[CO₂]升高对粮食作物影响的研究进展     

宋练  蔡创  朱春梧 《农业环境科学学报》2020,39(4):786-796

自工业革命以来,由人类活动引起的大气CO_2浓度([CO_2])不断攀升,正驱动着全球气候变化,对全球农业产生重大影响。本文归纳总结了目前作物对高[CO_2]响应的主要研究技术手段,以及作物对高[CO_2]响应的机理研究,并进一步梳理了当前全球关于[CO_2]升高对作物产量和营养品质影响的研究。结果表明:相比封闭式或半封闭式环境控制试验系统,开放式试验系统(如开放式CO_2控制系统FACE)由于其能更加真实地模拟自然条件下作物对未来高[CO_2]的响应和适应情况,被公认为是目前研究作物对高[CO_2]响应的最理想手段。[CO_2]增高会增加C3作物光合速率、生物量和产量,在一定程度上缓解气候变化对农作物产生的负面影响,但是作物对大气[CO_2]的升高存在光合适应现象,当作物长期暴露在高[CO_2]条件下时,高[CO_2]对作物的促进作用会逐渐减缓。近10年的FACE试验发现,对高[CO_2]出现高应答的水稻品种,其光合速率和产量在高[CO_2]下的增加幅度比早期的主要粮食作物FACE试验结果平均高出两倍。此外,高[CO_2]会明显降低大部分非豆科C3作物中蛋白质和矿物质(如锌、铁)以及部分维生素的含量,加剧目前全球约2亿人由于维生素和矿物质元素等营养缺乏导致的健康问题。如何充分利用未来高[CO_2]实现高增产的同时,减缓粮食养分下降的负面影响,是迫切需要解决的科学问题。  相似文献   

牛病毒性腹泻病毒E2蛋白纳米抗体筛选及反应原性检测     

李岩  肖盛中  杨艳  张彦红  蔡卓轩  周子恒  张哲  盛金良 《畜牧与兽医》2021,(3):71-76

通过噬菌体展示技术筛选牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)重组E2蛋白特异性纳米抗体,验证纳米抗体反应原性。使用BVDV灭活疫苗免疫羊驼,分别在第0、21、49及70天采集全血,测得抗体效价后分离全血中淋巴细胞,提取总RNA,反转录后PCR扩增目的片段。目的片段和pCANTAB5E使用限制性内切酶酶切连接后转至TG1感受态细胞中,应用噬菌体展示技术构建VHH噬菌体展示文库。再经过3轮"吸附-洗脱-筛选"后得到与BVDV-E2结合的噬菌体,用ELISA鉴定其反应性。结果获得插入率为90.8%,库容为1.02×107 CFU/mL的文库。ELISA结果和序列分析显示,得到2条与E2蛋白具有良好反应性的纳米抗体且与VHH同源性较高的序列。研究结果为BVDV的防控和新型疫苗的研制奠定基础。  相似文献   

Histological and proteomics analysis of apple defense responses to the development of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on leaves     

《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2015

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. is an important fungal pathogen known to cause glomerella leaf spot (GLS). The objective of this study was to analyze the infection of C. gloeosporioides on leaves of apple cv. Fuji (resistant) and cv. Gala (susceptible) and apply proteomics techniques to study the apple defense responses 48 h after inoculation (h.a.i.). On both of cultivars, C. gloeosporioides started to germinate at 3 h.a.i. on adaxial surface and produced appressoria adhering to epidermal cell juxtapositions. Histological analysis showed more stratified parenchyma in leaves of cv. Fuji than cv. Gala associated with differences in the chemical composition of cell walls. Total and unique proteins expressed by cvs. Fuji and Gala at 3, 12, 24 and 48 h.a.i. were detected by comparative proteomes analysis. A total of 42 unique proteins expressed at 24 and 48 h.a.i. were identified by MALDI/TOF mass spectrometry, and most of these proteins were identified as directly involved in defense responses.  相似文献   

Virtual screening,synthesis, and bioactivity evaluation for the discovery of β‐N‐acetyl‐D‐hexosaminidase inhibitors     

Yawen Dong  Song Hu  Xiao Zhao  Qi He  Qing Yang  Li Zhang 《Pest management science》2020,76(9):3030-3037

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定植时期对菠萝自然开花及结果的影响     

刘胜辉  杨玉梅  朱祝英  孙伟生  吴青松  孙光明 《中国果业信息》2014,43(4)

以400g 左右的金菠萝大吸芽为材料，研究了不同定植时期（4月，6月，8月，10月）金菠萝植株生长状况、自然开花及结果情况进行了研究，结果表明：金菠萝大吸芽的定植时期影响其自然开花，4月和6月定植的金菠萝，自然开花率分别为95%和90%，8月为55%，10月为1%。4月和6月定植的所结果实在1kg以上，8月和10月定植的达不到商品要求。10月份定植金菠萝大吸芽可以有效预防自然开花现象的发生，8月份不适宜定植金菠萝大吸芽。  相似文献   

如何提高奥氏气体分析仪检测粮堆中CO_2和O_2浓度的准确度     

刘静  潘阳  吴达 《粮食储藏》2017,(3):45-48

介绍了检测粮堆中CO_2和O_2气体浓度所用奥氏气体分析仪的构造、原理、操作,提出了提高奥氏气体分析仪检测准确度的方法建议。  相似文献   

Dexmedetomidine attenuates acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice     

HUANG Qiang  XIA Ming-zhu  YANG Wen-jie  DAI Zhong-liang  JIANG Yuan-xu 《园艺学报》2017,33(10):1891-1895

AIM: To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice and to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS: Kunming mice (n=50) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10): normal saline control (NS) group, acute alcoholic hepatic injury model (E) group, low-dose (10 μg/kg) DEX (E+L) group, medium-dose (50 μg/kg) DEX (E+M) group and high-dose (100 μg/kg) DEX (E+H) group. The animals were sacrificed at 6 h after gavage of alcohol or normal saline. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. The livers were removed for evaluation of histological characteristics and determining the content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) amd interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the liver tissues by ELISA. The expression levels of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the liver tissues were evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with NS group, the levels of ALT, AST and TG were obviously increased in E group, which were obviously decreased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and MDA were obviously increase in E group, which were obviously decreased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, the activity of SOD and the content of GSH were obviously decreased in E group, which were obviously increased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, the expression of CYP2E1 and NF-κB was obviously increase in E group, which was obviously decreased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, ethanol induced marked liver histological injury, which was less pronounced in E+M and E+H groups. CONCLUSION: DEX has a protective effect on mouse liver with acute alcoholic injury by the involvement in the processes of antioxidation and antiinflammation, and its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of CYP2E1 and NF-κB expression.  相似文献   

哺乳动物Acot2基因的研究进展     

《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(10)

酰基辅酶A硫酯酶2(Acot2)是酰基辅酶A硫酯酶(Acots)家族成员之一,其将酰基辅酶A(CoA)水解成游离脂肪酸和CoA,具有维持细胞水平的游离脂肪酸和酰基CoA(游离脂肪酸的活化形式)的潜力,在脂质代谢中发挥重要作用。本文对Acot2基因的定位、结构特征、生理功能及其调控进行综述,以期对Acot2基因的进一步探究提供参考。  相似文献   

Role of miR-219 and TGFBR2 in pathogenesis of renal fibrosis     

LI Shuang-qing  YING Jun  XU Xu-chun 《园艺学报》2019,35(4):703-709

AIM:To study the role of microRNA-219 (miR-219) in regulation of transforming growth factor-β receptor type 2 (TGFBR2) in renal fibrosis. METHODS:The renal fibrosis patients (n=70) were selected in this stu-dy, and 20 cases of healthy people were selected as control group. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-219 in the serum of the patients with renal fibrosis and control group, and the expression of miR-219 in NRK49F cells after stimulation with angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) was detected. The protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the NRK49F cells transfected with miR-219 mimics after stimulation with AngⅡ was determined by Western blot. The potential target gene TGFBR2 of miR-219 was screened and verified by the method of luciferase reporter gene. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detected the effect of miR-219 mimics on the expression of TGFBR2 at mRNA and protein levels, and the mRNA expression of α-SMA, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), type I collagen α1 (COL1A1) and COL3A1 in the NRK49F cells was also detected, respectively. The unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO) mouse model was established and the expression of miR-219 in the renal tissue was monitored. The morphological change of renal fibrosis was observed in the UUO mice after injection of miR-219, and the mRNA expression levels of COL1A1 and COL3A1 were detected. RESULTS:The expression level of miR-219 in the patients with renal fibrosis was significantly lower than that in control group, and the expression of miR-219 in the UUO mice was decreased significantly (P<0.01). The expression level of miR-219 was significantly decreased in the NRK49F cells after AngⅡ stimulation, and miR-219 mimics inhibited the protein expression of α-SMA(P<0.01). miR-219 mimics had a targeted regulatory effect on TGFBR2 gene, which inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of TGFBR2. miR-219 mimics inhibited the mRNA expression of α-SMA, CTGF, COL1A1 and COL3A1. miR-219 also down-regulated the mRNA expression of COL1A1 and COL3A1 in the UUO mice and inhibited the process of renal fibrosis. CONCLUSION:miR-219 inhibits the development of renal fibrosis by inhibiting the expression of TGFBR2, which may become a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of renal fibrosis.  相似文献   

Search for regulatory factors of the pituitary-specific transcription factor PROP1 gene     

Naoto NISHIMURA  Hiroki UEHARU  Hiroto NISHIHARA  Shiori SHIBUYA  Saishu YOSHIDA  Masashi HIGUCHI  Naoko KANNO  Kotaro HORIGUCHI  Takako KATO  Yukio KATO 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2016,62(1):93-102

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