Kinetics of soil microbial uptake of free amino acids   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

L. C. Vinolas  J. R. Healey  D. L. Jones 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2001,33(1):67-74

 Amino acids and proteins typically form the biggest input of organic-N into most soils and provide a readily available source of C and N for soil microorganisms. Amino acids can also be taken up directly by plant roots, providing an alternative source of available soil N. However, the degree to which plants can compete against the soil microbial population for amino acids in soil solution remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to measure the rate of microbial uptake of three contrastingly charged ¹⁴C-labelled amino acids (glutamate^1–, glycine⁰, lysine^0.9+) over a wide concentration range (0.1–5 mM) and in two contrastingly managed soils varying in their degree of erosion, organic-C content and microbial biomass. Amino acid uptake was concentration dependent and conformed to a single Michaelis-Menten equation. The mean maximum amino acid uptake rate (V _max) for the non-eroded (control) soil (high organic-C, high biomass) was 0.13±0.02 mmol kg^–1 h^–1, while half maximal uptake occurred at a concentration (K _m) of 2.63±0.07 mM. Typically, V _max was fourfold lower and K _m twofold lower in the eroded soil (low available organic-C, low biomass) compared to the non-eroded (control) soil. Amino acid substrate concentration had little effect on the proportion of amino acid utilized in catabolic versus anabolic metabolism and was similar for both. While the results obtained here represent the summation of kinetics for a mixed soil population, they indicate that amino acid uptake is saturated at concentrations within the millimolar range. Because the affinity constants also were similar to those described for plant roots, we hypothesized that competition for amino acids between plants and microbes will be strong in soil but highly dependent upon the spatial distribution of roots and microbes in soil. Received: 2 March 2000  相似文献   

“小麦/玉米/大豆”套作体系中不同作物间的相互作用及氮素的转移、吸收   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

雍太文  杨文钰  任万军  樊高琼  向达兵 《核农学报》2009,23(2):320-326

在根系分隔盆栽条件下,采用15N土壤稀释标记方法,研究了“小麦/玉米/大豆”三熟套作体系不同作物间的相互作用及氮素的转移、吸收利用特性。结果表明,“小麦/玉米/大豆”套作体系促进小麦对肥料氮和土壤氮的吸收,不分隔处理的生物产量、15N总吸收量和总回收率得到显著提高,土壤残留15N丰度及总氮含量明显降低;玉米表现出套作优势（Awc<0,NCRwc<0）,不分隔处理的籽粒产量、籽粒15N吸收量、15N总回收率、土壤残留15N丰度及总氮含量较分隔处理提高17.17%、24.52%、17.63%、13.9%和10.1%;大豆表现出套作劣势,不分隔处理的15N总吸收量、籽粒15N吸收量、15N总回收率和土壤残留15N丰度降低,土壤总氮含量提高6.06%。“小麦/玉米/大豆”套作体系存在氮素的双向转移,以玉米向小麦、大豆向玉米转移为主。  相似文献   

苏北麦田野燕麦与麦类作物生存竞争现象研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

钱希 《南京农业大学学报》1996,19(3):17-22

对苏北麦田野燕麦（ＡｖｅｕａｆａｔｎａＬ．）与麦类作物生存竞争现象的观察结果表明，混生在一起的麦类作物与野燕麦，在初始群体基本相同的公平竞争条件下，麦类作物的生存竞争能力超过野燕麦，两者的生存有竞争现象自分蘖开始时已出现；随着生育进程的推移日趋尖锐，至拔节抽穗期达到高峰，麦类作物的相对竞争力在出苗分蘖期是野燕麦的１～２倍，返青拔期是野燕麦２～３倍，至抽穗成熟期达到３～４倍。作者还发现，麦类作物在种  相似文献   

生态位理论及其测度研究进展   总被引：71，自引：3，他引：71  

李契  朱金兆  朱清科 《北京林业大学学报》2003,2(1):100-107

许多学者都试图给生态位下定义 ,但最具代表性的当推Grinnell、Elton和Hutchinson分别给出的“空间生态位”、“功能生态位”和“多维超体积生态位”定义 ;生态位测度包括生态位宽度、生态位重叠、生态位体积及生态位维数等 ,其中生态位宽度和生态位重叠是描述一个物种的生态位以及物种生态位间关系的重要指标 .该文列举并分析了每一个测度公式的优缺点 ,进而优选出适合森林群落的生态位计测公式 .指出利用性竞争的一个必要条件是生态位重叠 ,但重叠并不一定导致竞争 ,竞争是在资源供应不足且生态位重叠条件下形成的 .  相似文献   

基于种间竞争的遗传算法的改进   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

陈建能 《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,32(1):127-129

提出基于种间竞争的基本遗传算法的改进算法,并编写程序实现该改进算法.通过考核实例计算,发现改进后的算法具有更强的鲁棒性.  相似文献   

乳源木莲混交林种内及种间竞争研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

詹步清 《福建林学院学报》2002,22(3):274-277

利用单木竞争指数模型 ,研究富口和黄坑乳源木莲种内和种间的竞争强度的大小 ,结果表明 :间伐时间的不同 ,对乳源木莲种内与种间竞争强度影响很大 ,富口和黄坑种间竞争均大于种内竞争 ,但黄坑的乳源木莲种内和种间的竞争强度均大于富口 .竞争指数与对象木胸径符合幂函数关系 ,并达到显著水平 ,乳源木莲种内、种间及整个林分的竞争强度随着对象木胸径的增大而下降 ,并维持在较低的水平  相似文献   

Two-year development of southern pine seedlings and associated vegetation following spray-and-burn site preparation with imazapyr alone or in mixture with other herbicides     

Harrington  Timothy B.  Minogue  Patrick J.  Lauer  Dwight K.  Ezell  Andrew W. 《New Forests》1998,15(1):89-106

Eight herbicide combinations containing imazapyr alone or in mixture with glyphosate, triclopyr, or picloram+2,4-D were applied July–August 1991 at each of three upland sites in the southeastern U.S., with or without a subsequent broadcast burn in September. Seedlings of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) or slash (P. elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) pine were planted that winter. Second-year (August 1993) vegetation responses indicate that broadcast burning, in combination with herbicides, was associated with increased abundances of grasses, forbs, and shrubs and decreased abundances of vines and hardwood trees. In the presence of burning, imazapyr-in-mixture treatments were associated with a high abundance of grass (53% cover) and a mean size of pines less than that of seedlings growing in imazapyr-alone treatments. In the absence of burning, imazapyr-alone treatments were associated with a high abundance of blackberry (21% cover), an average height of hardwoods (131 cm) exceeding that of pines (71 cm), and a mean size of pines less than that of trees growing in imazapyr-in-mixture treatments. Hardwood height in the absence of burning was less when imazapyr was combined with glyphosate (75 cm) than with triclopyr (102 cm). Regardless of the presence or absence of burning, size of pines and abundance of shrubs and hardwoods did not differ between imazapyr rates of 0.56 and 0.84 kg acid equivalent/ha or among herbicides applied in mixture with imazapyr.  相似文献   

小兴安岭红松针阔混交林林分空间结构分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

侯红亚  王立海 《森林工程》2012,28(1):1-5

用角尺度、混交度、大小比数3个空间结构参数对黑龙江省凉水自然保护区的红松针阔混交林进行分析,用Hegyi竞争指数分析种内种间竞争关系,为制定合理的森林保护措施提供依据。分析结果表明:林木分布格局为随机分布;总体来看该林分处于强度混交向极强度混交过渡的状态,单一树种聚集在一起的情况较少,大多与其它不同树种混交;各树种在林木大小分化程度上存在很大差异,针叶树种较占优势,阔叶树种则分化严重,既有占优势树种又有受压树种;林分的种内竞争大于种间竞争。  相似文献   

Performance of Bangladesh indigenous rice in a weed infested field and separation of allelopathy from resource competition     

Sheikh Muhammad Masum  Mohammad Amzad Hossain  Hikaru Akamine  Jun‐Ichi Sakagami  Takahiro Ishii  Ichiro Nakamura  Md. Asaduzzaman  Prasanta Chitta Bhowmik 《Weed Biology and Management》2019,19(2):39-50

This study aimed to identify the potential allelopathic indigenous rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) varieties from Bangladesh using a performance study in a weed‐infested field and to assess the extent of allelopathic interference relative to resource competition in a glasshouse experiment. Six varieties – namely, “Boterswar,” “Goria,” “Biron” and “Kartiksail” as the most allelopathic, “Hashikolmi” as weakly allelopathic and “Holoi” as nonallelopathic – were raised following a nonweed control method. The infestation levels of weed species were calculated using Simpson's Diversity Index (SDI), which ranged from 0.2 to 0.56. However, a significant correlation coefficient (0.87, P < 0.001) was obtained from these field data compared with the root inhibition percentage from the laboratory bioassay, and the “Boterswar” variety was the most allelopathic. The interactions between the allelopathic variety “Boterswar,” weakly allelopathic variety “Hashikolmi” and Echinochloa oryzicola via a target (rice)‐adjacent (E. oryzicola) cogrowth culture were determined in a hydroponic arrangement. The relative competitive intensity (RCI) and the relative neighbor effect (RNE) values showed that the crop–weed interaction was facilitation for “Boterswar” and competition for “Hashikolmi” and E. oryzicola in rice/E. oryzicola cogrowth cultures. The allelopathic effects of “Boterswar” were much higher than the resource competition in rice/E. oryzicola cogrowth cultures. The converse was observed for “Hashikolmi.” Moreover, the mineral content of E. oryzicola was severely affected by “Boterswar”/E. oryzicola cogrowth cultures’ exudate solution. Therefore, the allelopathic potential of “Boterswar” variety might be useful for developing the weed‐suppressing capacity of rice, which will likely have a significant influence on paddy weed control.  相似文献   

塔里木河流域灰叶胡杨种内竞争研究     

韩路  王海珍  周正立  李志军 《塔里木大学学报》2006,18(2):1-4

用Hegyi单木竞争指数模型对塔里木河流域的灰叶胡杨种内竞争进行了定量分析。结果表明:种内竞争强度随着林木径级、龄级的增大而逐渐减小;当灰叶胡杨胸高直径达到30 cm或龄级达120年以上时,竞争强度变化很小,种群结构基本稳定。竞争指数随着树冠面积、树高的变化呈现与径级、龄级类似的变化规律,表明树冠面积、树高可作为衡量竞争强度的参数。  相似文献