黄墟镇禽用浅井水质调查     

梁国飞  孙西战  陈朝富  邰林华  颜培实 《家畜生态》2008,(4):106-108

普查镇江市黄墟镇104口浅井水质,并长期监测了其中7口的水质。结果表明：pH值超标率为11．5％,总硬度仅有1口超标,且氯化物含量较低,属中性软水和低度碱性硬水区域;氨氮超标率70．4％,为主要面源污染物;监测的七口井氨氮浓度在七、八月份和十一、十二月份比较高,COD随着时间的推移呈现增加趋势,氯化物含量很低,且与总硬度呈线性关系,凸现种植业污染特征。  相似文献   

Summary of Ammonia and Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Poultry Operations     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2008,17(2):305-314

Limited data on pollutant emissions from poultry operations are available to assess the effect of these operations on the environment and to put their contribution in perspective with other sources of pollutants. To alleviate this problem, numerous studies at various poultry facilities have been undertaken to improve the knowledge base in quantifying emissions of NH₃ and size-fractionated particulate matter (PM). For these emission data to be of practical use for government agencies and policy makers, the emission rates must be reported as an emission factor with a production unit that enables the emissions from one poultry operation to be correlated to another poultry operation. This paper presents a compilation of NH₃ and PM emission data from several studies in the form of emission factor on a per-500 kg of live weight or animal unit basis. In addition, best management practices that lower pollutant emissions from poultry operations have been reported along with their effectiveness at reducing NH₃ and PM. Unfortunately, the compiled data were insufficient to characterize the variability in emissions caused by differences in house design, suggesting that more studies are needed to complete a comprehensive emission inventory. Once complete, this inventory will enable poultry producers to estimate emissions from their facilities and, if necessary, select management practice(s) to lessen their emissions of NH₃, PM, or both.  相似文献   

杨树溃疡病菌三菌系及诱导物对寄主两种酶活性的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘会香  朱玮 《西北林学院学报》1997,12(3):29-34

测定了杨树溃疡病菌（Ｄｏｔｈｉｏｒｅｌａｇｒｅｇａｒｉａ）三菌系直接感染及三菌系代谢产物、菌丝体提取物等两类诱导物诱导毛白杨（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｔｏｍｅｎｔｏｓａ）愈伤组织过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性。结果表明,两个不同生理型的杨树溃疡病菌对寄主过氧化物酶活性的诱导作用差异较大,但对苯丙氨酸解氨酸活性诱导作用的大小与不同生理型之间没有必然联系  相似文献   

草酸对黄瓜叶片中几种与抗病有关酶的系统诱导作用   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

张宗申  彭新湘  姜子德  李明启 《华南农业大学学报》1998,(1)

试验用盆栽黄瓜为材料,研究了草酸对黄瓜叶片中几种与抗病有关的酶的系统诱导作用．结果表明：００４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的草酸诱导几丁质酶总活性的效果最好;草酸和圆刺盘孢菌在１～７ｄ内可诱导几丁质酶活性持续提高,第７ｄ挑战接种后活性继续上升;草酸和圆刺盘孢菌诱导内切几丁质酶活性提高的倍数显著大于外切几丁质酶;在１～１１ｄ内,草酸对苯丙氨酸解胺酶的诱导效果不明显,而圆刺盘孢菌诱导该酶活性从第４ｄ开始上升;草酸和圆刺盘孢菌对黄瓜叶内过氧化氢酶活性的诱导作用,在前６ｄ表现抑制作用,然后酶活性恢复到对照水平．  相似文献   

Generation of volatile ammonia from urea fungicidal to Phellinus noxius in infested wood in soil under controlled conditions     

Chang  & Chang 《Plant pathology》1999,48(3):337-344

  相似文献   

冬小麦秸秆不同处理饲喂肉牛的效果观察   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘均贵  崔淘气  杨新然 《中国牛业科学》1999,(6)

将冬小麦秸秆经微贮、氨化处理后进行饲喂肉牛增重育肥试验,对照牛喂自然干麦秸。48 头供试牛(每组16 头),试验结果为:喂微贮麦秸组头均日增重0.89kg,喂氨化麦秸组头均日增重0.84kg,对照组头均日增重0.57kg。试验组与对照组比较差异极显著(P< 0.01),两试验组差异不显著(P> 0.05)。将各组耗料(包括精料、粗料)、增重按市价进行效益分析,60 天试验期结束,微贮组平均每头获得114.00 元,氨化组平均每头获利63.13 元,对照组平均每头亏损14.36 元。冬小麦秸杆处理后饲喂肉牛效果明显。微贮法优于氨化法,成本低,易操作,饲喂效果好,在农区应大力推广。  相似文献   

河蚬的耗氧率和排氨率   总被引：27，自引：2，他引：25  

刘其根  沈和定 《上海水产大学学报》1999,8(4):298-303

本试验研究了在饱食状态下各种大小的河蚬在下不同温度下的耗氧率和排氨率及其昼夜变化的特征。结果表明,温度和河蚬的个体大小均对其耗氧率和排氨率有显著影响。其中,河蚬耗氧率与其体重之间呈幂函数关系,排氨率与其体重之间呈指数函数关系;而温度对河蚬耗氧率和排氨率的影响,则表现为,在一定的温度范围内,河蚬的耗氧率和排氨率,随温度的升高而增加,超过某一温度,则随温度的的升高而降低。还发现,河蚬的耗氧率存在着明显  相似文献   

不同氮素形态及配比对蔬菜生长和品质的影响     

田霄鸿  王朝辉  李生秀 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1999,27(2):6-10

分别以纯水和自来水为生长介质对莴笋和菠菜进行水培试验,以揭示不同氮素形态及配比对蔬菜生长和品质的影响。结果表明,以纯水为水培水源,ＮＯ－３－Ｎ∶ＮＨ＋４－Ｎ为１∶１或单独供应ＮＨ＋４－Ｎ,对作物生长均有一定程度的抑制作用,而以后者的生长量最低。以自来水作水培介质时,以ＮＯ－３－Ｎ为唯一氮源预培养一段时间后,再提高营养液中ＮＨ＋４－Ｎ比例,有利于蔬菜的生长发育及硝酸盐含量的降低,使莴笋维生素Ｃ含量也有所降低,菠菜则无明显变化。当植物生长量较大时,尿素作水培氮源不能满足作物对氮素的需求  相似文献   

Ammonia dynamics in relation to hatching in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)     

B.F. Terjesen  A. Mangor-Jensen  H.J. Fyhn 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1998,18(2):189-201

Total ammonia content (T_Amm) and excretion (J_Amm), and ionic content (K⁺, Na⁺, Cl_-) have been studied in embryos and yolk-sac larvae of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) maintained in darkness (6 °C and 34% S) or in light (light-arrested, nonon-hatching embryos). The T_Amm of the eggs increased from 250-300 nmol ind^-1 during the first 5-10 days post fertilization (dPF) to 400-500 nmol ind^-1 at the time of natural hatching in darkness. T_Amm did not start to decrease before 2-5 days after hatch, and yolk-sac larvae had a higher T_Amm compared to the light-arrested embryos of the same age and batch. J_Amm increased exponentially rom about 0.05 nmol ind^-1 h^-1 at 10 dPF to about 3 nmol ind^-1 h^-1 at hatch. Embryos undergoing hatching showed a significantly higher J_Amm than non-hatching, light-arrested embryos of the same age. The content of K+ in distilled water rinsed eggs declined from about 0.85 µmol ind^-1 at 2-4 dPF to about 0.15 µmol ind^-1 at hatch, while that of Cl^- remained constant at about t 0.85 µmol in^-1, and that of Na⁺ increased slowly from 0.10 to 0.20 µmol ind^-1 . Based on the measured ions, there was an anionic deficit in the egg, especially during the first week of development. When exposed to increased ambient total ammonia (0-27 mM NH4Cl), no mortality occurred, and no significant increase was found in the T_Amm of the Atlantic halibut egg before 9.2 dPF despite an estimated large inward diffusion gradient for the un-ionized ammonia species (NH₃). The delayed release of T_Amm comp ared to embryos and yolk-sac larvae of other marine teleosts, may relate to the deep-water spawning of the Atlantic halibut, and the buoyancy regulation of the yolk-sac larvae.  相似文献   

日粮中纳豆芽孢杆菌对体外猪粪发酵液中臭气及微生物的影响          下载免费PDF全文

盛清凯  姜殿文  刘艳艳  窦红艳  宣玉娟  武英 《家畜生态学报》2014,35(10):36-40

为了减少舍外粪便污染,研究日粮中纳豆芽孢杆菌对体外猪粪发酵液中氨气、硫化氢、粪臭素及菌群的影响。试验组生猪饲喂纳豆芽孢杆菌日粮,对照组无纳豆芽孢杆菌。结果表明,试验组氨气、硫化氢、色氨酸、吲哚-3-乙酸、粪臭素浓度极显著低于对照组(P0.01),吲哚显著低于对照组(P0.05)。对照组猪粪发酵液优势菌以芽孢杆菌(CWBI B1434)为主,含量为26%;试验组以非解乳糖链球菌(AF201899)为主,含量为36%,其次为噬淀粉乳酸杆菌,含量为16%。结果表明纳豆芽孢杆菌通过调整猪粪菌群降低臭味物质浓度。为了减少舍外粪便污染,建议猪日粮中添加纳豆芽孢杆菌。  相似文献