Demography of Abutilon theoprasti and Setaria faberi in three crop rotation systems     

A H HEGGENSTALLER  & M LIEBMAN 《Weed Research》2006,46(2):138-151

Field experiments were conducted to characterize the demography of Abutilon theophrasti and Setaria faberi in a conventionally managed 2‐year (maize/soya bean) rotation, and in 3‐year (maize/soya bean/triticale + red clover) and 4‐year (maize/soya bean/triticale + lucerne/lucerne) rotations managed with 72% and 79% lower herbicide inputs respectively. Rates of weed seedling recruitment, seedling survival and adult plant fecundity were determined for populations in each phase of each rotation and used to calculate annual rates of weed population change, Δ. In both years of the study, Δ for A. theophrasti populations declined or remained stable in all three rotation systems. Despite greater rates of seedling survival and fecundity in maize and soya bean in the 3‐ and 4‐year rotations, increases in Δ for A. theophrasti populations were prevented in these systems because of low fecundity in triticale and low seedling survival and fecundity in lucerne. For Setaria faberi populations, Δ remained stable in the 2‐year rotation, increased in the 3‐year rotation in both years, and increased in the 4‐year rotation in 1 year. The results of this study indicate that when herbicide use is reduced, rotations that include triticale and lucerne can facilitate the suppression of A. theophrasti. Rotations that include lucerne can contribute to restraining S. faberi population growth, given adequate levels of seedling mortality in this crop.  相似文献   

小黑麦与黑麦花序结构和籽粒特性比较     

刘汉成  田新会  杜文华 《草业学报》2018,27(7):120-132

植物的花序结构及其形态特征是影响种子生产性能的重要因素。对于禾本科植物而言,其花序大小、小穗数、小花数及小花的外稃、内稃和芒的性状特征直接影响种子形成和产量。本研究通过测定小黑麦品系C2、C35和黑麦品系C13、C33的花序结构特征,得到以下结果:小黑麦花序[(14.30±0.52) cm×(1.24±0.09) cm]明显大于黑麦[(13.20±0.35) cm×(0.82±0.02) cm],小黑麦花序长而粗,黑麦花序短而细;小黑麦花序的小穗数[(21.35±1.47)个]少于黑麦[(30.20±0.79)个];小黑麦每个小穗的小花数较多,为3~4朵,黑麦的小花数趋于稳定,每个小穗有2朵小花。从花序中部小穗的小花结构看,小黑麦下位护颖长[(1.27±0.11) cm]和宽[(0.26±0.03) cm]、上位护颖长[(1.30±0.09) cm]和宽[(0.23±0.04) cm]均显著大于黑麦下位护颖长[(1.04±0.05) cm]和宽[(0.08±0.01) cm]、上位护颖长[(0.94±0.10) cm]和宽[(0.06±0.01) cm];小黑麦中部小穗第1小花的外稃宽[(0.32±0.03) cm]、外稃高[(0.24±0.03) cm]和芒长[(8.35±0.51) cm]、第2小花的外稃宽[(0.35±0.04) cm]、外稃高[(0.25±0.05) cm]和芒长[(8.37±1.19) cm]极显著大于黑麦相应值[(0.26±0.01),(0.15±0.01),(5.50±0.19),(0.25±0.01),(0.17±0.01)和(5.18±0.23) cm];第1和第2小花的外稃长[(1.35±0.06),(1.37±0.06) cm]和内稃长[(0.84±0.04),(1.41±0.06) cm]均小于黑麦的外稃长[(1.49±0.05),(1.47±0.05) cm]和内稃长[(1.45±0.05),(1.47±0.04) cm]。小黑麦的穗粒数[(52.50±1.80)粒]显著低于黑麦[(58.50±2.50)粒] (P<0.05),但其穗粒重[(2.08±0.04) g]、粒重[(0.04±0.00) g]和籽粒宽[(3.04±0.32) mm]均极显著高于黑麦 (P<0.01),每个花序的籽粒不仅体积大,而且质量较重,其籽粒的生产性能高于黑麦。小黑麦籽粒呈椭圆形或长卵圆形,浅黄色,表皮皱缩,饱满度差;黑麦籽粒呈窄纺锤形,青灰色,表皮光滑,籽粒饱满。小黑麦和黑麦花序结构与籽粒性状的Pearson相关分析表明,小黑麦花序宽和花序基部小穗数与籽粒长显著正相关(P<0.05),花序长与籽粒宽极显著正相关(P<0.01),花序中部小穗的下、上位护颖宽分别与穗粒重和穗粒数极显著正相关(P<0.01);黑麦花序中部小穗第2小花的内稃长与籽粒长显著正相关(P<0.05),外稃高与穗粒数极显著负相关(P<0.01)。研究小黑麦和黑麦的花序结构和籽粒特征,对正确区分二者和了解其籽粒的生产性能具有重要意义,同时有利于小黑麦的示范推广。  相似文献   

人工合成小麦紫色胚芽鞘的遗传定位分析     

耿小红  武艳芍  余马 《贵州农业科学》2016,(7):11-13

为探明小麦花青素色素沉积的关键位点,以167份重组自交系群体为材料,利用已构建的高密度遗传图谱对来源于硬粒小麦(AABB)和节节麦亚种tauschii(DD)杂交后所得的人工合成小麦SHW-L1中控制紫色胚芽鞘的基因进行遗传定位。同时利用目标性状关联遗传区段对SHW-L1及其亲本进行基因型鉴定。结果表明:目标性状在重组自交系群体中表现为单基因遗传,且被定位于7D染色体,其关联遗传区段在异源六倍化过程中有遗传位点缺失。  相似文献   

113份饲草型六倍体小黑麦种质饲草产量与品质性状的评价     

王珊珊  谷海涛  谢慧芳  何绍冬  甘长波  卫小勇  孔广超 《草业学报》2023,32(1):192-202

种质资源是遗传研究与作物改良的基础。饲草产量与品质是决定饲草型小黑麦品种利用价值的重要指标。本研究以113份国内外小黑麦种质为材料，通过2年田间种植，对其饲草产量与品质性状进行了分析与评价。结果表明参试小黑麦种质的饲草产量及其品质性状存在极显著差异，其单株鲜草产量分别为36.000～111.560 g与36.310～159.780 g，单株干草产量分别为12.000～27.000 g与9.150～30.150 g，鲜干比分别为2.380～4.370与2.610～6.210，饲草粗蛋白含量分别为6.894%～13.259%与6.680%～14.304%，饲草中性洗涤纤维含量分别为48.480%～74.850%与53.850%～67.980%，酸性洗涤纤维含量分别为26.600%～42.780%与29.000%～39.280%，饲草的相对饲用价值分别为69.650～128.150与79.840～113.170。饲草产量与品质性状的多样性指数范围为1.974～2.075。主成分分析表明，饲草纤维品质因子、饲草产量因子与综合品质因子为前3个主成分，其累计贡献率为82.198%。依据单株干草产量...  相似文献   

秸秆覆盖与镇压对小黑麦生长状况的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄婷  董召荣  夏琦  马运才  张淼  张成礼  刘培发 《干旱地区农业研究》2011,29(6):92-96

以小黑麦作为研究材料,通过设置5种不同的秸秆覆盖与镇压处理,在小黑麦的各个生长期对其进行生理指标的测定,研究秸秆覆盖与镇压对小黑麦鲜重和干物质重、株高、次生根、叶片数的影响.试验结果表明:5种处理下小黑麦的生长状况呈现出了:A4＞ A3＞ A＞ A1＞ A5.而且A4处理下小黑麦的生长状况明显大于其他各组处理下小黑麦的...  相似文献   

异源八倍体小黑麦劲松81在贵州的产量表现     

王竹  吕知敏  程治军  董永琴  李晓梅  刘淑芬  英敏  毛春 《贵州农业科学》2007,35(5):30-31

异源八倍体小黑麦劲松81于2006年通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种具有矮秆、高产、稳产、易脱粒、结实率高、饱满度好,营养品质优异,对白粉病免疫,适应性广,再生能力强,可在早春割苗作饲料,粮饲兼用等优点。在中等、中下等肥力旱地中其区域试验平均产量226.14~251.6 kg/667m2,比劲松49(CK)增产12.84%~16.63%,居参试品种之首。生产试验平均产量258.5 kg/667m2,最高产量达348 kg/667m2,比CK增产17.66%,适宜在贵州海拔为1000~2300 m的高寒山区、半山区,中部麦区的中、下等肥力旱地以及省外生态环境近似的地区种植。  相似文献   

Quantitative trait loci analysis for root traits in synthetic hexaploid wheat under drought stress conditions          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Rui-xuan  WU Fang-kun  YI Xin  LIN Yu  WANG Zhi-qiang  LIU Shi-hang  DENG Mei  MA Jian  WEI Yu-ming  ZHENG You-liang  LIU Ya-xi 《农业科学学报》2020,19(8):1947-1960

Synthetic hexaploid wheat(SHW), possesses numerous genes for drought that can help breeding for drought-tolerant wheat varieties. We evaluated 10 root traits at seedling stage in 111 F9 recombinant inbred lines derived from a F2 population of a SHW line(SHW-L1) and a common wheat line, under normal(NC) and polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress conditions(DC). We mapped quantitative trait loci(QTLs) for root traits using an enriched high-density genetic map containing 120 370 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs), 733 diversity arrays technology markers(DArT) and 119 simple sequence repeats(SSRs). With four replicates per treatment, we identified 19 QTLs for root traits under NC and DC, and 12 of them could be consistently detected with three or four replicates. Two novel QTLs for root fresh weight and root diameter under NC explained 9 and 15.7% of the phenotypic variation respectively, and six novel QTLs for root fresh weight, the ratio of root water loss, total root surface area, number of root tips, and number of root forks under DC explained 8.5–14% of the phenotypic variation. Here seven of eight novel QTLs could be consistently detected with more than three replicates. Results provide essential information for fine-mapping QTLs related to drought tolerance that will facilitate breeding drought-tolerant wheat cultivars.  相似文献   

Hybrid breeding for biomass yield in winter triticale: II. Combining ability and hybrid prediction     

Johannes Trini  Hans Peter Maurer  Sigrid Weissmann  Tobias Würschum 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(5):906-915

Accurate hybrid prediction and knowledge about the relative contribution of general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) are of utmost importance for efficient hybrid breeding. We therefore evaluated 91 triticale single-cross hybrids in field trials at seven environments for plant height, heading time, fresh biomass, dry matter content and dry biomass. Fresh and dry biomass showed the highest proportion (23%) of variance due to SCA. Prediction accuracies based on GCA were slightly higher than based on mid-parent values. Utilizing parental kinship information yielded the highest prediction accuracies when both parental lines have been tested in other hybrid combinations, but still moderate-to-low prediction accuracies for two untested parents. Thus, hybrid prediction for biomass traits in triticale is currently promising based on mid-parent values as emphasized by our simulation study, but can be expected to shift to GCA-based prediction with an increasing importance of GCA due to selection in hybrid breeding. Moreover, the performance of potential hybrids between newly developed lines can be predicted with moderate accuracy using genomic relationship information.  相似文献   

冬性小黑麦花药培养的基因型和培养基效应的研究     

曹禹  李鹏飞  甘玲玉  孙娜  魏凌基 《新疆农业科学》2007,44(Z3):97-100

为提高冬性小黑麦的花药培养效率,以5个冬性小黑麦杂交组合的F1为材料,分别接种到四种培养基上,研究了冬性小黑麦花药离体培养中不同基因型和不同培养基以及不同培养条件对花药培养效率的影响。结果表明,基因型差异和培养基差异对愈伤组织的诱导有显著影响,不同基因型对花药的愈伤组织的再分化频率也有显著影响。对冬H329转分化后的愈伤组织进行了4℃的低温处理,不同的处理时间对绿苗分化率也有一定的影响,处理96 h绿苗分化率最高达22.22%。  相似文献   

人工合成小麦与普通小麦杂交后代衍生群体的Rht8基因分析     

杨松杰  王岩军  李俊  刘世贵  杨武云 《勤云标准版测试》2007,(2)

【目的】四倍体小麦与节节麦杂交培育的人工合成小麦已广泛应用于国内外小麦品种改良。通过研究人工合成小麦与普通小麦杂交后代的Rht8基因型,有助于提高分子标记育种效率,也有助于Rht8基因型的多态性研究,并为人工合成小麦在中国小麦品种改良和分子标记育种中的应用提供依据和方法;【方法】以引自CIMMYT的人工合成小麦分别与中国四川成都平原主栽普通小麦品种杂交、回交的BC2F2:6后代群体中选育的113份优良高代系和川麦38、川麦42、川麦43和川麦47育成品种为材料,采用特异引物的PCR扩增和改进的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对其Rht8基因型进行了研究;【结果】在以syn768、Syn769、Syn780和Syn786人工合成小麦为亲本的117份后代衍生群体检测材料中,Rht8基因型频率为77.78%。从每一个人工合成小麦形成的小的后代衍生群体看,Rht8基因型频率各不相同。以syn768为亲本的后代衍生群体,Rht8基因型频率最高,为96.70%;在以syn769为亲本而育成的优良高代系和川麦38、川麦42与川麦43育成品种中,Rht8基因型频率最低,为71.64%;以Syn780为亲本的后代衍生群体中,Rht8基因型频率为73.68%,分离比率约为3:1;以Syn786为亲本育成的材料只有川麦47,该品种不含有Rht8该基因;【结论】不论父本或母本的Rht8的基因型状况如何,它们所产生的杂交后代材料Rht8基因的遗传是随机的。  相似文献