6 calves served as a control group). In each age group, 5 calves were inoculated with a low and 5 with a high dose of MAP. Fecal culture was performed monthly until necropsy at 17 months of age. Overall, 61% of inoculated calves, representing all age and dose groups, shed MAP in their feces at least once during the follow-up period. Although most calves shed sporadically, 4 calves in the 2-week and 3-month high dose groups shed at every sampling. In general, shedding peaked 2 months after inoculation. Calves inoculated at 2 weeks or 3 months with a high dose of MAP shed more frequently than those inoculated with a low dose. Calves shedding frequently had more culture-positive tissue locations and more severe gross and histological lesions at necropsy. In conclusion, calves inoculated up to 1 year of age shed MAP in their feces shortly after inoculation. Consequently, there is potential for MAP transfer between calves (especially if they are group housed) and therefore, JD control programs should consider young calves as a source of infection.  相似文献