生物—电氧化法去除海水养殖循环水污染物   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高怡菲  隗陈征  李伊晗  尹延明  宋婧  刘鹰 《水产学报》2020,44(7):1137-1146

为提高海水养殖循环水处理效率,降低处理成本,本研究采用曝气生物滤器与电化学阳极氧化组合工艺,考察了不同阳极电势、进水氨氮和亚硝酸盐浓度下系统对氨氮及亚硝酸盐等污染物的去除效果,研究了微生物与工作电极之间的相互作用,并分析了电化学反应能耗。在水力停留时间为45 min、1.4 V阳极电压、进水氨氮和亚硝酸盐浓度分别为4.5和1.3 mg/L条件下,生物—电氧化法对氨氮去除率达88.8%,高出对照组7.6%,出水氨氮和亚硝酸盐浓度分别为0.5和0.9 mg/L,COD去除率为88.2%,高出对照组19.4%,平均能耗0.040 kWh/m~3,电极表面微生物生长对阳极电氧化过程有促进作用,微生物功能预测显示实验组硝化功能占比为0.03%,对照组为0.07%。研究表明,生物—电氧化法对海水养殖循环水的污染物有良好的去除效果,具有一定的发展应用潜力。  相似文献   

纤维素、滤纸纤维分别与淀粉混合瘤胃体外发酵的比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王梦芝  陈明  王洪荣  李国祥  张洁 《家畜生态学报》2007,28(4):36-39

以3只瘘管羊作为瘤胃液供体,用体外法研究可溶性淀粉和纤维素与滤纸纤维不同NSC/SC水平组合的体外发酵规律.底物使用可溶性淀粉与纯纤维素、可溶性淀粉与滤纸纤维,NSC/SC比例为:100:0、70:30、50:50、30:70、0:100.结果表明:不同的NSC/SC水平组合比较,以70:30组发酵状态最佳;滤纸纤维较纤维素总体发酵水平为低.  相似文献   

Effects of no‐take area size and age of marine protected areas on fisheries yields: a meta‐analytical approach     

Frederic Vandeperre  Ruth M. Higgins  Julio Sánchez‐Meca  Francesc Maynou  Raquel Goñi  Pablo Martín‐Sosa  Angel Pérez‐Ruzafa  Pedro Afonso  Iacopo Bertocci  Romain Crec’hriou  Giovanni D’Anna  Mark Dimech  Carmelo Dorta  Oscar Esparza  Jesús M. Falcón  Aitor Forcada  Ivan Guala  Laurence Le Direach  Concepción Marcos  Celia Ojeda‐Martínez  Carlo Pipitone  Patrick J. Schembri  Vanessa Stelzenmüller  Ben Stobart  Ricardo S. Santos 《Fish and Fisheries》2011,12(4):412-426

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are often promoted as tools for biodiversity conservation as well as for fisheries management. Despite increasing evidence of their usefulness, questions remain regarding the optimal design of MPAs, in particular concerning their function as fisheries management tools, for which empirical studies are still lacking. Using 28 data sets from seven MPAs in Southern Europe, we developed a meta‐analytical approach to investigate the effects of protection on adjacent fisheries and asking how these effects are influenced by MPA size and age. Southern European MPAs showed clear effects on the surrounding fisheries, on the ‘catch per unit effort’ (CPUE) of target species, but especially on the CPUE of the marketable catch. These effects depended on the time of protection and on the size of the no‐take area. CPUE of both target species and the marketable catch increased gradually by 2–4% per year over a long time period (at least 30 years). The influence of the size of the no‐take area appeared to be more complex. The catch rates of the entire fishery in and around the MPA were higher when the no‐take areas were smaller. Conversely, catch rates of selected fisheries that were expected to benefit most from protection increased when the no‐take area was larger. Our results emphasize the importance of MPA size on its export functions and suggest that an adequate, often extended, time frame be used for the management and the evaluation of effectiveness of MPAs.  相似文献   

Catch per unit effort standardization of the eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) fleet     

Brian C. Battaile  Terrance J. Quinn II   《Fisheries Research》2004,70(2-3):161-177

A general linear model (GLM) was used to standardize catch per unit effort (CPUE) data for Alaska walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from the Bering Sea fleet for the years 1995–1999. Data were stratified temporally by year and season and spatially by area using either Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) or National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) reporting areas. Four factors were used: vessel identification (ID) number, vessel speed, percentage of pollock by weight in the haul (a measure of targeting), and whether most of the haul took place before or after sunset. At least 29 combinations of main effects, quadratic covariates, and interactions were tested for each year/area/season stratum. GLM models explained from 31 to 48% of the total sums of squares. Vessel identification number was included in all models and explained the most variability. Of the remaining factors, the square of the percentage of pollock in the haul was included in most models, following an F-test to determine parsimony. Analysis of the vessel identification number coefficients indicated that larger vessels tended to have higher CPUEs; and that this relationship differed between dedicated catcher vessels and offshore catcher processors. Coefficient estimates and response surfaces generally indicated increased CPUEs with the percentage of pollock in the haul and showed mixed results with vessel speed. The vessel identification number incorporated most vessel characteristics, leaving vessel speed primarily as a fitting variable with less biological meaning. The year/area/season stratification procedure was found to be necessary due to the unbalanced design, which otherwise would have factor levels with no data in a large combined model. In addition, the stratification procedure reduced the variability in CPUE substantially.  相似文献   

应用分层抽样技术估计北部湾底拖网渔业产量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

莫苑敏  龚超  冯波  卢伙胜 《现代渔业信息》2014,(3):211-214

传统的按行政单元逐级上报的渔业产量调查方法在数据获取过程中受人为因素的干扰,而全面普查的方法受限于时间和经费,相比而言,抽样调查是一种科学合理的方法。本研究于2007年8月对北部湾底拖网产量进行了调查,以全体底拖网渔船为抽样总体,按功率段划分了抽样层次,按比例分配了抽样单元数,分别以生产渔船总数和总功率数推算总产量,并比较了这两种方法的方差。结果表明,用每kW平均产量估计总产量的变异系数为1.13%,用单船平均产量估计总产量的变异系数为14.65%。同时由于渔业抽样调查的难点在于总体船数的掌握,建议统计推断时,采用单位渔捞努力量渔获量（CPUE）推算总体渔获量。  相似文献   

大型轴流泵装置性能预测的研究     

张改兰  冯卫民  程茜  郑明  文吉运 《节水灌溉》2007,(6):24-27

以樊口泵站的工程实际为背景,运用CFD数值模拟技术和方法,以肘型进水流道,屈膝式出水流道及40CJ-95型轴流泵为具体对象,对泵装置整体进行全面系统的研究.在额定转速下,改变叶片安装角,分别模拟各种不同叶片安装角下的工况,预测水泵性能,并和实际特性曲线进行比较;分别改变转速和叶片安装角,针对模拟结果分析预测装置性能,与模型试验值进行对比.结果表明:用基于有限体积法的双方程紊流模型对泵装置整体进行数值仿真研究,是可行、有效的;并且通过与已有实验成果比较,得出模拟计算结果与试验值吻合较好,表明计算结果可信.  相似文献   

Bacterial communities associated with natural and commercially grown rooibos (Aspalathus linearis)     

Casparus J. BRINK  Anneke POSTMA  Etienne SLABBERT  Ferdinand POSTMA  A. Muthama MUASYA  Karin JACOBS 《土壤圈》2020,30(6):778-790

Aspalathus linearis is a commercially important plant species endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa and is used to produce a herbal tea known as rooibos tea. Symbiotic interactions between A. linearis and soil bacteria play an important role in the survival of Aspalathus plants in the highly nutrient-poor, acidic fynbos soil. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare rhizosphere and bulk soil bacterial communities associated with natural and commercially grown A. linearis, as well as the effect of seasonal changes on these communities. Bacterial communities were characterized using high throughput amplicon sequencing, and their correlations with soil chemical properties were investigated. The N-fixing bacterial community was characterized using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria were the most dominant bacterial phyla detected in this study. Highly similar bacterial communities were associated with natural and commercially grown plants. Significant differences in the bacterial community were observed between rhizosphere and bulk soils collected in the dry season, while no significant differences were detected in the wet season. This study provides insights into bacterial community structure and potential factors shaping bacterial community structure with commercially important A. linearis.  相似文献   

基于ADAMS的随动复合平衡抽油机动力仿真     

华剑  童新华 《长江大学学报》2010,7(2):108-110

介绍了随动复合平衡抽油机的结构和基本参数,对曲柄净扭矩的计算公式进行了推导,说明了利用ADAMS进行抽油机动力仿真的基本步骤,给出了模型的建立和加载的方法,并对仿真结果进行了分析。分析结果表明,与异相型曲柄平衡抽油机相比,随动复合平衡抽油机的动力性能得以改善,具有较好的节能效果。  相似文献   

浅析真空转鼓过滤机的过滤效果   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苗丽娜  刘忠恩  张玉善  那明亮 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2012,24(5):26-28

介绍大庆石化公司硫氰酸钠回收装置真空转鼓过滤机的结构及工作原理,重点讨论影响过滤效果的主要因素,针对进料、预涂效果和真空度等方面的影响,提出所采取的措施,来保证真空转鼓过滤机的过滤效果。  相似文献   

Removal of Vegetative Clippings Reduces Dissolved Phosphorus Loss in Runoff     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(11):1555-1564

Rainfall simulation was used to study the vegetative filter strip (VFS) conditions under which losses of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) leaching occur. Boxes containing silt loam soil were planted with ryegrass and cut at two different intervals prior to simulated rainfall 14 days apart. Grass clippings were either removed or retained. During the second simulated rainfall, runoff TDP and DRP were greater for treatments cut the day before irrigation with clippings retained as compared to treatments cut the same day as irrigation with clippings retained. Removing clippings yielded the lowest mean TDP and DRP concentrations. Increasing the senesced vegetative surface area for contact with water, and the amount of time for leaching to occur, resulted in the greatest DRP loss. The VFS management implications should consider clipping removal or no or reduced mowing during the growing season followed by end-of-season removal to reduce DRP leaching losses.  相似文献