Induced resistance to<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cladosporium cucumerinum</Emphasis> in cucumber by pectinases extracted from<Emphasis Type="Italic">Penicillium oxalicum</Emphasis>     

Xiawei?Peng  Hongxun?ZhangEmail author  Zhihui?Bai  Baojv?Li 《Phytoparasitica》2004,32(4):377-387

Pectinases extract (PE) from the fermentation product ofPenicillium oxalicum BZH-2002 was tested for its ability to induce protection against scab caused byCladosporium cucumerinum on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants. Seedlings with one true leaf were sprayed with various concentrations of PE (10–200 units ml⁻¹) 3 days before inoculation withC. cucumerinum. Results showed that the induced local protection against the pathogen was dose-dependent when the concentrations of PE were between 20 and 120 units ml⁻¹; systemically induced resistance against the pathogen was not observed. Boiled PE had a slight effect on disease reduction. Commercial pectinases prepared fromAspergillus niger showed lower protection against scab compared with PE when they were used at the same concentration of enzyme activity. No inhibitory activity was observed on conidial germination or germ-tube growth ofC. cucumerinum. PE was further evaluated for its enhancement of defense-related enzymes. Peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) increased in cucumber seedlings after treatment with PE. PO and PPO remained at a higher level in PE-pretreated seedlings throughout the experiment period whether pathogen-inoculated or non-inoculated, whereas PAL activity began to decrease 2 days after PE treatment. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 14, 2004.  相似文献   

Note: Proline — An inducer of resistance against pearl millet downy mildew disease caused by<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sclerospora graminicola</Emphasis>     

Sathyanarayana?Niranjan?Raj  Nandini?Prasad?Shetty  Hunthrike?Shekar?ShettyEmail author 《Phytoparasitica》2004,32(5):523-527

In an attempt to find a suitable alternative to the otherwise perilous chemical control strategy of disease management, the amino acid proline was evaluated for its efficiency to elicit resistance in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) against downy mildew disease caused bySclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet both under greenhouse and field conditions. Proline treatment to seeds at 50 mM concentration for 3 h, significantly enhanced the seed germination and seedling vigor of pearl millet in comparison with the control. The same concentration and duration of seed treatment protected the pearl millet plants from downy mildew by offering 58% protection under greenhouse and 67% protection under field conditions. Studies revealed that 3 days were required for proline-treated plants to develop resistance, which was systemic and was sustained throughout the life of the plants. Apart from disease protection, proline was also found effective in enhancing vegetative and reproductive growth of the plants, as evidenced by the increase in height, fresh weight, leaf area, tillering capacity, 1000-seed weight and grain yield in comparison with the control plants. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Oct. 3, 2004.  相似文献   

水杨酸诱导番茄对灰霉病的抗性研究     

刘佳 《安徽农业科学》2012,40(25):12510-12513

[目的]探讨水杨酸(SA)对番茄抗灰霉病的诱导作用。[方法]以SA作为诱抗剂处理番茄幼苗,研究了SA对番茄灰霉病病原菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的影响,并测定了其诱导抗性产生过程中番茄植株体内过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)4种防御酶活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。[结果]SA在其浓度范围内对番茄灰霉病病原菌的孢子萌发和菌丝生长无抑制作用,而相对诱导效果在处理后也有不同程度的提高,其中用150 mg/L SA处理番茄植株后间隔3 d挑战接种灰霉病病原菌产生的诱导效果最好,且抗性持续期在10～15 d。经SA处理后,CAT、POD、PPO、PAL在番茄灰霉病系统诱导抗性中均呈先上升后下降的趋势,且明显高于对照,同时MDA含量以波浪线形式呈上升趋势。[结论]SA在一定浓度范围内使用是安全的;CAT、POD、PPO、PAL活性与番茄对灰霉病的诱导抗性呈正相关,MDA含量的增加与抗病性的提高也密切相关。  相似文献   

一株产植酸酶青霉的分类鉴定及其植酸酶基因克隆 和在毕赤酵母中的表达     

包佳源  马忠友  戚明玲  黄勃  樊美珍 《安徽农业大学学报》2012,39(5):788-792

植酸酶是催化植酸盐水解成磷酸盐的一类酶的总称,添加到猪和家禽动物的饲料中可以提高植酸磷的利用率和促进对矿质元素的吸收利用。根据形态特征和ITS分子序列,作者对该实验室筛选得到的高产植酸酶菌株青霉RCEF4908进行了鉴定,确定该菌株在系统分类上属于草酸青霉Penicillium oxalicum Currie&Thom。利用特异性引物扩增出植酸酶成熟肽基因片段,蛋白质序列含有保守区域RHGXRXP和HD,属于组氨酸酸性磷酸酶家族。通过基因操作成功实现了植酸酶在Pichia pastoris GS115的表达。转化子P49在诱导培养144 h后酶活性可以达到约8 000U·mL-1。重组植酸酶在pH 2.5～7.0之间都有活性,在pH 5.5时酶活性最高;在90℃水浴处理10、20和30 min后酶活性仍分别保留53.8%、52.5%和45.2%,具有较高的耐热性,适宜于作为饲料添加剂,有进一步开发的价值。  相似文献   

低温诱导甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)Ty7Br600基因的Northern blotting和Southern blotting分析     

戴建军  程大友  常缨  李彩凤  闫桂萍  马凤鸣 《东北农业大学学报》2012,43(4):80-83

以低温诱导甜菜幼苗为试验材料,以未进行低温诱导的甜菜幼苗为对照,采用α-32P-ATP放射标记按随机引物标记法标记本实验室克隆的Ty7Br600基因,进行Northern杂交。Northern杂交试验结果显示,在低温诱导培养的甜菜幼苗的RNA群体中,出现较强的杂交条带,而在未诱导培养的甜菜幼苗的RNA群体中,则几乎没有阳性杂交条带出现。因此,Ty7Br600这一序列有可能是二年生甜菜幼苗经低温诱导处理之后被诱导表达的与抽薹相关的新基因序列。Southern杂交结果发现,在每一组酶切中至少有2~3条条带,表明Ty7Br600确为甜菜基因组片段,也同时表明该基因在甜菜基因组中以2个拷贝或低拷贝形式存在。  相似文献   

水稻启动子OsN1p的克隆与功能分析     

吴智丹  王光  郭玲  李林  刘凤权  邵敏 《南京农业大学学报》2012,35(2):10-14

将OsN1基因上游881 bp启动子(OsN1p)序列取代pBI121中gus基因上游的35S启动子,构建植物表达载体pBIN1p,经农杆菌介导转化水稻品种‘日本晴’,获得转基因植株。GUS组织化学染色结果表明,由该启动子驱动的gus基因能在愈伤组织中较低水平地表达;稻瘟病菌接种转基因植株24 h后,GUS活性为未接种前的4.2倍;5 mmol.L-1水杨酸(SA)和0.5 mmol.L-1茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)分别喷施转基因植株叶面6 h后,GUS活性分别为处理前的5.9和2.4倍。表明,OsN1p启动子具有启动活性,同时明显具有受稻瘟病菌、SA和MeJA诱导表达的特性。  相似文献   

甲基茉莉酸和草酸诱导油菜BN10基因的表达     

肖春芳  侯明生  蔡丽 《华中农业大学学报》2012,31(5):593-597

利用实时荧光定量PCR方法,观察油菜BN10基因在根、茎、叶中的表达差异,并分析甲基茉莉酸(MeJA)和草酸(OA)对该基因的诱导表达的动态变化。结果表明:BN10基因在油菜根、茎、叶中均能表达,其中在根中的表达量最高,茎中的表达量次之,在叶中的表达量最低,且在抗病毒品种苏油1号中的表达量高于感病品种中双9号;BN10的表达受MeJA和OA的诱导影响。MeJA诱导处理感病品种中双9号叶片后,BN10基因表达先升后降,在24h时表达量最高,为诱导前的2.58倍,之后有所下降,但诱导后的表达量始终高于诱导前,72h时的表达量仍为诱导前的1.13倍;OA诱导处理中双9号后,BN10表达量也是先增加后降低,在12h时达到最大值,为诱导前的2.5倍,72h时下降至最低,仅为诱导前的25%。MeJA诱导处理抗病品种苏油1号后,BN10的表达趋势与中双9号相似,但各时间点的表达量均高于中双9号;OA诱导处理苏油1号后,对BN10的诱导更强烈,表达量在6h时即达到峰值,为诱导处理前的3.05倍,之后逐渐下降。  相似文献   

Bioactivity guided isolation of antipsychotic constituents from the leaves of Rauwolfia tetraphylla L     

Gupta S  Khanna VK  Maurya A  Bawankule DU  Shukla RK  Pal A  Srivastava SK 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(6):1092-1099

This study was undertaken to ascertain the antipsychotic properties of Rauwolfia tetraphylla L. leaves and to isolate and characterize the antipsychotic constituents. Among the MeOH extract and some alkaloidal fractions at different pHs, the alkaloidal CHCl(3) fraction at pH-9 (2C) showed the highest antipsychotic activity against dopaminergic (DA-D(2)) and serotonergic (5-HT(2A)) receptors in-vitro and amphetamine induced hyperactive mouse model in-vivo. The activity guided isolation of CHCl(3) fraction (2C) afforded six indole alkaloids: 10-methoxytetrahydroalstonine (1), isoreserpiline (2), an isomeric mixture of 11-demethoxyreserpiline (3) and 10-demethoxyreserpiline (4), α-yohimbine (5) and reserpiline (6). Given orally, alkaloids 3-6 showed significant antipsychotic activity in a dose dependent manner. None of the extract, alkaloidal fractions or alkaloids showed any extra pyramidal symptoms at the tested doses. It was also observed that MeOH extract was behaving similar to other clinically used novel atypical antipsychotics in having 5-HT(2A) occupancy greater than the DA-D(2) receptor at the tested doses. Further toxicity and safety evaluation studies of MeOH extracts of R. tetraphylla leaves at different doses (10, 100, 300 and 2000 mg/kg) on female Swiss albino mice showed that MeOH extract is non toxic. The isolated alkaloids, 3-6 could serve as a promising lead structure for drug development of treating psychotic conditions in human.  相似文献   

The influence of damage level in Pinus sylvestris foliage on the performance of diprionid sawflies     

《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):249-257

I tested the presence of rapid and delayed induced resistance in Pinus sylvestris L. by biotests, rearing three species of diprionid sawflies on defoliated and undefoliated trees. I damaged the pines artificially by cutting mature needles with scissors at the beginning of the growing season. Four levels of defoliation were created on the basis of levels of removed needle biomass. Sawfly larval and cocoon weights were retarded and relative growth rates delayed as a result of an increase in damage level. The larval periods were prolonged at most 2–6 days. The response to the damage was partly species‐specific. The needle water content decreased in the following growing season in connection with low and moderate damage and increased at high damage levels. The nutrient contents of the foliage in the damaged and undamaged trees did not differ significantly. The Scots pine showed damage‐induced changes in food quality after extensive defoliation, which affected, via plant, species using the same host.  相似文献   

EMS直接注入花生花器创制高产突变体   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王传堂  王秀贞  唐月异  陈殿绪  张建成  崔凤高  禹山林 《核农学报》2010,24(2):239-242

将浓度为0.1%～0.5%的化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)注入花生品种花育16号和鲁花11号的花器,获得了单株结果数、单株仁重、饱果率比野生型明显提高的突变体。其中,花育16号诱变获得的06-测A2系产量表现突出。在2008年的测产试验中,08-测A2系子仁比对照鲁花11号提高34.60%,增产幅度列当年参试品种之首;在2009年的测产试验中,08-测A2系子仁比花育16号提高5.42%,比丰花1号增产10.71%。与其野生型相比,该品系子仁粗脂肪含量提高了1.13个百分点,蛋白质含量降低了2.02个百分点;叶片水分和叶绿素含量均高于野生型。内含子长度多态性标记分析表明,08-测A2与其野生型间存在分子水平的差异。  相似文献