Usefulness of cefovecin disk‐diffusion test for predicting mecA gene‐containing strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and clinical efficacy of cefovecin in dogs with superficial pyoderma     

Keita Iyori  Yoichi Toyoda  Kaori Ide  Toshiroh Iwasaki  Koji Nishifuji 《Veterinary dermatology》2013,24(1):162-e36

Background –  Cefovecin has been widely used to treat skin infections in dogs. The relationship of the cefovecin disk‐diffusion test results to the presence of the mecA gene and the clinical efficacy of cefovecin have not been fully evaluated. Hypothesis/Objectives –  To determine the usefulness of an in vitro cefovecin disk‐diffusion test in predicting the presence of the mecA gene in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, as well as the in vivo efficacy of cefovecin therapy in dogs with superficial pyoderma. Methods –  Twenty‐six S. pseudintermedius strains isolated from 22 dogs with pyoderma were used. In vitro disk‐diffusion test results of cefovecin were compared with agar‐dilution test results, the presence of the mecA gene, and the improvement in clinical scores of dogs with superficial pyoderma at 14 days post treatment. Results –  There was a significant linear correlation (r = ?0.83) between the diameter of the obvious zone of inhibition by disk diffusion and the minimal inhibitory concentration for cefovecin (P < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that zone diameters between 25 and 27 mm exhibited better sensitivity (92.9%) and specificity (100.0%) for detection of strains carrying the mecA gene. The mean improvement in clinical scores in dogs carrying cefovecin‐resistant strains was significantly lower than in dogs carrying cefovecin‐susceptible strains (P < 0.01). Conclusions and clinical importance –  The cefovecin disk‐diffusion test with a cut‐off value estimated in this study was valuable for predicting mecA gene carriage in S. pseudintermedius, as well as the in vivo efficacy of cefovecin therapy in dogs with superficial pyoderma caused by S. pseudintermedius.  相似文献   

Binding effect of cellulose nanofibers in wood flour board     

Yoichi Kojima  Jun Minamino  Akiko Isa  Shigehiko Suzuki  Hirokazu Ito  Rie Makise  Masaki Okamoto 《Journal of Wood Science》2013,59(5):396-401

Wood-based materials are extensively used for residual construction worldwide, especially in Japan. Most wood-based materials are fabricated using adhesives, some of which are not environmentally friendly. As an alternative to chemical adhesives, we explored this issue using nanofiber technology, especially the use of cellulose nanofibers (CNF), as reinforcement in wood flour (WF) board to replace chemical adhesives. We found that CNF could be easily made by pulverization in a ball mill. The physical and mechanical properties of WF board were improved by the three-dimensional binding effects of the CNF.  相似文献   

Nucleotide polymorphisms and the 5′‐UTR transcriptional analysis of the bovine growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a) gene     

Masanori KOMATSU  Yuki FUJIMORI  Yoichi SATO  Hiroaki OKAMURA  Seiki SASAKI  Tomohito ITOH  Mitsuo MORITA  Ryoichi NAKAMURA  Toshiaki OE  Masako FURUTA  Junpei YASUDA  Takatoshi KOJIMA  Toshio WATANABE  Takeshi HAYASHI  Aduli E.O. MALAU‐ADULI  Hideaki TAKAHASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(5):530-550

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International recommendations for training future toxicologic pathologists participating in regulatory-type, nonclinical toxicity studies     

Bolon B  Barale-Thomas E  Bradley A  Ettlin RA  Franchi CA  George C  Giusti AM  Hall R  Jacobsen M  Konishi Y  Ledieu D  Morton D  Park JH  Scudamore CL  Tsuda H  Vijayasarathi SK  Wijnands MV 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2010,23(3):171-181

The International Federation of Societies of Toxicologic Pathologists (IFSTP) proposes a common global framework for training future toxicologic pathologists who will support regulatory-type nonclinical toxicology studies. Trainees optimally should undertake a scientific curriculum of at least 5 years at an accredited institution leading to a clinical degree (veterinary medicine or medicine). Trainees should then obtain 4 or more years of intensive pathology practice during a residency and/or on-the-job "apprenticeship," at least 2 years of which must be focused on regulatory-type toxicologic pathology topics. Possession of a recognized pathology qualification (i.e., certification) is highly recommended. A non-clinical pathway (e.g., a graduate degree in medical biology or pathology) may be possible if medically trained pathologists are scarce, but this option is not optimal. Regular, lifelong continuing education (peer review of nonclinical studies, professional meetings, reading, short courses) will be necessary to maintain and enhance one's understanding of current toxicologic pathology knowledge, skills, and tools. This framework should provide a rigorous yet flexible way to reliably train future toxicologic pathologists to generate, interpret, integrate, and communicate data in regulatory-type, nonclinical toxicology studies.  相似文献   

Effect of temperature,hypoxia and disinfection with ozonated seawater during somitogenesis on muscular development of the trunk in larval seven‐band grouper,Epinephelus septemfasciatus (Thunberg)          下载免费PDF全文

Susumu Uji  Tohru Suzuki  Takashi Iwasaki  Kazuhisa Teruya  Keiichi Hirasawa  Makoto Shirakashi  Shizumasa Onoue  Yoichi Yamashita  Masaharu Tsuji  Yasushi Tsuchihashi  Koichi Okuzawa 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(11):2698-2706

The cause of abnormal musculature on both sides of the same myotome in artificially cultured seven‐band grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus (Thunberg) larvae remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of three factors: changes in temperature (between 22 and 24°C), disinfection with ozonated seawater (0.3 mg TROs L^?1, 1 min), and hypoxia (22 or 14% saturation) during the early (20 h post‐fertilization, hpf) and mid‐ (24 hpf) somite stages on trunk muscular development in larval seven‐band grouper. The thermal regimes and disinfection with ozonated seawater had no effect on muscle development (P > 0.05, G‐test). In contrast, exposure to hypoxia during both the early and mid‐somite stages increased the incidence of abnormal musculature in the trunk (P < 0.01, G‐test). These larvae had abnormal musculature on both sides of the trunk. In addition, the number of abnormal myotomes differed among these larvae. Exposure in the early and mid‐somite stages resulted in the highest frequency of abnormalities in the 11th and 13th myotome respectively. Our results suggest that hypoxia during somitogenesis can lead to abnormal muscle development in the trunk of artificially cultured seven‐band grouper larva.  相似文献   

Simulation of the impact of climate change on the egg and larval transport of Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) off Kyushu Island,the western coast of Japan          下载免费PDF全文

Aigo Takeshige  Yoichi Miyake  Hideaki Nakata  Takashi Kitagawa  Shingo Kimura 《Fisheries Oceanography》2015,24(5):445-462

In order to investigate the impact of climate change on egg and larval transport of Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) off Kyushu Island western Japan, we conducted particle‐tracking simulations on transport success/failure to fishing grounds from 1960 to 2007. The modeled transport success since the mid‐1990s increased and decreased in the offshore and coastal zones, respectively, compared with the 1960s and 1970s. The estimated northward shift of the spawning ground and weakened Tsushima Warm Current contributed to increase in modeled transport success to the offshore zone. Conversely, the weakening trend of the modeled onshore current in the Goto‐Nada Sea combined with the northward shift of the spawning ground resulted in unsuccessful larval transport. These results suggest that fluctuations in juvenile and subadult anchovy catches in this area may be attributable to changes in the physical environment. The present study showed that changes in transport success induced by oceanographic fluctuations related to climate change, have the potential to affect anchovy recruitment off the western coast of Japan.  相似文献   

Postharvest anthracnose on Satsuma mandarin orange caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Colletotrichum fioriniae</Emphasis>     

Nobuya Tashiro  Ayako Urakawa  Kazuyuki Shoji  Yoichi Matsuo  Toyozo Sato 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(5):381-385

In early January 2015–2017, anthracnose was detected on Satsuma mandarin orange (SMO) (Citrus unshiu) fruits kept in farmers’ storage rooms in Saga Prefecture, Japan. Three single-spore isolates from rotten fruits reproduced the postharvest anthracnose symptoms in wound-inoculated SMO fruits and were re-isolated from lesions. The isolates were identified as Colletotrichum fioriniae based on conidial morphology, culture characteristics, rDNA-ITS, and beta-tubulin-2 gene sequences. This is the first report of postharvest anthracnose on SMO caused by C. fioriniae.  相似文献   

Detection of rice panicle blast with multispectral radiometer and the potential of using airborne multispectral scanners   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kobayashi T  Kanda E  Kitada K  Ishiguro K  Torigoe Y 《Phytopathology》2001,91(3):316-323

ABSTRACT Rice reflectance was measured to determine the spectral regions most sensitive to panicle blast infection. Reflectance increased in the 430- to 530-, 580- to 680-, and 1,480- to 2,000-nm regions at the dough stage both in the laboratory and the field as the percentage of diseased spikelets increased. The wavebands of the greatest sensitivity were in the visible region, located near 485 and 675 nm. After the yellow-ripe growth stage, near-infrared rather than visible reflectance responded to panicle blast infections. Ratios of rice reflectance were evaluated as indicators of panicle blast. R470/R570 (reflectance at 470 nm divided by reflectance at 570 nm), R520/R675, and R570/R675 decreased significantly as the incidence of panicle blast increased at the dough stage. At the yellow-ripe stage, R550/R970 and R725/R900 were used to estimate panicle blast severity as measured in terms of the percentage of diseased spikelets. According to the simulation that uses ground-based sensor data, airborne multispectral scanners may be effective in detecting the occurrence of panicle blast using a band combination of 530- to 570- and 650- to 700-nm regions at the dough stage.  相似文献   

Effects of 17beta-estradiol,bisphenol A and tributyltin chloride on germ cells of Caenorhabditis elegans     

Hoshi H  Kamata Y  Uemura T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(8):881-885

Effects of a one-generation exposure to a natural estrogen, 17beta-estradiol (E2), and environmental pollutants such as bisphenol A (BPA) and tributyltin chloride (TBTCL) on the number of germ cells were investigated in the hermaphrodite Caenorhabditis elegans. The eggs of gravid adult worms isolated by alkaline hypochlorite treatment were seeded on a test chemical-containing NGM (nematode growth medium) agar plate without cholesterol. After incubation for 6 days at 16 degrees C, the germ cells of adult worms were stained with 4', 6-diamino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI). The staining procedure was completed within one hour and the stained germ cells were counted under a fluorescence microscope without dissection. The number of germ cells in the worms treated with E2 (10(-10)-10(-6) M) and BPA (10(-9)-10 (-5) M) was significantly increased. Maximal increases were observed at 10(-8) M E2 (156 +/- 15.3% of control) and 10(-5) M BPA (168 +/- 20.0 % of control). TBTCL (10(-9)-10(-6) M) significantly decreased the number of germ cells. The minimal decrease was observed at 10(-6) M TBTCL (30.2 +/- 3.51% of control). These results indicate that changes in the number of germ cells are a sensitive indicator of the effects of chemicals on the reproductive system. Since the method described in this paper is a novel, simple, time- and money-saving bioassay, C. elegans is an excellent model with which to determine the reproductive toxicity of chemicals including environmental pollutants.  相似文献   

Characterization of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase,C3 exoenzyme     

Kamata Y  Hoshi H  Choki H  Kozaki S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(9):767-771

A monoclonal antibody, named C302, was prepared and characterized against botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase C3 exoenzyme that inactivates RhoA GTP-binding protein, resulting in the neurite outgrowth of human neuroblastoma GOTO cells. C302 bound not to the smaller fragments derived from the protease-treated C3 exoenzyme but to the intact C3 exoenzyme. It seems that the C302 epitope may depend on the three-dimensional structure of C3 exoenzyme molecule. C302 depressed the enzymatic and biological actions of C3 exoenzyme. The dose-dependent depression pattern of C302 on the enzyme activity was similar to that to the biological one. C302 turned the neurite-bearing shape of the C3 exoenzyme-treated GOTO cells into the intact shape. By using of C302 mAb and C3 exoenzyme, the research concerning GTP-binding proteins would be improved.  相似文献