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71.
To obtain the basic information on fruit set regulation, effects of several RNases including S-RNase on pollen tube growth and RNA degradation in the tube were studied in the pear. Purified S-RNase from the Japanese pear ‘Kosui’ (S4S5) predominantly inhibited the growth of ‘Kosui’ pollen tubes (self) in vitro at 0.28 unit μL−1, but it inhibited ‘Chojuro’ (S2S3) pollen (cross) only slightly. The same unit of RNase T1 (EC 3.1.27.3) clearly inhibited the pollen tube growth, but the action was significantly weaker than that of the S-RNase against the self-pollen. Inhibitory effect of RNase T2 (EC 3.1.27.1) and RNase A (EC 3.1.27.5) was only slight. The proteins other than the S-RNase extracted from pear style did not have any inhibitory action, though they possessed RNase activity 3.8 times higher than S-RNase. Thus, RNases tested here could not substitute for the S-RNase in specific inhibition against the self-pollen tube growth. Total RNA degradation by each RNase occurred in the pollen tubes as following order; S-RNase (self) ≥T1 > T2 ≥ A > S-RNase (cross). Degradation degree of 28S and 18S rRNA was as follows; S-RNase (self) > A > T1 > T2 > S-RNase (cross). The degradation of 5.8S and 5S rRNA was; S-RNase (self) > S-RNase (cross) > A > T2 > T1. The degree of rRNA degradation was, thus, not always in parallel with the degree of pollen growth inhibition. The S-RNase may degrade not only rRNA but also mRNA essential for pollen tube growth, and may be specifically adapted to inhibit the growth of self-pollen tubes. Therefore, controlling S-RNase amount in the style will produce self-thinning cultivars efficiently, which are unnecessary not only for hand-pollination but fruit-thinning practices in the pear. Practically, cultivar with weak self-incompatibility and small amount of S-RNase, such as ‘Okusankichi’, may be an expecting candidate for breeding self-thinning cultivars. 相似文献
72.
观测了苹果(金冠)、梨(鸭梨)、山植(面值)的花粉萌发和花粉管生长情况,结果表明,Li2SO4的浓度越高、处理时间越早,花粉萌发和花粉管生长的抑制程度越大,Ca2+和肌醇可不同程度地逆转上述效应。因此认为,细胞内一定量的肌醇和Ca2+是果树花粉萌发和花粉管生长所必需的,并对维持正常的肌醇磷脂代谢是至关重要的。 相似文献
73.
草坪草种子活力的低温保存试验 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
用-30℃、-10℃、5℃和室内20~28℃(对照)对草地早熟禾、紫羊茅、高羊茅、剪股颖四种草坪草种子保存200d后分析得出,各草坪草种子要求冷藏温度不一样,恰当的低温保存可以保持原种子活力。草地早熟禾和剪股颖种子在-30℃~-10℃保存为好,紫羊茅以-30℃为佳,而高羊茅在200d内无需冷藏。 相似文献
74.
外源多胺对苹果花粉管伸长及胚珠寿命的影响 总被引:18,自引:2,他引:16
研究了多胺对苹果花粉管伸长及胚珠寿命的影响。结果表明,多胺能促进花粉管伸长,延缓胚珠衰老;多胺浓度以1×10-5mol/L较1×10-3mol/L效果为好。 相似文献
75.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):299-305
AbstractThe difference in the number of pollen grains may be the primary factor determining the resistance to cool weather at the young microspore stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. To confirm this hypothesis, we compared the number of pollen grains among the cultivars or lines with various cool-weather resistance. The cultivars or lines used in the experiments were mainly released or grown in the Tohoku district (the northern part of the mainland of Japan). The number of pollen grains showed high correlation with the degree of cool-weather resistance, but considerably varied with the cultivar or line, even in the group having the same cool-weather resistance. Each group with different cool-weather resistance was divided into two subgroups, implying the existence of another genetic factor determining the resistance. The number of pollen grains in the plants cooled at the young microspore stage showed higher correlation with the degree of the cool-weather resistance than that in the control plants without exposure to low temperature. The correlation between the pollen number and spikelet sterility was also analyzed using the data of Satake and Shibata (1992, Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 61 :454–462), who primarily used the cultivars in Hokkaido (the northernmost island of Japan). The results were basically the same as those obtained in the present experiments. These results confirmed the hypothesis that the variation in the number of pollen grains is a primary factor of the resistance to cool weather at the booting stage in the cultivars in the northern part of Japan. The results also suggested the existence of another genetic factor determining the resistance. 相似文献
76.
77.
精制马尾松花粉的营养和加工储藏技术 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文对马尾松花粉合理适时采摘,及时在常温35℃以下进行干燥,使含水量迅速下降为10%以下,经紫外线处理1~2小时达到灭菌控菌。经过加工处理的马尾松花粉,使之能储藏1~3年质量不变,与冰箱0~5℃储藏质量一样好。松花粉营养丰富,蛋白质含量较高,Fe、P、Mn、Ca、Zn含量多,Mg更为丰富,多种的营养成分,对人体健康有利,能促使体内元素平衡.马尾松花粉又是民间食疗珍品和传统中药材,因此,对加快开发马尾松花粉是有重大意义的。 相似文献
78.
79.
空气湿度对澳洲坚果开花座果和果实生长的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
花期的澳洲坚果植株随着空气湿度的降低,其花粉育性降低、座果率及光合产物(叶绿素含量、总糖含量和淀粉含量)下降、幼果生长速度减慢。试验结果表明:空气湿度的降低导致叶片光合作用能力下降,干物质积累少,生物产量降低,花粉萌发率低、花粉管生长速度慢,造成花期不遇、授粉受精不良、座果率低,最后造成产量降低。不同品种受空气湿度胁迫的影响程度不同,品种的内部生理特性、花粉育性以及产量都存在差异。澳洲坚果生长的适宜空气湿度为日平均空气湿度在50%以上。 相似文献
80.
Reproductive phenology was observed over three years in a Eucalyptus grandis seed orchard in Madagascar to determine the impact of geographic differences of parental selections on the expected genetic composition of seed crops. Pollen flow (observed pollen cloud) was deduced from a paternity assignment based on sampling from one year’s seed production. The two approaches were used to verify whether knowledge of phenology is sufficient to predict the genetic quality of the seeds collected. Despite the high flowering level, with a constant cycle over three years, the results demonstrated wide reproductive phenological differences associated with the parents’ origin, suggesting putative pollination disequilibrium. From both observed and expected pollen clouds, the results showed preferential mating among different provenances, which has consequences for seed crop composition. Phenological observations, which can be made inexpensively, can be used to promote methods of effective seed orchard management in order to improve the genetic quality of seeds. 相似文献